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Warts

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	90%
Life Sciences	7%
2 Other Domains	3%

Kinds of Warts

Selected Abstracts

Efficacy of 10% silver nitrate solution in the treatment of common warts: a placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
Sedigheh Ebrahimi MD
Background, Warts are a common skin lesion, especially in children and young adults, caused by human papillomaviruses. So far, there is no definitive therapy for warts and the treatment is modified regularly to obtain the best result with the least discomfort to the patient. The aim of this placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 10% silver nitrate solution for the treatment of common warts. Methods, Sixty individuals attending pediatrics and dermatology clinics and health centers in Yasuj, south-west of Iran, were recruited. The patients were divided into two groups: 30 patients received 10% silver nitrate solution (case group) and 30 control patients received black ink (placebo group). Silver nitrate solution was used every other day for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the patients were evaluated for healing, and treatment was continued for another 3 weeks if the lesions were still present. Results, Complete regression of lesions was achieved in 19 of the 30 (63.33%) case patients. No significant side-effect was noted in the treated patients apart from temporary brownish discoloration of the skin which resolved 1 week after treatment. Conclusion, This study demonstrated that 10% silver nitrate solution can be used effectively for the treatment of warts with no serious complications. [source]

Topical formic acid puncture technique for the treatment of common warts

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2001
Ramesh M. Bhat MD
Background Warts are a common chronic skin disorder that can be cosmetically disfiguring and, depending on the location, cause inhibition of function. The presence of dozens of topical and systemic treatments for warts is a testament to the lack of a rapid, simple, uniformly effective, inexpensive, nonscarring, and painless treatment. Aim The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of 85% formic acid application, an inexpensive therapy, for the treatment of warts. Methods A placebo-controlled, nonrandomized, open trial was performed in 100 patients with common warts attending Father Muller's Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. Fifty patients received 85% formic acid application and 50 patients received placebo (water) using a topical application/needle puncture technique every other day. Results Ninety-two per cent of patients who received formic acid application showed complete disappearance of warts after a 3,4-week treatment period, compared to 6% in the placebo group. Conclusions The results show that 85% formic acid application is a safe, economical, and effective alternative in the treatment of common warts with few side-effects and good compliance. A multicenter trial is needed to examine the efficacy and safety of this treatment. [source]

Warts, Malnutrition, and Sunshine

PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
ROCÍO OROZCO-TOPETE M.D.
We sought to determine the prevalence of warts in children of two communities in Oaxaca, Mexico, and compared it with their nutritional status. Children from Santa Catarina Yahuio and Santiago Laxopa of the state of Oaxaca were examined. Localization, number, and type of verruca were noted. Date of birth, height, and weight were obtained to determine nutritional status. A total of 213 children (116 girls and 97 boys), 107 in Yahuio and 106 in Laxopa, were studied. Mean age was 10.24 years. Thirty children (14.1%) had warts and 80% (24/30) of these lived in Yahuio (p = 0.0002). Almost half were teenagers. Most lesions were on sun-exposed areas. First degree malnutrition was found in 24.5%; second degree in 23.6% and third degree in 14.2%. A higher frequency of warts than previously reported was found. Malnutrition was prevalent in both groups but did not correlate positively with verruca. Verruca were more frequent in females, adolescents, sun-exposed areas, and higher altitude. We believe that the higher altitude of Yahuio facilitates greater exposure to ultraviolet light-induced immune suppression. [source]

One-Year Experience with Candida Antigen Immunotherapy for Warts and Molluscum

PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2008
Mandi Maronn M.D.
We report our 1-year experience with intralesional candida antigen therapy for both warts and molluscum contagiosum. A retrospective chart review was performed and a total of 217 patients were identified. Follow-up was obtained either through clinic visits or telephone interviews for 25/47 molluscum patients and 55/170 wart patients. Of the molluscum patients with follow-up, 14/25 (56%) had complete resolution, 7/25 (28%) had partial clearing, and 4/25 (16%) had no improvement. For the wart patients with follow-up, 48/55 (87%) had complete resolution, 3/55 (6%) had partial clearing, and 4/55 (7%) had no improvement. It is important to note that our clearance rate may be overestimated, as many patients were also treated concurrently with liquid nitrogen or other therapies. All wart and molluscum patients experienced some discomfort at the time of injection, but no serious side effects were reported. Our experience suggests intralesional candida antigen may represent a treatment option for warts and molluscum contagiosum that is safe and effective. [source]

Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy for Pediatric Warts

PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
Hyun Su Park M.D.
Although pulsed dye laser therapy is known to be a safe and efficacious modality, the reported cure rates for this method have varied, and no studies have reported treatment of pediatric patients alone. This prospective, nonblinded, nonrandomized study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulsed dye laser therapy for pediatric warts. We found that this method is safe, relatively effective, and worth considering as an additional therapeutic option for viral warts in children, although not as a first-line therapy. [source]

Pediatric Anogenital Warts: A 7-Year Review of Children Referred to a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Montreal, Canada

PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Danielle Marcoux M.D.
Over a 7-year period, 72 patients under the age of 12 years were seen at our dermatology clinic for anogenital warts, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.7/1000 in our patient population. Sixty-four percent (46/72) were girls. Congenital, prenatal, ascending infections occurred in two subjects. The onset of anogenital warts occurred before age 2 in 28% and between 2 and 6 years of age in 62% of children and tended to be younger in boys. We identified unusual cutaneomucosal serotypes human papillomavirus 7 and 57 (three and eight instances, respectively). The modes of transmission of anogenital warts in children cannot be identified either by the clinical appearance of the lesions or by human papillomavirus typing. We conclude that the best way to identify possible sexual abuse is still by history taking, careful assessment of the socio-clinical context, and physical examination. [source]

The mouth in HIV/AIDS: markers of disease status and management challenges for the dental profession

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2010
NW Johnson
Abstract There are over 30 million people in the world with HIV infection and, whilst the rate of new infections is slowing, this number continues to grow. Although in Australia the overall prevalence of HIV infection in adults aged 15,49 is officially estimated at only 0.2%, representing less than 20 000 people living with HIV and AIDS, our geographical area contains populations with prevalences exceeding 10 times this. Oral health professionals must therefore practise safe, standard infection control at all times and be aware of the oral manifestations of HIV disease. These are predominantly opportunistic infections with fungi such as Candida albicans or with viruses of the herpes family, particularly herpes simplex, herpes zoster and Epstein-Barr virus infections. Warts or papillomas may arise due to human papilloma viruses , even in individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy. Rare types of fungal infection can occur, and severe bacterial infections, notably tuberculosis, are an ever-present risk. Susceptibility to periodontal breakdown is somewhat enhanced by the effects of HIV disease itself, and caries activity may increase because the patient neglects attention to diet and oral hygiene. Restorative and periodontal care need, therefore, to be maintained at a high level. Oral opportunistic infections cause much distress and the diagnosis and management of these is the responsibility of our profession. [source]

Imiquimod 5% cream for external genital or perianal warts in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: an open-label, noncomparative study

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
P. Saiag
Summary Background, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ patients have an increased risk of anogenital warts. High-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs), especially types 16 and 18, are major risk factors for precancerous and cancerous lesions of the anogenital tract, while low-risk (LR) HPVs are associated with benign lesions. Cure of genital warts with ablative techniques, surgical excision, podophyllotoxin or trichloroacetic acid is frequently difficult. Treatment with imiquimod cream showed a total clearance of external genital or perianal warts in about 50% of immunocompetent subjects. However, total clearance was reduced in HIV+ subjects not treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Objectives, To assess clinically and by monitoring HPV content the efficacy of 5% topical imiquimod to treat anogenital warts in HIV+ subjects with at least partially restored immune functions. Methods, Fifty HIV+ patients successfully treated with HAART (total CD4+ cells , 200 cells mm,3 and plasma HIV RNA load < 104 copies mL,1) with anogenital warts were included. Imiquimod 5% cream was applied on external genital or perianal warts three times weekly for up to 16 weeks. Warts were tested at entry and after treatment for human LR- and HR-HPV DNA. Results, Total wart clearance was observed in 16 of 50 (32%) patients at week 16. At enrolment, HPV DNA was present in more than 90% of lesions with a majority of lesions co-infected by HR- and LR-HPV. At study end, the HPV load decreased or became undetectable in 40% of cases studied. Conclusions, Imiquimod 5% cream did not show safety concerns and is suitable for use in HIV+ subjects with anogenital warts and successful HAART treatment. [source]

The centrosomal protein Lats2 is a phosphorylation target of Aurora-A kinase

GENES TO CELLS, Issue 5 2004
Shingo Toji
Human Lats2, a novel serine/threonine kinase, is a member of the Lats kinase family that includes the Drosophila tumour suppressor lats/warts. Lats1, a counterpart of Lats2, is phosphorylated in mitosis and localized to the mitotic apparatus. However, the regulation, function and intracellular distribution of Lats2 remain unclear. Here, we show that Lats2 is a novel phosphorylation target of Aurora-A kinase. We first showed that the phosphorylated residue of Lats2 is S83 in vitro. Antibody that recognizes this phosphorylated S83 indicated that the phosphorylation also occurs in vivo. We found that Lats2 transiently interacts with Aurora-A, and that Lats2 and Aurora-A co-localize at the centrosomes during the cell cycle. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of Aurora-A-induced phosphorylation of S83 on Lats2 partially perturbed its centrosomal localization. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that S83 of Lats2 is a phosphorylation target of Aurora-A and this phosphorylation plays a role of the centrosomal localization of Lats2. [source]

An overview of human papillomavirus infection for the dermatologist: disease, diagnosis, management, and prevention

DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 5 2010
Michelle Forcier
ABSTRACT Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common, usually transient, dermatologic infection transmitted by genital contact that can cause a variety of anogenital diseases, including warts (condyloma), dysplasia (cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal), and squamous cell carcinoma. A number of treatment modalities are available to treat anogenital warts, both patient- and provider-applied. Treatment is efficacious, but lesions can recur. Bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines are approved to prevent HPV infection. Both are indicated to prevent cervical cancer, while the quadrivalent vaccine is also approved to prevent vaginal/vulvar cancers as well as genital warts in males and females. Providers should clearly explain the natural history and potential sequelae of HPV disease, counsel patients on prevention strategies, and recommend vaccination as an effective method of prevention to their patients. [source]

Use of topical immunomodulators in organ transplant recipients

DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 1 2005
Bradley T. Kovach
ABSTRACT:, Solid organ transplant recipients are a growing population at increased risk for the development of cutaneous premalignant and malignant lesions, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Topical immunomodulators, in particular imiquimod, have shown efficacy in the management of multiple malignant, precancerous, and viral conditions. The ability to locally induce an immune response, presumably against tumor and viral antigens, and induce apoptosis makes topical immunomodulators a promising therapeutic option in organ transplant recipients. Although limited, data have begun to accumulate on the use of imiquimod in transplant patients for the management of superficial, nodular, and infiltrative basal cell carcinomas; in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas; condyloma acuminata; and common warts. As more experience is gathered, the role of imiquimod and other topical immunomodulators in the care of OTRs will be clarified. The authors reviewed the existing data on the use of topical imiquimod in OTRs with mention of its presumed mechanisms of action and other immunomodulators with potential efficacy against cancerous and precancerous lesions. [source]

Resistance of potato cultivars to Synchytrium endobioticum in field and laboratory tests, risk of secondary infection, and implications for phytosanitary regulations

EPPO BULLETIN, Issue 1 2005
R. P. Baayen
Laboratory (Spieckermann) tests, pot tests and field tests provided concordant evidence for the partial nature of resistance of potatoes to pathotypes 1 (D1) and 6 (O1) of Synchytrium endobioticum. Susceptible potato cultivars produced large warts (> 16 mm in diameter) in Spieckermann tests and had low field resistance levels (1,6). Field-resistant cultivars (levels 7,9) produced small warts or no warts at all in Spieckermann and field tests. In pot tests, at low inoculum levels (1 sporangium per 25 g soil) susceptible cultivars still developed warts, whereas field-resistant ones did not develop any warts below 25 sporangia per g soil. Above 35 sporangia per g soil, 100% disease incidence was observed in susceptible cultivars but only minimal wart development in field-resistant ones. Tests with continuous cultivation of potato cultivars in infected soil during three consecutive years showed that field-resistant cultivars will not support build-up of inoculum in soil. It is concluded that field-resistant cultivars do not create a risk of secondary infection, the criterion given for resistance in EU Directive 69/464/EC. [source]

Global and systematic demonstration for the practical usage of a direct in vivo measurement system to evaluate wrinkles

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 6 2007
T. Fujimura
Synopsis The global and systematic demonstration for the practical usage of a direct three-dimensional in vivo measurement system (PRIMOS) to evaluate wrinkles was investigated. Ten repetitive measurements of the corner of the eye of a subject showed that the coefficient of variation (CV)% value was 7.0% in a typical line-length roughness parameter Ra (the arithmetic mean of roughness), and that the CV% value in a typical surface area roughness parameter Sa was 2.4%. The relationships between the roughness values obtained from the corners of the eye and the age or wrinkle scores of Japanese women aged 10,70 years was examined. The values of several roughness parameters within the evaluation line length or surface area increased with age and showed a good correlation coefficient (r > 0.743). Similar relationships between the wrinkle scores and the values of roughness parameters were observed (r > 0.699). The roughness values were widely distributed even in the same wrinkle score because the measurement areas were limited and the values of skin roughness, including the microreliefs and/or small warts, were included in the calculation. However, changes in roughness values are considerable following treatment with potent active ingredients such as retinoic acid, so that this in vivo evaluation method is sufficient to objectively evaluate wrinkles. We conclude that the direct three-dimensional analysis of wrinkles in vivo should become a popular method to objectively evaluate wrinkles in clinical tests of wrinkle-smoothing ingredients or following cosmetic surgery to provide evidence of quantitative results. Résumé Une démonstration globale et systématique pour l'utilisation pratique d'un système de mesurage in vivo tridimensionnel direct (PRIMOS) pour évaluer les rides àétéétudiée. Dix mesurages répétitifs de la cornée de l',il d'un sujet ont montrées que la valeur du % du coefficient de variation était de 7,0% pour un paramètre de rugosité de mesure typique Ra (moyen arithmétique de rugosité), et que la valeur du % du coefficient de dérivation pour un paramètre de rugosité d'une surface typique Saétait de 2,4%. Les relations entre les valeurs de rugosité obtenues des cornées de l',il et l'âge ou les indices de rides de femmes japonaises âgées de 10 à 70 ans furent examinées. Les valeurs de plusieurs paramètres de rugosité en-deçà de la mesure d'évaluation ou de la surface ont augmenté avec l'âge et ont présenté un bon coefficient de corrélation (r > 0,743). Des relations similaires entre des indices de rides et les valeurs de paramètres de rugosité furent observées (r > 0,699). Les valeurs de rugosité furent largement réparties même avec un indice de rugosité semblable, du fait que les zones de mesurages furent limitées et que les valeurs de rugosité de la peau, comprenant des microreliefs et/ou de petites verrues, furent inclues dans les calculs. Cependant, des changements dans les valeurs de rugosité ont été considérables selon le traitement avec des ingrédients actifs potentiels, tel que l'acide rétinoïque, de telle sorte que cette méthode d'évaluation in vivo est suffisante pour une évaluation objective des rides. Nous en concluons qu'une analyse tridimensionnelle directe des rides in vivo est une méthode pratique pour évaluer objectivement des rides dans des essais cliniques d'ingrédients d'adoucissage des rides ou en suivant une chirurgie esthétique pour mettre en évidence des résultats quantitatifs. [source]

Change in pattern of skin disease in Kaduna, north-central Nigeria

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 9 2007
Husain Yahya MSc
Background, We report our experience on the pattern of skin disease in Kaduna, north-central Nigeria over a 6-year period, and compare it with a similar survey conducted in the same area 30 years ago and with surveys from Nigeria and from other parts of Africa. Methods, The medical records of new patients attending the dermatology outpatient clinics of Barau Dikko Specialist Hospital and Habbat Medical Center from March 2000 to December 2005 were retrieved. Demographic data (age and sex) and the diagnoses of skin disease were extracted and analyzed. Results, A total of 5982 cases was seen. Forty-nine per cent were males and 51% were females. One-third of the patients were aged under 20 years, and three quarters were aged below 40 years. Eczematous dermatitis was the most common skin disorder seen, making up 35% of cases, and had replaced dermatophyte infections and scabies, which were the most dominant skin diseases 30 years previously (now constituting 6% and 1.4% of cases, respectively). Atopic dermatitis had more than doubled in frequency (13.8% vs. 5.2%), and contact dermatitis had tripled in frequency (5.8% vs. 1.8%). Acne vulgaris (6.7%), pigmentary disorders (3.9%), urticaria (3.6%), papular urticaria (3.6%), hair disorders (3.3%), lichen simplex chronicus (3%), viral warts (2.9%), and drug eruptions (2.7%) had also increased. Human immunodeficiency virus-related skin disease constituted 4.3% of cases, with pruritic papular eruption being the most common condition. Conclusion, These changes in skin disease can be attributed mainly to an increase in urbanization and improved socio-economic conditions. [source]

Efficacy of 10% silver nitrate solution in the treatment of common warts: a placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial

Study of the skin disease spectrum occurring in an Afro-Caribbean population

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Patricia Dunwell MBBS
Background There is a scarcity of recent up-to-date studies on the incidence of skin disease among Afro-Caribbeans. Methods One thousand patients were retrospectively studied for the commonest diagnoses made over a 5-month period from January to May 2001. Results The commonest skin diseases seen were acne vulgaris (29.21%), seborrhoeic eczema (22.02%), pigmentary disorders (16.56%), and atopic eczema (6.1%). Other notable common diagnoses included keratosis pilaris, tinea infection, hirsuitism, folliculitis keloidalis nuchae, viral warts, dermatosis papulosa nigra, and confluent and reticulate papillomatosis. Conclusion The pattern of skin disease seen in the Afro-Caribbean population studied, more closely resembles those seen in developed countries than those seen in developing countries. [source]

Topical formic acid puncture technique for the treatment of common warts

Phylogenetic relationships within the tropical soft coral genera Sarcophyton and Lobophytum (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)

INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
Catherine S. McFadden
Abstract. The alcyonacean soft coral genera Sarcophyton and Lobophytum are conspicuous, ecologically important members of shallow reef communities throughout the Indo-West Pacific. Study of their ecology is, however, hindered by incomplete knowledge of their taxonomy: most species cannot be identified in the field and the two genera cannot always be distinguished reliably. We used a 735-bp fragment of the octocoral-specific mitochondrial protein-coding gene msh1 to construct a phylogeny for 92 specimens identified to 19 species of Lobophytum and 16 species of Sarcophyton. All phylogenetic methods used recovered a tree with three strongly supported clades. One clade included only morphologically typical Sarcophyton species with a stalk distinct from the polypary, poorly formed club-shaped sclerites in the colony surface, and large spindles in the interior of the stalk. A second clade included only morphologically typical Lobophytum colonies with lobes and ridges on the colony surface, poorly formed clubs in the colony surface, and interior sclerites consisting of oval forms with regular girdles of ornamental warts. The third distinct clade included a mix of Sarcophyton and Lobophytum nominal species with intermediate morphologies. Most of the species in this mixed clade had a polypary that was not distinct from the stalk, and the sclerites in the colony surface were clubs with well-defined heads. Within the Sarcophyton clade, specimens identified as Sarcophyton glaucum belonged to six very distinct genetic sub-clades, suggesting that this morphologically heterogeneous species is actually a cryptic species complex. Our results highlight the need for a complete taxonomic revision of these genera, using molecular data to help confirm species boundaries as well as to guide higher taxonomic decisions. [source]

Diseases caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV)

JOURNAL DER DEUTSCHEN DERMATOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT, Issue 5 2009
Alessandra Handisurya
Summary Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are non-enveloped tumor viruses with a double stranded DNA approximately 8 kilobases in length. The viral genome is enclosed by a spherical capsid with icosahedral symmetry and a diameter of about 55 nm. More than 100 HPV types have been identified. They infect the squamous epithelia of skin and mucosa and usually cause benign papillomas or warts. Persistent infection with high-risk oncogenic HPV causes all cervical cancers, most anal cancers, and a subset of vulvar, vaginal, penile and oropha-ryngeal cancers. In recent years cutaneous beta-HPV types have been associated with the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancers. Two prophylactic HPV vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLP) are licensed. These are up to 100% effective in preventing HPV 16 and HPV 18 infections and associated genital lesions in women, who have not been previously infected with these types. One vaccine also prevents genital warts caused by HPV 6 and HPV 11. [source]

Threading warts: a beauty parlor dermatosis

JOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Rajesh Kumar MD
Summary Threading is a common beauty parlor procedure usually performed to shape the eyebrows and remove unwanted facial hair for cosmetic reasons. Appearance of warts at the site of threading is an unusual phenomenon. We report two such cases, first as koebnerization from the initial lesion elsewhere on the patient's body and second, possibly from the infected material at the beauty parlor. We emphasize the importance of identification of this condition and discuss its dermatological and cosmetological perspectives. [source]

Enhanced type I interferon signaling and recruitment of chemokine receptor CXCR3-expressing lymphocytes into the skin following treatment with the TLR7-agonist imiquimod

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
Joerg Wenzel
Introduction:, Imiquimod (AldaraÔ) is an immune response modifier approved for the topical treatment of external genital and perianal warts which can mediate regression of several cutaneous malignancies [basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Bowen's disease, actinic keratosis, and metastasis of malignant melanoma]. Recently, it was discovered that imiquimod acts through the toll-like receptor (TLR) 7. We hypothesize that TLR7-signaling strongly induces the production of interferon (IFN) ,, which is able to enhance Th1-mediated cellular antiviral and antitumor immunity. Patients and methods:, In the present study we analyzed the expression of MxA, a protein specifically induced by type I IFNs during topical imiquimod treatment in several patients suffering from different cutaneous malignancies (BCC, cutaneous metastasis of melanoma, and breast cancer), and characterized the inflammatory infiltrate, along with the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR3, by immunohistochemistry. Results:, Treatment with the TLR7-agonist imiquimod induced a significant lesional lymphocytic inflammation, associated with strong expression of MxA, indicating the induction of type I IFN signaling. The extent of lesional MxA staining closely correlated with the number of infiltrating T lymphocytes and the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, characteristic for Th1-biased immune responses. Discussion:, Our in vivo results suggest an important role for TLR7-induced production of type I IFN, which links innate and adaptive immunity and promotes specific Th1-biased cellular immune response capable of eliminating cutaneous malignancies. MxA appears to be a valuable parameter to demonstrate IFN-type I expression in imiquimod therapy. [source]

Successful treatment of recurrent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia resistant to interferon and isotretinoin with cidofovir

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 2 2001
Suphannee Koonsaeng
Abstract Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias are difficult to eradicate completely without extensive surgical intervention. Cidofovir, a deoxycytidine monophosphate analog, may have a therapeutic role in this disease. A 43-year-old woman with a 20-year history of genital warts presented with extensive vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III, and refused surgical resection. Topical cidofovir 1% in Beeler base completely eradicated the lesion. Successive treatment applications, however, were necessary. Cidofovir is a promising topical antiviral compound for HPV induced vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Med. Virol. 64:195,198, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Stabilization of human papillomavirus virus-like particles by non-ionic surfactants

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 7 2005
Li Shi
Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) virus-like-particles (VLPs) produced by recombinant expression systems are promising vaccine candidates for prevention of cervical cancers as well as genital warts. At high protein concentrations, HPV VLPs, comprised of the viral capsid protein L1 and expressed and purified from yeast, are protected against detectable aggregation during preparation and storage by high concentrations of NaCl. At low protein concentrations, however, high salt concentration alone does not fully protect HPV VLPs from aggregation. Moreover, the analytical analysis of HPV VLPs proved to be a challenge due to surface adsorption of HPV VLPs to storage containers and cuvettes. The introduction of non-ionic surfactants into HPV VLP aqueous solutions provides significantly enhanced stabilization of HPV VLPs against aggregation upon exposure to low salt and protein concentration, as well as protection against surface adsorption and aggregation due to heat stress and physical agitation. The mechanism of non-ionic surfactant stabilization of HPV VLPs was extensively studied using polysorbate 80 (PS80) as a representative non-ionic surfactant. The results suggest that PS80 stabilizes HPV VLPs mainly by competing with the VLPs for various container surfaces and air/water interfaces. No appreciable binding of PS80 to intact HPV VLPs was observed although PS80 does bind to the denatured HPV L1 protein. Even in the presence of stabilizing level of PS80, however, an ionic strength dependence of HPV VLP stabilization against aggregation is observed indicating optimization of both salt and non-ionic surfactant levels is required for effective stabilization of HPV VLPs in solution. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 94:1538,1551, 2005 [source]

THE SYSTEMATICS OF A SMALL SPINELESS DESMODESMUS SPECIES, D. COSTATO-GRANULATUS (SPHAEROPLEALES, CHLOROPHYCEAE), BASED ON ITS2 rDNA SEQUENCE ANALYSES AND CELL WALL MORPHOLOGY,

JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2 2007
Pieter Vanormelingen
Desmodesmus species taxonomy is one of the most long-standing issues in green microalgal systematics due to problems associated with phenotypic plasticity. Whereas more recent species descriptions and identifications are mainly based on cell wall structures and the use of cultures, comparisons with molecular phylogenies are largely lacking. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships between 22 clones identified as Desmodesmus costato-granulatus (Skuja) E. H. Hegew. were assessed using ITS2 rDNA sequence data in combination with cell wall morphology. The unrooted ITS2 phylogeny showed that the clones cluster into five groups, which also differ in their cell wall structures. Therefore, the taxon is split into five species: D. costato-granulatus, D. elegans, D. fennicus, D. regularis, and D. ultrasquamatus. Compared with other Desmodesmus species, intraspecific sequence variation is extensive and may contain additional (pseudo)cryptic diversity. Compensatory base changes were near-absent within the species and varied from one to 11 between species. Relationships among the species were unresolved. Despite this, they clustered together with the two other Desmodesmus species having a combination of small and large warts in a well-supported lineage. Remarkably, ITS2 sequence variation in this lineage is as high as between all other included Desmodesmus species, even though the morphology of its members is rather uniform. [source]

The HPV Vaccine: Framing the Arguments FOR and AGAINST Mandatory Vaccination of All Middle School Girls

JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, Issue 6 2008
Cheryl A. Vamos MPH
ABSTRACT Background:, Human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for cervical cancer, is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection in the United States. A vaccine was approved in 2006 that is effective in preventing the types of HPV responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. Proposals for routine and mandatory HPV vaccination of girls have become sources of controversy for parents of school-aged youth, legislators, members of the medical community, and the public at large. Methods:, The purpose of this article was to articulate the arguments used by advocates who either oppose or endorse routine, mandatory administration of the vaccine to school-aged girls, thereby assisting school health personnel in being effective participants in framing the relevant issues. Results:, Controversy is grounded in moral, religious, political, economic, and sociocultural arguments including whether concerns that the vaccine increases sexual risk taking, sends mixed messages about abstaining from sexual intercourse, usurps parental authority, and increases the potential for development of new health disparities are offset by the value of administering a cost-effective, age-appropriate public health measure targeting a life-threatening problem. Conclusions:, Careful consideration of the medical evidence and public health implications is critical but understanding the context of the debate is no less important to the task of responding to public concerns. School health personnel have a role in the discussion about HPV immunization. Being able to articulate the arguments presented herein can help authorities' responsiveness to parents and community groups as the dialogue about this particular health issue evolves further. [source]

Pulsed dye laser: what's new in non-vascular lesions?

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 7 2007
S Karsai
Abstract Background and objective, In dermatology, the pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the therapeutic instrument of choice for treating most superficial cutaneous vascular lesions. In addition, clinical experience over the last decade allowed us to treat patients with an ever increasing number of non-vascular indications. The purpose of this report is to summarize and critically appraise the scientific evidence that support the role of PDL in treating non-vascular skin lesions. Methods, A literature-based study has been conducted, including the review of publications over the period January 1995 to December 2006, using the Medline Database. We also included our own experience in managing non-vascular lesions with the PDL. Four sets of preoperative and postoperative photos are presented. Results, For viral skin lesions, PDL proved to be an alternative to other therapy options. This applies particularly to periungual warts and mollusca contagiosa. The mechanism of PDL with inflammatory dermatoses has not yet been elucidated. The effect seems to be better if there is a vascular component to the disease. With most of these indications (such as psoriasis and acne), PDL currently plays a rather minor or complementary role. Regarding collagen remodelling (hypertrophic scars, keloids, stretch marks, and skin rejuvenation), the question of whether a therapy makes sense or not has to be decided from case to case. Conclusion, With PDL, it is possible to achieve good results with numerous, partly less well-known indications (i.e. lupus erythematosu). With other diseases, PDL has so far been considered to be a complementary therapy method or to be in an experimental state. [source]

Long-term follow-up of endoscopic therapy of anal canal condylomata acuminata with podophyllotoxin

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
C Tzathas
Abstract Background, Condylomata acuminata of the anal canal, a common sexually transmitted disease, are difficult-to-treat lesions with a high recurrence rate after initial successful treatment. Objective, Our aim was to evaluate by anoscopy the efficacy of podophyllotoxin 0.5% solution topically applied for the treatment of anal warts. Methods, We prospectively studied consecutive patients with condylomata acuminata of the anal canal that spared the rectum. They were treated with 0.5% podophyllotoxin solution topically applied on the warts, by anoscopy. Podophyllotoxin solution was administered on days 1, 2 and 3 every week (a treatment cycle) for a maximum of 4 weeks. Patients whose warts were not completely eradicated were classified as failures. Follow-up anoscopy was performed monthly for the first 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. Those who relapsed during the follow-up period were retreated. Results, Twenty-two immunocompetent patients entered the study. The primary clearance rate was 22.7, 54.5, 68.1 and 86.3% after 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatment cycles, respectively. During the follow-up period (46, 12,60 months), seven patients (36.8%) relapsed. Four of them were successfully retreated. Thus, a complete cure was achieved in 16 out of 22 patients (72.7%). Adverse side-effects were mild. They included proctalgia in six (27.2%), bleeding in four (17.2%), and both proctalgia and bleeding in two (9%) patients. Conclusions, Endoscopic topical application of 0.5% podophyllotoxin solution is an effective and well-tolerated method for the treatment of condylomata acuminata of the anal canal. [source]

Imiquimod-induced vitiligo in a patient with genital warts

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
C Stefanaki
[source]

Response of predominantly recalcitrant cutaneous warts to topical chemotherapy

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
MDP Davis
[source]

Vulval lymphangiomata mimicking genital warts

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 6 2003
K Al Aboud
ABSTRACT Genital warts can mimic a variety of conditions. We report a middle-aged pregnant woman with lymphangiectatic lesions on the vulva resembling warts. [source]