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Walking Exercise (walking + exercise)
Selected AbstractsIntensity of Nordic Walking in young females with different peak O2 consumptionCLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 5 2009Toivo Jürimäe Summary The purpose of this cross - sectional study was to determine the physiological reaction to the different intensity Nordic Walking exercise in young females with different aerobic capacity values. Twenty-eight 19,24-year-old female university students participated in the study. Their peak O2 consumption (VO2 peak kg,1) and individual ventilatory threshold (IVT) were measured using a continuous incremental protocol until volitional exhaustion on treadmill. The subjects were analysed as a whole group (n = 28) and were also divided into three groups based on the measured VO2 peak kg,1 (Difference between groups is 1 SD) as follows: 1. >46 ml min,1 kg,1 (n = 8), 2. 41,46 ml min,1 kg,1 (n = 12) and 3. <41 ml min,1 kg,1 (n = 8). The second test consisted of four times 1 km Nordic Walking with increasing speed on the 200 m indoor track, performed as a continuous study (Step 1 , slow walking, Step 2 , usual speed walking, Step 3 , faster speed walking and Step 4 , maximal speed walking). During the walking test expired gas was sampled breath-by-breath and heart rate (HR) was recorded continuously. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were asked using the Borg RPE scale separately for every 1 km of the walking test. No significant differences emerged between groups in HR of IVT (172·4 ± 10·3,176·4 ± 4·9 beats min,1) or maximal HR (190·1 ± 7·3,191·6 ± 7·8 beats min,1) during the treadmill test. During maximal speed walking the speed (7·4 ± 0·4,7·5 ± 0·6 km h,1) and O2 consumption (30·4 ± 3·9,34·0 ± 4·5 ml min,1 kg,1) were relatively similar between groups (P > 0·05). However, during maximal speed walking, the O2 consumption in the second and third groups was similar with the IVT (94·9 ± 17·5% and 99·4 ± 15·5%, respectively) but in the first group it was only 75·5 ± 8·0% from IVT. Mean HR during the maximal speed walking was in the first group 151·6 ± 12·5 beats min,1, in the second (169·7 ± 10·3 beats min,1) and the third (173·1 ± 15·8 beats min,1) groups it was comparable with the calculated IVT level. The Borg RPE was very low in every group (11·9 ± 2·0,14·4 ± 2·3) and the relationship with VO2and HR was not significant during maximal speed Nordic Walking. In summary, the present study indicated that walking is an acceptable exercise for young females independent of their initial VO2 peak level. However, females with low initial VO2 peak can be recommended to exercise with the subjective ,faster speed walking'. In contrast, females with high initial VO2 peak should exercise with maximal speed. [source] Ultrasound parameters of bone health and related physical measurement indicators for the community-dwelling elderly in JapanGERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2007Wei Sun Deteriorated bone strength, which approaches osteoporosis, increases the likelihood that an elderly person will not able to live independently. However, few data are available pertaining to bone health and various physical objective indicators. The aim of the present study was to objectively assess bone health by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and identify related physical measurement indicators among the elderly to aid the health promotion strategies in Japan. A cross-sectional study was performed at five welfare centers for the aged in the suburban area of Takatsuki city, Japan. Subjects comprised community-dwelling persons (134 men, 240 women) aged ,60 years and registered at welfare centers. QUS of the right-heel was conducted and recorded as stiffness index (SI). Physical factors including body components (fat and muscle mass), handgrip strength, daily physical activity, daily walking steps, maximum and usual walking speed and maximum bite force were examined objectively during the period May,June 2005. SI in women was lower than that in men (P < 0.01) and decreased significantly with age (P < 0.01). The SI correlated with six physical items in men and with all items in women. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that muscle mass, usual walking speed and maximum bite force were the strongest physical indicators of male SI; and muscle mass, maximum walking speed and maximum bite force were the strongest indicators of female SI. Muscle training, daily walking exercise and oral health care should be included in health promotion programs for the bone health of elderly women and men in Japan. [source] Change in serum COMP concentration due to ambulatory load is not related to knee OA StatusJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 11 2009Annegret Mündermann Abstract The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a change in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration is related to joint load during a 30-min walking exercise in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) and in age-matched control subjects. Blood samples were drawn from 42 patients with medial compartment knee OA and from 41 healthy age-matched control subjects immediately before, immediately after, and 0.5, 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 h after a 30-min walking exercise on a level outdoor walking track at self-selected normal speed. Serum COMP concentrations were determined using a commercial ELISA. Basic time,distance gait variables were recorded using an activity monitor. Joint loads were measured using gait analysis. Serum COMP concentrations increased immediately after the walking exercise (+6.3% and +5.6%; p,<,0.001) and decreased over 5.5 h after the exercise (,11.1% and ,14.6%; p,<,0.040 and p,=,0.001) in patients and control subjects, respectively. The magnitude of increase in COMP concentration did not differ between groups (p,=,0.902) and did not correlate with any variables describing ambulatory loads at the joints of the lower extremity. These results, taken together with a previous study of a younger healthy population, suggest the possibility that the influence of ambulatory loads on cartilage turnover is dependent on age. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1408,1413, 2009 [source] Favorable Impact of a Vegan Diet with Exercise on Hemorheology: Implications for Control of Diabetic NeuropathyJOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 2 2003MF McCarty A little-noticed clinical report indicates that a low-fat, whole-food vegan diet, coupled with daily walking exercise, leads to rapid remission of neuropathic pain in the majority of type 2 diabetics expressing this complication. Concurrent marked improvements in glycemic control presumably contribute to this benefit, but are unlikely to be solely responsible. Consideration should be given to the possibility that improved blood rheology , decreased blood viscosity and increased blood filterability , plays a prominent role in mediating this effect. There is considerable evidence that neural hypoxia, secondary to impaired endoneurial microcirculatory perfusion, is a crucial etiologic factor in diabetic neuropathy; the unfavorable impact of diabetes on hemorheology would be expected to exacerbate endoneurial ischemia. Conversely, measures which improve blood fluidity would likely have a beneficial impact on diabetic neuropathy. There is indeed evidence that vegan diets, as well as exercise training, tend to decrease the viscosity of both whole blood and plasma; reductions in hematocrit and in fibrinogen may contribute to this effect. The fact that vegan diets decrease the white cell count is suggestive of an improvement in blood filterability as well; filterability improves with exercise training owing to an increase in erythrocyte deformability. Whether these measures influence the activation of leukocytes in diabetics , an important determinant of blood filterability , remains to be determined. There are various reasons for suspecting that a vegan diet can reduce risk for other major complications of diabetes , retinopathy, nephropathy, and macrovascular disease , independent of its tendency to improve glycemic control in type 2 patients. The vegan diet/exercise strategy represents a safe, ,low-tech' approach to managing diabetes that deserves far greater attention from medical researchers and practitioners. [source] Functional Electrical Stimulation-Supported Interval Training Following Sensorimotor-Complete Spinal Cord Injury: A Case SeriesNEUROMODULATION, Issue 3 2009Jack Crosbie PhD ABSTRACT Objective.,To investigate the effect of interval training supported by Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) on ambulation ability in complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods.,We trained four men with sensorimotor-complete (ASIA A) SCI, who achieved gait through FES of the quadriceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and common peroneal nerve on each side on a motorized treadmill. Training involved progressive interval walking exercise, consisting of periods of activity followed by equal periods of rest, repeated until muscle fatigue. We used time to muscle fatigue during continuous treadmill ambulation as the primary outcome measure. We also recorded the patterns of incremental stimulation for all training and testing sessions. Results.,All subjects increased their ambulation capacity; however, the responses varied from subject to subject. Some subjects increased the total distance walked by as much as 300% with progressive improvement over the entire training period; however, others made more modest gains and appeared to reach a performance plateau within a few training sessions. Conclusions.,FES-supported interval training offers a useful and effective strategy for strength-endurance improvement in the large muscle groups of the lower limb in motor-complete SCI. We believe that this training protocol offers a viable alternative to that of continuous walking training in people with SCI using FES to aid ambulation. [source] | ||||||||||