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Volatile Sulfur Compounds (volatile + sulfur_compound)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	71%

Selected Abstracts

Oral malodorous compound causes apoptosis and genomic DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2008
K. Yaegaki
Background and Objective:, Volatile sulfur compounds are the main cause of halitosis. Hydrogen sulfide is one of these volatile sulfur compounds and the principal malodorous compound in physiological halitosis. Periodontally pathogenic activities of hydrogen sulfide have been previously reported. Hydrogen sulfide induces apoptotic cell death in aorta smooth muscle cells and in other tissues. Apoptosis plays an important role in the onset and progress of periodontitis. The objective of this study was to determine whether hydrogen sulfide causes apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts. Material and methods:, Necrotic cells were detected using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Apoptosis was ascertained using a histone-complexed DNA fragment assay and flow cytometry. The level of caspase 3, a key enzyme in apoptotic signaling, was also measured, and the effects of hydrogen sulfide on reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase were assessed. DNA damage caused by hydrogen sulfide was examined by means of single-cell gel electrophoresis. Results:, After 72 h of incubation with 100 ng/mL of hydrogen sulfide, necrosis was found in less than 10% of human gingival fibroblasts, whereas apoptosis was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity was strongly inhibited, and reactive oxygen species production was enhanced, after 48 and 72 h of incubation. Caspase 3 activity was also increased after 72 h of incubation (p < 0.01). Tail length, percentage of DNA in tail, and tail moment, measured by single-cell gel electrophoresis, were also intensified after 72 h of incubation (p < 0.001). Conclusion:, Hydrogen sulfide caused apoptosis and DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts. An increased level of reactive oxygen species stimulated by hydrogen sulfide may induce apoptosis and DNA strand breaks. [source]

Hydrogen sulfide inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest via an elevated p21Cip1 level in Ca9-22 cells

JOURNAL OF PERIODONTAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008
H. Takeuchi
Background and Objective:, Volatile sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) are the main causes of oral malodor. However, the physiological functions of H2S have not been investigated in oral tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H2S on cell proliferation and the cell cycle in oral epithelial-like cells. Material and Methods:, Ca9-22 cells were used in this study. Cells were cultured in 5% CO2/95% air with (5 or 10 ng/mL) or without H2S. DNA synthesis was measured using a 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cell cycle was analyzed using a flow cytometer. The expressions of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 were evaluated by western blotting. Results:, Exposure to 5 and 10 ng/mL of H2S significantly decreased DNA synthesis (p < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis also showed that exposure to both concentrations of H2S significantly increased the proportion of cells in G1 phase (p < 0.001) and significantly decreased the proportion of cells in S phase (p < 0.01). Western blotting showed that Rb phosphorylation was reduced and p21Cip1 was enhanced by exposure to H2S. Conclusion:, The results indicated that H2S inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest via the expression of p21Cip1 in Ca9-22 cells. [source]

Chiral Multidimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) and Chiral GC,Olfactometry with a Double-Cool-Strand Interface: Application to Malodors

CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 2 2006
Frédéric Begnaud
Abstract Volatile sulfur compounds such as 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (1) are largely responsible for axillary-sweat malodors. In this work, we describe the determination of the enantiomer ratio of the trace constituent 1 and the odor description of its antipodes (R)- and (S)- 1 by means of multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) in combination with chiral gas chromatography,olfactometry (GC-O). This technique allowed the on-line evaluation of the sensory character of both enantiomers via a sniffing port, and is based on a novel double-cool-strand interface (DCSI). First, the system's inertness was tested towards the labile compound 2-methylfuran-3-thiol (MFT; 2). Then, the DCSI was used in a new configuration to achieve olfactive characterization by means of chiral GC-O. In contrast to direct smelling after the chiral column, our technique allows, for the first time, to significantly delay the perception of the second-eluting enantiomer after the first one. This lowers the risk of sensory saturation, as the panelist can recover from the first stimulus, before evaluating the second one. To help programming the DCSI, a dedicated program was set up. The enantiomer ratio of the sweat malodor 1 was determined as (S)/(R) 3,:,1, and the dominating (S)-isomer was shown to largely impart its specific character to the overall odor of the sweat extract. [source]

Relationship between periodontal pocket sulfide levels and subgingival species

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 11 2003
G. Torresyap
Abstract Background: Many species implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). This investigation examined the relationship between levels of sulfide and subgingival bacterial species in the same periodontal pockets. Material and Methods: Twenty chronic periodontitis subjects were measured clinically at six sites per tooth for plaque, gingivitis, bleeding on probing, suppuration, pocket depth and attachment level. Subgingival plaque samples, taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth, were individually analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization. Sulfide levels were measured at the same sites using a Diamond Probe/Perio 2000 system. Clinical and microbiological data were averaged for sulfide-positive and -negative sites separately in each subject and then averaged across subjects. Significance differences in clinical and microbial parameters between sulfide-positive and -negative sites were sought using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: Mean total DNA probe counts (×105, ±SEM) at sulfide-negative and -positive sites were 44.0±9.9 and 65.0±13.3, respectively (p<0.01). Seventeen species were found at significantly higher levels in sulfide-positive than -negative sites. These included abundant producers of VSC such as members of the genera Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Treponema and Eubacterium, and Bacteriodes forsythus, Selenomonas noxia and Propionibacterium acnes. Prevotella intermedia, Bacteriodes forsythus, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii and Treponema denticola exhibited the greatest difference in mean counts between sulfide-negative and -positive sites. Orange and red complex species were at higher counts at shallow (<4 mm) sulfide-positive than shallow sulfide-negative sites. Although not statistically significant, mean clinical parameters were somewhat higher at sulfide-positive than sulfide-negative sites. Conclusions: Intra-pocket sulfide levels reflect the levels of sulfide-producing species and may provide useful diagnostic information. Zusammenfassung Grundlagen: Viele Spezies, die mit der Pathogenese der Parodontalerkrankung verbunden sind produzieren flüchtige Schwefelkomponenten (VSC). Diese Studie untersuchte die Verbindung zwischen dem Sulfid-Niveau und subgingivalen Spezies in den gleichen parodontalen Taschen. Methode: 20 Patienten mit chronischer Parodontitis wurden an 6 Stellen pro Zahn klinisch befundet hinsichtlich Plaque, Gingivitis, BOP, Eiterentleerung, Taschentiefe und Attachmentniveau. Unter Verwendung der Schachbrett-DNA,DNA-Hybridisierung wurden subgingivale Plaqueproben von der mesialen Stelle eines jeden Zahns individuell hinsichtlich des Vorkommens von 40 bakteriellen Spezies untersucht. An der gleichen Stelle wurde mittels des Diamond Probe/Perio 2000 Systems das Niveau des Sulfids gemessen. Von den klinischen und mikrobiologischen Daten wurden bei jedem Patienten getrennt für Sulfid-positiv und Sulfid-negativ ein Durchschnitt gebildet und anschließend der Durchschnitt für alle Patienten berechnet. Nach signifikanten Unterschieden in den klinischen und mikrobiologischen Parametern zwischen Sulfid-positiven und Sulfid-negativen Stellen wurde unter Verwendung des Wilcoxon signed ranks Test gesucht. Ergebnisse: Die mittlere Bakterienanzahl mit Gesamt-DNA-Sonden (× 105, ±SEM) betrug an den Sulfid-negativen Stellen und Sulfid-positiven Stellen 44.0±9.9 bzw. 65.0±13.3 (p<0.01). Bei 17 Spezies wurde ein signifikant höheres Niveau in den Sulfid-positiven Stellen vorgefunden. Die umfasste Bakterien die reichlich VSC produzieren, wie Mitglieder der Genera Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Treponema und Eubacterium und B. forsythus, S. noxia und P. acnes. P. intermedia, B. forsythus, P. nigrescens, F. nucleatum ssvincentii und T. denticola zeigten den größten Unterschied zwischen Sulfid-positiven und Sulfid-negativen Stellen in der durchschnittlichen Bakterienanzahl. Spezies des orangen und roten Komplexes lagen in höherer Anzahl in flachen (<4 mm) Sulfid-positiven, als in flachen Sulfid-negativen Taschen vor. Obwohl statistisch nicht signifikant, lagen die durchschnittlichen klinischen Parameter bei den Sulfid-positiven etwas höher als bei den Sulfid-negativen Taschen Schlussfolgerungen: Die innerhalb der Taschen gemessenen Sufiid-Niveaus spiegeln das Niveau der Sulfid-produzierenden Spezies wieder und könnten eine nützliche diagnostische Information liefern. Résumé Plusieurs espèces impliquées dans la pathogenèse de la maladie parodontale produisent des composés de sulfate volatiles (VSC). Cette étude examine la relation entre les niveaux de sulfate et les espèces bactériennes sous-gingivales dans les mêmes poches parodontales. Vingt sujets avec parodontite chronique ont subi un examen clinique au niveau de six sites par dent pour la plaque dentaire, la gingivite, la profondeur de poche au sondage (BOP), la suppuration, la profondeur de poche et le niveau d'attache. Des échantillons de plaque sous-gingivale prélevés en mésial de chaque dent ont été analysés individuellement pour leur contenu de 40 espèces bactériennes à l'aide de l'hybridisation ADN-ADN croisée. Les niveaux de sulfate ont été mesurés au niveau des mêmes sites par le système de sonde Diamond/Perio 2000. Les moyennes des données cliniques et microbiologiques ont étéétablies pour les sites sulfate positif et négatif chez chaque sujet et par sujet. Des différences significatives dans les paramètres cliniques et microbiologiques entre les sites sulfate positif et négatif ont été observées via le test de Wilcoxon. Les moyennes totales des comptes de la sonde ADN (x105,+/,ES) au niveau des sites sulfate négatif et positif étaient respectivement de 44,0 +/,9,9 et 65,0+/,13,3 (p<0,01). Dix sept espèces ont été trouvées à des niveaux hautement plus significatifs dans des sites sulfate positif que négatif. Ceux-ci comprennaient d'abondants producteurs de VSC tels que les Fusobacterium, Catnpylobacter, Prevotella, Treponema, Eubacterium, B. forsythus, S. noxia etP. acnes, P. intermedia, B. forsythus, P. nigrescens, F. nucleatum ss vincentii et T. denticola qui montraient la plus grande différence dans la moyenne des comptes entre les sites sulfate négatif et positif. Les espèces complexe orange et rouge étaient plus nombreuses dans les sites de faible profondeur (<4 mm) sulfate positif que dans les sites peu profonds sulfate négatif. Bien que statistiquement non significative la moyenne des paramètres cliniques a été quelque peu plus élevée au niveau des sites sulfate positif qu'au niveau des négatifs. Les niveaux de sulfate intrapoche reflètent les niveaux des espèces produisant du sulfate et pourraient apporter une information de diagnostic pratique. [source]

Clinical effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosis

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2003
A dual-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study
Abstract Objectives:, The aim of this double-blind, parallel study was to test the clinical efficacy of a newly developed mouthrinse in the treatment of oral halitosis in patients without periodontitis. Material and methods:, Forty volunteers, recruited in two centers, participated in this study. Patients were selected on the basis of (1) halitosis of oral origin, (2) full-mouth organoleptic score>1, using an arbitrary 0,5 scale, (3) level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC)>170 parts per billion (ppb) and (4) Winkel tongue coating index (WTCI)>4 (0,12). Intervention included gargling with a mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine (0.05%), cetylpyridinium chloride (0.05%) and zinc-lactate (0.14%) or with a placebo mouthrinse without active ingredients. At days 0 and 14 clinical variables were assessed in order of performance: (1) organoleptic assessments, (2) levels of VSC, and (3) WTCI. Results:, Treatment with the active mouthrinse resulted in a significant mean reduction in the organoleptic score from 2.8 to 1.5 (p<0.005). In the placebo group, no significant reduction in the mean organoleptic score occurred. Consequently, this resulted, after 2 weeks, in a greater change of the organoleptic scores in the test group in comparison to the placebo group (p<0.005). The mean VSC scores were reduced from 292 to 172 ppb in the test group (p<0.005), whereas no reduction was observed in the placebo group. At the 2-week examination, the mean change of the VSC scores in the test group was significantly greater than the mean change in the placebo group (p<0.005). Neither in the test nor in the placebo group a significant reduction in tongue coating was observed. Conclusions:, In conclusion, the tested mouthrinse is effective in the treatment of oral halitosis. Zusammenfassung Klinischer Effekt einer neuartigen Chlorhexidin, Cetylpyridiniumchlorid und Zinklaktat enthaltenden Mundspüllösung auf Mundgeruch. Eine bizentrische plazebokontrollierte Doppelblindstudie Zielsetzung: Untersuchung der klinischen Wirksamkeit einer neu entwickelten Mundspüllösung für die Behandlung von Mundgeruch bei Patienten, die keine Parodontitis haben, mittels einer parallelarmigen Doppelblindstudie. Material und Methoden: 40 Freiwillige, die an 2 Zentren rekrutiert wurden, nahmen an dieser Studie teil. Die Patienten wurden nach folgenden Kriterien ausgewählt: 1) Mundgeruch, 2) organoleptischer Wert der gesamten Mundhöhle > 1 auf einer arbiträren Skala von 0 bis 5, 3) Spiegel flüchtiger Schwefelverbindungen (VSC) > 170 parts per billion (ppb), 4) Winkel Zungenbelagsindex (WTCI) > 4 (0-12). Die Therapie umfasste Gurgeln mit einer Mundspüllösung, die Chlorhexidin (0,05%), Cetylpyridiniumchlorid (0,05%) und Zinklaktat (0.14%) enthielt oder mit einer Plazebospüllösung, die keine aktiven Bestandteile aufwies. Am Tag 0 und 14 wurden klinische Parameter in folgender Reihenfolge erhoben: 1) organoleptische Messungen, 2) VSC-Spiegel, 3) WTCI. Ergebnisse: Die Behandlung mit der aktiven Spüllösung resultierte in einer signifikanten mittleren Reduktion des organoleptischen Werts von 2,8 auf 1,5 (p<0,005), während in der Plazebogruppe keine signifikante Verringerung des mittleren organoleptischen Werts beobachtet wurde. Konsequenterweise ergab sich nach 2 Wochen in der Testgruppe eine stärkere Veränderung des organoleptischen Werts als in der Plazebogruppe (p<0,005). Der mittlere VSC-Wert wurde in der Testgruppe von 292 auf 172 ppb reduziert (p<0,005), während in der Plazebogruppe keine Veränderung auftrat. Nach 2 Wochen wurde in der Testgruppe eine signifikant stärkere Veränderung des VSC-Werts beobachtet als in der Kontrollgruppe (p<0,005). Weder in der Test- noch in der Plazebogruppe wurde eine signifikante Reduktion des Zungenbelags beobachtet. Schlussfolgerung: Die untersuchte Mundspüllösung ist wirksam zur Behandlung von Mundgeruch. Résumé Effets cliniques d'un nouveau bain de bouche contenant de la chlorhexidine, du chlorure de cetylpyridinium et du lactate de zinc sur l'halitose buccale. Une étude bi-centrique contrôlée par placebo en double aveugle. Objectifs: Le but de cette étude bi-centrique en double aveugle en parallèle était de tester l'efficacité clinique d'un bain de bouche récemment développé pour le traitement de l'halitose buccale sans parodontite. Matériel & Méthodes: 40 volontaires recrutés dans deux centres ont participéà cette étude. Les patients ont été sélectionnés sur les critères suivants : 1) halitose d'origine buccale, 2) score organoleptique de la bouche complète > 1, en utilisant une échelle arbitraire allant de 0 à 5, 3) un niveau de composés volatiles sulfurés (VSC) > 170 portions par billion (ppb) 4) un indice de recouvrement de la langue de Winkel (WTCI) > 4 (0,12). L'intervention comprenait un gargarisme avec un bain de bouche contenant de la chlorhexidine (0.05%), du chlorure de cetylpyridinium (0.05%) et du lactate de zinc (0.14%) ou avec un placebo sans ingrédients actifs. Au jours 0 et 14 les paramètres cliniques furent relevés pour l'ordre d'exécution 1) estimation organoleptique 2)niveaux de VSC, 3) WTCI. Résultats: le traitement avec le bain de bouche actif résultait en une réduction moyenne significative du score organoleptique de 2.8 à 1.5 (p < 0.005). Dans le groupe placebo, aucune réduction significative du score moyen organoleptique n'était par contre relevée. En consequence, ceci impliquait après 2 semaines un changement plus grand des scores organoleptiques dans le groupe test par rapport par rapport au groupe placebo (p < 0.005). Les scores moyens de VSC étaient réduits de 292 à 172 ppb dans le groupe test (p < 0.005), alors qu'aucune diminution n'était observée dans le groupe placebo. Lors de l'examen à 2 semaines, le changement moyen des scores de VSC dans le groupe test était significativement plus importants que le changement moyen dans le groupe placebo. (p < 0.005). Aucune réduction significative du recouvrement de la langue n'était par contre observée, ni dans le groupe test, ni dans le groupe placebo. Conclusions: En conclusion, Le bain de bouche testé est efficace pour le traitement de l'halitose. [source]

Oral malodorous compound causes apoptosis and genomic DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts

3-Methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol as a Major Descriptor for the Human Axilla-Sweat Odour Profile

CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 7 2004
Myriam Troccaz
This study sets out to redress the lack of knowledge in the area of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in axillary sweat malodour. Sterile odourless underarm sweat (500,ml) was collected from 30 male volunteers after excessive sweating. Five strains of bacteria, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Corynebacterium minutissimum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Bacillus licheniformis, were isolated and characterised for their ability to generate an authentic axillary odour from the sweat material collected. As expected, all of the five bacterial strains produced strong sweat odours. Surprisingly, after extensive olfactive evaluation, the strain of Staphylococcus haemolyticus produced the most sulfury sweat character. This strain was then chosen as the change agent for the 500,ml of odourless underarm sweat collected. After bacterial incubation, the 500-ml sample was further processed for GC-olfactometry (GC-O), GC/MS analysis. GC-O of an extract free of organic acids provided three zones of interest. The first was chicken-sulfury, the second zone was onion-like, and the third zone was sweat, clary sage-like. From the third zone, a new impact molecule, (R)- or (S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, was isolated and identified by GC/MS, MD-GC, and GC AED (atomic emission detector). (S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol was sniff-evaluated upon elution from a chiral GC column and was described as sweat and onion-like; its opposite enantiomer, (R)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, was described as fruity and grapefruit-like. The (S)-form was found to be the major enantiomer (75%). [source]