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Vitro Sensitivity (vitro + sensitivity)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

In vitro and in vivo evaluation and a case report of intense nanosecond pulsed electric field as a local therapy for human malignancies

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 3 2007
Edward B. Garon
Abstract When delivered to cells, very short duration, high electric field pulses (nanoelectropulses) induce primarily intracellular events. We present evidence that this emerging modality may have a role as a local cancer therapy. Five hematologic and 16 solid tumor cell lines were pulsed in vitro. Hematologic cells proved particularly sensitive to nanoelectropulses, with more than a 60% decrease in viable cells measured by MTT assay 96 hr after pulsing in 4 of 5 cell lines. In solid tumor cell lines, 10 out of 16 cell lines had more than a 10% decrease in viable cells. AsPC-1, a pancreatic cancer cell line, demonstrated the greatest in vitro sensitivity among solid tumor cell lines, with a 64% decrease in viable cells. When nanoelectropulse therapy was applied to AsPC-1 tumors in athymic nude mice, responses were seen in 4 of 6 tumors, including clinical complete responses in 3 of 6 animals. A single human subject applied nanoelectropulse therapy to his own basal cell carcinoma and had a complete pathologic response. In summary, we demonstrate that electric pulses 20 ns or less kill a wide variety of human cancer cells in vitro, induce tumor regression in vivo, and show efficacy in a single human patient. Therefore, nanoelectropulse therapy deserves further study as a potentially effective cancer therapy. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L

JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 4 2008
R B Shivappa
Abstract Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is a rhabdovirus associated with systemic illness and mortality in cyprinids. Several diagnostic tests are available for detection of SVCV. However, most of these tests are time consuming and are not well adapted for field-based diagnostics. In this study, a diagnostic tool for SVCV detection based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has been developed. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein (G) gene of SVCV North Carolina (NC) isolate, four sets (each set containing two outer and two inner) of primers were designed. Temperature and time conditions were optimized to 65 °C and 60 min, respectively, for LAMP and RT-LAMP using one primer set. In vitro specificity was evaluated using four different strains of fish rhabdoviruses and RT-LAMP was found to be specific to SVCV. Serial dilutions of SVCV NC isolate was used to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of RT-LAMP. Sensitivity of the assays was similar to RT-PCR and detected SVCV even at the lowest dilution of 101 TCID50 mL,1. The ability of RT-LAMP to detect SVCV from infected carp was also tested and the assay detected SVCV from all infected fish. The isothermal temperature requirements, high specificity and sensitivity, and short incubation time of the RT-LAMP assay make it an excellent choice as a field diagnostic test for SVCV. [source]

In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from EUS-affected fishes in India

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2002
D. Saha
Aims:,Twelve antibiotics were evaluated for in vitro sensitivity against 16 bacterial strains isolated from surface lesions of fishes affected with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS). Methods and Results:,Disc diffusion assay in Mueller-Hinton agar showed that the pseudomonads and aeromonads were mainly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin. Additionally, some were resistant to gentamycin and amoxycillin. However, resistance towards antibiotics previously recommended for EUS treatment, such as oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol, was not observed. Four aeromonads and two pseudomonads were found to induce ulcers when injected intramuscularly in healthy Anabas testudineus. Conclusions:,All six pathogenic isolates were sensitive towards oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid. Oxytetracycline seems to be an effective antibiotic, and further investigations to determine the mode of treatment and dose appear to be worthwhile. [source]

Acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus pneumonia post-unrelated stem cell transplantation: A word of caution

PEDIATRIC TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 8 2007
Haydar Frangoul
Abstract: HSV causes serious complications in immunocompromised patients, especially SCT recipients. Although ACV is an effective antiviral prophylaxis, the emergence of ACV resistance is a growing problem. The authors describe two cases of fatal ACV-resistant HSV in two pediatric patients following unrelated donor SCT. Despite the in vitro sensitivity of the HSV isolates to foscarnet, both patients failed to respond to foscarnet therapy. Other antiviral therapies should be considered in those patients who fail to show rapid clinical improvement. [source]

Selective apoptosis of natural killer-cell tumours by l -asparaginase

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2005
Miki Ando
Summary We examined the effectiveness of various anti-tumour agents to natural killer (NK)-cell tumour cell lines and samples, which are generally resistant to chemotherapy, using flow cytometric terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay. Although NK-YS and NK-92 were highly resistant to various anti-tumour agents, l -asparaginase induced apoptosis in these two NK-cell lines. NK-cell leukaemia/lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) samples were selectively sensitive to l -asparaginase and to doxorubicin (DXR) respectively. Samples of chronic NK lymphocytosis, an NK-cell disorder with an indolent clinical course, were resistant to both drugs. Our study clearly separated two major categories of NK-cell disorders and ALL according to the sensitivity to DXR and l -asparaginase. We examined asparagine synthetase levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) and immunostaining in these samples. At least in nasal-type NK-cell lymphoma, there was a good correlation among asparagine synthetase expression, in vitro sensitivity and clinical response to l -asparaginase. In aggressive NK-cell leukaemia, although asparagine synthetase expression was high at both mRNA and protein levels, l -asparaginase induced considerable apoptosis. Furthermore, samples of each disease entity occupied a distinct area in two-dimensional plotting with asparagine synthetase mRNA level (RQ-PCR) and in vitrol -asparaginase sensitivity (TUNEL assay). We confirmed rather specific anti-tumour activity of l -asparaginase against NK-cell tumours in vitro, which provides an experimental background to the clinical use of l -asparaginase for NK-cell tumours. [source]