Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Virus Species (virus + species)
Selected AbstractsIsoelectric points of virusesJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010B. Michen Summary Viruses as well as other (bio-)colloids possess a pH-dependent surface charge in polar media such as water. This electrostatic charge determines the mobility of the soft particle in an electric field and thus governs its colloidal behaviour which plays a major role in virus sorption processes. The pH value at which the net surface charge switches its sign is referred to as the isoelectric point (abbreviations: pI or IEP) and is a characteristic parameter of the virion in equilibrium with its environmental water chemistry. Here, we review the IEP measurements of viruses that replicate in hosts of kingdom plantae, bacteria and animalia. IEPs of viruses are found in pH range from 1·9 to 8·4; most frequently, they are measured in a band of 3·5 < IEP < 7. However, the data appear to be scattered widely within single virus species. This discrepancy is discussed and should be considered when IEP values are used to account for virus sorption processes. [source] Newly identified respiratory viruses in children with asthma exacerbation not requiring admission to hospitalJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 8 2010Katherine E. Arden Abstract There are few data describing the comprehensive identification in and influence of newly identified respiratory viruses on asthma exacerbations. Most studies focus on inpatients. In this preliminary study, the point prevalence and the associations of picornavirus species described recently and human bocavirus (HBoV) with the recovery from exacerbations in non-hospitalized asthmatic children (median age 5.1 years) were examined. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were present in 52.6% of specimens, HBoV-1 was in 7.7%. Viral co-detections occurred in 25.6% of children and were associated (P,=,0.04) with lower asthma quality of life scores upon presentation than were single viral detections. The undifferentiated presence or absence of virus did not influence the severity of asthma or recovery however when virus species were examined individually, specific clinical associations emerged. HRV species C (HRV-Cs) were the viruses most frequently detected as single virus detections. Among 41 genotyped HRVs, more HRV-Cs (n,=,23) were identified than HRV-As (n,=,16) however HRV-A detection was associated (P,=,0.01) with worse asthma symptoms and cough for longer than was HRV-C detection. Larger, PCR-based studies are required to elucidate further the true impact of HRV species in childhood asthma exacerbations of both hospitalized and non-hospitalized cohorts. J. Med. Virol. 82:1458,1461, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Development of a consensus microarray method for identification of some highly pathogenic virusesJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 11 2009Kang Xiao-Ping Abstract Some highly pathogenic viruses, such as Chikungunya virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, Hanta virus, SARS-CoV, and H5N1 avian influenza virus can cause severe infectious diseases. However, the consensus method for detecting these viruses has not been well established. A rapid and sensitive microarray approach for detection of these viruses and a panel of specific probes covering nine genera and 16 virus species were designed. 70-mer oligonucleotides were used at the genus level and 50-mer oligonucleotides were at the species level, respectively. To decrease the interference of the host genome in hybridization, the consensus genus primers were designed and used to reverse transcribe only virus genome. The synthesis of the second strand was carried out with a random primer sequence (5,-GTTTCCCAGTAGGTCTCNNNNNNNN-3,). The amplified products were labeled and processed for microarray analyses. This microarray-based method used the highly conserved consensus primers to synthesize specifically the virus cDNA and could identify effectively Chikungunya virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus, Tick borne encephalitis virus, and H5N1 avian influenza virus. Using this method, one unknown virus isolated from pig brain in Shanxi Province, China was identified. This method may have an important potential application for the diagnosis of virus infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1945,1950, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Characterization of Potato rough dwarf virus and Potato virus P: distinct strains of the same viral species in the genus CarlavirusPLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2006C. Nisbet In an attempt to resolve whether two putative carlaviruses, potato rough dwarf virus (PRDV) and potato virus P (PVP), reported infecting potato in Argentina and Brazil, respectively, are the same virus in the genus Carlavirus, they were characterized using nucleotide sequence analysis, serology and bioassay. For PRDV and PVP, sequences of 2016 and 1492 bp, respectively, were obtained. Similarity searches of coat-protein amino acid sequences and the presence of the nucleic-acid-binding protein exhibiting the characteristic motif C-X2 -C-X11 -C-X4 -C, highly conserved in carlaviruses, showed PRDV and PVP to be members of the genus Carlavirus. Further analysis showed that they were the same virus species since the full coat-protein sequence, translated from the nucleotide sequence, exceeded the 84% minimum identity required for members of the same species within the genus Carlavirus, at 90·8% identity in an ungapped alignment of 304 amino acids. Moreover, the viruses could not be distinguished using polyclonal antibodies raised to PRDV and PVP in ELISA. They could, however, be distinguished using an anti-PVP monoclonal antibody, which did not react to PRDV, and by differences in the susceptibility of plant species and potato cultivars to infection and/or symptom expression following mechanical inoculation. Host plants Datura metel, Nicandra physalodes and Nicotiana edwardsonii were reliably infected systemically with PVP, but not with PRDV. Although all potato cultivars tested were infected, there were marked differences between cultivars in the symptoms produced. The cultivars Ditta and King Edward showed symptoms (including stunting and mottle) when infected with PRDV, but not when infected with PVP. Based on the results, it is proposed that PRDV is a strain of PVP within the genus Carlavirus. For detection of the viruses in postentry quarantine, it is recommended that PRDV or PVP polyclonal antibodies are used, together with inoculation to Nicotiana occidentalis N. megalosiphon -P1. For differentiation of PRDV and PVP, the PVP monoclonal antibody may be used together with inoculation to D. metel and N. physalodes (systemic infection with PVP but not PRDV, determined using ELISA). [source] | ||||||||||