Very Suitable (very + suitable)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Seismic response of three-dimensional r/c multi-storey frame building under uni- and bi-directional input ground motion

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 12 2007
Gennaro Magliulo
Abstract This paper deals with seismic analysis of plan-asymmetric r/c frame multi-storey buildings. Non-linear numerical analyses are carried out by using a lumped plasticity model for beams and a multi-spring model for columns, the latter one introduced to account for axial force,biaxial bending moment interaction. A comparison between numerical analyses and experimental test results is reported in order to calibrate the numerical model, showing that the adopted model is very suitable. In order to study the effects of the earthquake orthogonal component, the seismic response of the modelled structure under uni-directional excitation is compared to the one under bi-directional excitation. Such comparison shows that the maximum base shear and the top displacement are not very sensitive to the presence of the orthogonal component, which, conversely, leads to large increase in the column plastic excursions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Electroanalytical Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations on Highly Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes Using Square-Wave Adsorptive Voltammetry

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 18 2008
Francisco, Wirley
Abstract The electrochemical oxidation of promethazine hydrochloride was made on highly boron-doped diamond electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that the oxidation mechanisms involved the formation of an adsorbed product that is more readily oxidized, producing a new peak with lower potential values whose intensity can be increased by applying the accumulation potential for given times. The parameters were optimized and the highest current intensities were obtained by applying +0.78,V for 30 seconds. The square-wave adsorptive voltammetry results obtained in BR buffer showed two well-defined peaks, dependent on the pH and on the voltammetric parameters. The best responses were obtained at pH,4.0, frequency of 50,s,1, step of 2,mV, and amplitude of 50,mV. Under these conditions, linear responses were obtained for concentrations from 5.96×10,7 to 4.76×10,6,mol L,1, and calculated detection limits of 2.66×10,8,mol L,1 (8.51,,g L,1) for peak 1 and of 4.61×10,8,mol L,1 (14.77,,g L,1) for peak 2. The precision and accuracy were evaluated by repeatability and reproducibility experiments, which yielded values of less than 5.00% for both voltammetric peaks. The applicability of this procedure was tested on commercial formulations of promethazine hydrochloride by observing the stability, specificity, recovery and precision of the procedure in complex samples. All results obtained were compared to recommended procedure by British Pharmacopeia. The voltammetric results indicate that the proposed procedure is stable and sensitive, with good reproducibility even when the accumulation steps involve short times. It is therefore very suitable for the development of the electroanalytical procedure, providing adequate sensitivity and a reliable method. [source]


Heavy Metals in Matrices of Food Interest: Sequential Voltammetric Determination at Trace and Ultratrace Level of Copper, Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Arsenic, Selenium, Manganese and Iron in Meals

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 18 2004
Clinio Locatelli
Abstract The voltammetric methods are very suitable and versatile techniques for the simultaneous metal determination in complex matrices. The present work, regarding the sequential determination of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), As(III), Se(IV) by square-wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) and Mn(II), Fe(III) by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) in matrices involved in foods and food chain as wholemeal, wheat and maize meal, are an interesting example of the possibility to sequentially determine each single element in real samples. Besides the set up of the analytical method, particular attention is aimed either at the problem of possible signal interference or to show that, using the peak area Ap as instrumental datum, it is possible to achieve lower limits of detection. The analytical procedure was verified by the analysis of the standard reference materials: Wholemeal BCR-CRM 189, Wheat Flour NIST-SRM 1567a and Rice Flour NIST-SRM 1568a. Precision, as repeatability, and accuracy, expressed as relative standard deviation and relative error, respectively, were lower than 6% in all cases. In the presence of reciprocal interference, the standard addition method considerably improved the resolution of the voltammetric technique. Once set up on the standard reference materials, the analytical procedure was transferred and applied to commercial meals sampled on market for sale. A critical comparison with spectroscopic measurements is also discussed. [source]


Amalgam Electrodes for Electroanalysis

ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 8 2003
Řyvind Mikkelsen
Abstract Liquid mercury is a unique material for the indicator electrode in voltammetry. One reason for this is the high overvoltage for hydrogen formation, thus extending the actual potential window. Diluted amalgams are important reaction products in voltammetric (polarographic) processes, however liquid amalgams are rarely used directly as electrode material for analytical purposes. Because of the fact that voltammetry is very suitable for field and remote monitoring, issues concerning the use of mercury electrodes in environmental analyses have led to considerable research effort aimed at finding alternative tools with acceptable performance. Solid electrodes are such alternatives. Different types of electrodes are reviewed. In particular, solid amalgam electrodes are very promising, with acceptable low toxicity to be used for field measurements. Solid amalgam electrodes are easy and cheap to construct and are stable over a reasonable time up to several weeks. Assessment of the toxicity risk and the long time stability for remote and unattended monitoring is discussed. The differences between solid dental amalgam electrodes, made by using techniques known from dental clinical practice, and mercury film or mercury layer electrodes on solid substrates are reviewed. In particular the dental technique for constructing solid amalgam electrodes gives advantage because it's fast and inexpensive. Also the technique for making dental amalgam has been explored and optimized over years by dentists, giving advantage when the same technique is used for constructing electrodes. Dental amalgam electrodes has been found to act similar to a silver electrodes, but with high overvoltage towards hydrogen. This make it possible to use the dental amalgam electrode for detection of zinc, cobalt and nickel in additions to other metals like lead, copper, thallium, cadmium, bismuth, iron etc. Also the use for reducible organic compounds is expected to be promising. [source]


A computerized procedure for long-life fatigue assessment under complex multiaxial loading

FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES, Issue 3 2001
B. Li
A computerized procedure is presented and evaluated for application examples of long-life fatigue analyses of metallic materials under complex multiaxial loading. The method is based on the stress invariants and uses the minimum circumscribed ellipse approach for evaluating the effective shear stress amplitude under complex multiaxial loading. The applicability of the procedure for handling non-proportional loading is examined through typical examples such as combined normal/shear stresses and combined bi-axial normal stresses with complex stress time histories. The effects of phase shift angles, frequency ratios and waveforms on fatigue endurance were re-analysed and compared with available experimental results from the literature. The comparison shows that the presented procedure based on stress invariants is a potential conservative engineering approach, very suitable for fast fatigue evaluation in the integrated computer aided fatigue design. [source]


A lattice Boltzmann-BGK algorithm for a diffusion equation with Robin boundary condition,application to NMR relaxation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 4 2009
A. Hiorth
Abstract We present a lattice Boltzmann-BGK (LBGK) algorithm for a diffusion equation together with a Robin boundary condition, which we apply in the case of nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation. The boundary condition we employ is independent of the direction of the wall. This makes the algorithm very suitable for complicated geometries, such as porous media. We discuss the effect of lattice topology by using, respectively, an eight-speed and a four-speed lattice. The numerical algorithm is compared with analytical results for a square and an equilateral triangle. The eight-speed lattice performs well in both cases. The four-speed lattice performs well for the square, but fails in the case of an equilateral triangle. Comparison with a random walk algorithm is also included. The LBGK algorithm presented here can also be used for a convective diffusion problem if the speed of the fluid can be neglected close to the boundary. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


A novel global optimization technique for high dimensional functions

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, Issue 4 2009
Crina Grosan
Several types of line search methods are documented in the literature and are well known for unconstraint optimization problems. This paper proposes a modified line search method, which makes use of partial derivatives and restarts the search process after a given number of iterations by modifying the boundaries based on the best solution obtained at the previous iteration (or set of iterations). Using several high-dimensional benchmark functions, we illustrate that the proposed line search restart (LSRS) approach is very suitable for high-dimensional global optimization problems. Performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with two popular global optimization approaches, namely, genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization method. Empirical results for up to 2000 dimensions clearly illustrate that the proposed approach performs very well for the tested high-dimensional functions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]


Gellan,adipic acid blends crosslinked by means of a dehydrothermal treatment

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010
Niccoletta Barbani
Abstract Blends of gellan gum (GE) and adipic acid (ADA), at various ratios, were manufactured in the form of films by casting from aqueous solutions and crosslinked by a dehydrothermal treatment (DHT). The materials, before and after DHT, were characterized by both physicochemical tests and cellular adhesion and growth on the film surfaces. The total reflection and spotlight Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and optical and scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of both GE-rich and ADA-rich regions and the formation of ester groups after DHT. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the crosslinking by DHT made the materials more thermally stable. The swelling in water, which diminished in the films subjected to DHT, confirmed that the crosslinking enhanced the whole stability of the material. DMA also showed that the behavior of the GE,ADA blends was quite similar to that of some living tissues, such as the skin. The cell cultures indicated that the materials, especially that with a 6 : 10 ADA-to-GE ratio, were very able to promote cellular adhesion and proliferation. In conclusion, the GE,ADA crosslinked blends appeared very suitable for a use as biomaterials; in particular, the cell cultures indicated that they might be useful as scaffolds for tissue reconstruction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 [source]


SENSORY APPROACH TO MEASURE FRAGRANCE INTENSITY ON THE SKIN

JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 6 2009
CLAUDIA SILVA CORTEZ-PEREIRA
ABSTRACT Sensory analysis is a precise and descriptive measuring technique to quantify human responses to stimuli. Odor, one of these stimuli, is basically the result of the interaction between a chemical stimulus and the olfactory receptor system, which can be described using a number of different dimensions and measures through different sensory tests: threshold, intensity and quality. To measure fragrance performance on the skin, these parameters are very important, but the main attribute to be evaluated is substantivity, thus the importance of the sensory scale chosen to measure perception, discriminate different intensities and determine the substantivity of the fragrance. Some studies comparing the labeled magnitude scale (LMS) with other magnitude scales and their derivations showed that the use of the LMS scale to measure fragrance intensity could semantically understand the intensity of the stimulus. Tests using this scale confirmed the applicability and efficiency of the LMS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The objective of this article is to review the techniques used to measure odor and fragrance intensities applied on the skin. The review shows general sensory techniques and their goals, the newest olfactory mechanism and its contribution to sensory evaluation and which attributes should be considered to measure odor. Substantivity/retentivity or longevity can be regarded as the most important attributes if you want to measure fragrance performance on the skin. Past studies showed different scales tested to measure odor, and some of them demonstrated that the labeled magnitude scale is very suitable to measure fragrance on the skin. [source]


Printed inset sleeve monopole antennas for dual-band applications

MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 8 2008
J.-W. Baik
Abstract In this study, the simple printed monopole antennas with dual-band operation are presented. The proposed antennas without any additional metal strips are consisted of the ground shorted inset sleeve for both microstrip and coplanar waveguide type ones. The omnidirectional radiation patterns of two models at two designed frequencies are almost similar to those of a conventional monopole. These printed monopole antennas are very suitable to various dual-band applications for modern communications. Details of the proposed design and experimental results are demonstrated in this article. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1995,1997, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23574 [source]


An analysis of substrate effects on transmission-lines for millimeter-wave CMOS RFIC applications

MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 2 2008
Jin-Fa Chang
Abstract A set of transmission lines (TLs) for millimeter-wave (MMW) CMOS RFIC applications was implemented in a standard 0.18 ,m CMOS technology and then postprocessed by CMOS-compatible inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) etching, which removed the silicon underneath the TLs completely. TL parameters such as characteristic impedance ZC, attenuation constant ,, phase constant ,, effective permittivity ,eff, minimum noise figure (NFmin), parallel capacitance/conductance C/G, and series inductance/resistance L/R, as a function of frequency were extracted. It was found that ,, ,eff, NFmin, C, and G were greatly improved after silicon removal. The state-of-the-art performances of the on-chip TLs-on-air suggest that they are very suitable for application to realize ultralow-noise MMW CMOS RFICs. Besides, the CMOS-compatible backside ICP etching technique is very promising for MMW system-on-a-chip applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 319,324, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23055 [source]


Surface-mount loop antenna for AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS operation in the PDA phone

MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 9 2007
Wei-Yu Li
Abstract A surface-mount loop antenna very suitable for application in the mobile devices such as the PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) phone for quad-band operation is presented. The antenna comprises of a loop metal pattern for generating two wideband resonant modes at about 900 and 1800 MHz to cover the AMPS/GSM/DCS/PCS bands and a central coupling stub as the feed structure. Although quad-band operation is obtained, the antenna occupies a small volume of 7 × 8 × 60 mm3 or about 3.4 cm3 only and is easy to be embedded inside the PDA phone as an internal antenna. Details of the proposed surface-mount loop antenna are presented and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2250,2254, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22700 [source]


Solid-immersion-lens-enhanced nanophotoluminescence for spectroscopy of quantum dot systems

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 4 2003
Bénédicte Dal Don
Abstract We present a novel experimental setup, which introduces a solid-immersion-lens (SIL) into a confocal microphotoluminescence system. This non-destructive method allows us, within a field of view of 35,,m, to reach a spatial resolution of about 200 nm, which is comparable to near-field systems. We demonstrate an enhancement of the collection efficiency by a factor of five in comparison to standard confocal setups. This is very important for single-dot spectroscopy, where the excitation and detection signals are very low. Moreover, we prove that the spatial resolution and collection efficiency of the system are quite insensitive to air gaps which could be formed at the interface between sample and SIL. These two features can be explained with theoretical considerations. For all these reasons, the system is very suitable for the study of single excitonic lines in quantum dots. We show its application in polarization- and temperature-dependent studies. [source]


Clonal selection in ,Uzunmusa' hazelnut

PLANT BREEDING, Issue 4 2003

Abstract Clonal selection was practised in ,Uzunmusa' hazelnut over the past 3 years (1999-2001) to select the highest quality types. Based on an initial assessment of a total of 102 types, 45 were selected for further study. The best types were selection numbers (SN) 397 and 570. The two selected clones have very good characteristics and seem to be superior to the standard clone. The clones had a higher kernel percentage (62.72%), a higher number of nuts per cluster (5.5), thinner shells (0.75 mm) and heavier nuts (2.34 g). On the other hand, the clones seem to be very suitable for the nut industry because of their oil content and size. These types have very thin shells which are suitable for in-shell market. [source]


Ruthenium (II) tris-bathophenanthroline disulfonate is well suitable for Tris-Glycine PAGE but not for Bis-Tris gels

PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 4 2007
Jan Moebius
Abstract Pre-cast bis(2-hydroxyethyl)iminotris(hydroxymethyl)methane (Bis-Tris) gels have proven to be very suitable for pre-fractionation for LC-MS/MS analysis due to high reliability and long stability. To visualize proteins within gels fluorescence dyes proved to be a good tradeoff between sensitivity and MS-compatibility. The custom-made ruthenium dye represents a low-cost alternative regarding fluorescence-based protein visualization with high sensitivity. We demonstrate, that this dye is incompatible with Bis-Tris gels, while using Tris-Glycine gels a competitive sensitivity to commercially available stains can be achieved. [source]


Fe3+ immobilized metal affinity chromatography with silica monolithic capillary column for phosphoproteome analysis

PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 3 2007
Shun Feng
Abstract Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is a commonly used technique for phosphoproteome analysis due to its high affinity for adsorption of phosphopeptides. Miniaturization of IMAC column is essential for the analysis of a small amount of sample. Nanoscale IMAC column was prepared by chemical modification of silica monolith with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) followed by the immobilization of Fe3+ ion inside the capillary. It was demonstrated that Fe3+ -IDA silica monolithic IMAC capillary column could specifically capture the phosphopeptides from tryptic digest of ,-casein with analysis by MALDI-TOF MS. The silica monolithic IMAC capillary column was manually coupled with nanoflow RPLC/nanospray ESI mass spectrometer (,RPLC,nanoESI MS) for phosphoproteome analysis. The system was validated by analysis of standard phosphoproteins and then it was applied to the analysis of protein phosphorylation in mouse liver lysate. Besides MS/MS spectra, MS/MS/MS spectra were also collected for neutral loss peak. After database search and manual validation with conservative criteria, 29 singly phosphorylated peptides were identified by analyzing a tryptic digest of only 12,,g mouse liver lysate. The results demonstrated that the silica monolithic IMAC capillary column coupled with ,RPLC-nanoESI MS was very suitable for the phosphoproteome analysis of minute sample. [source]


Localization of single-copy T-DNA insertion in transgenic shallots (Allium cepa) by using ultra-sensitive FISH with tyramide signal amplification

THE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 6 2001
Ludmila I. Khrustaleva
Summary The sensitivity of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for mapping plant chromosomes of single-copy DNA sequences is limited. We have adapted for plant cytogenetics a new signal-amplification method termed tyramide-FISH (Tyr-FISH). Until present this technique has only been applied to human chromosomes. The method is based on enzymatic deposition of fluorochrome-conjugated tyramide. With Tyr-FISH it was possible to detect target T-DNA sequences on plant metaphase chromosomes as small as 710 bp without using a cooled CCD camera. Short detection time and high sensitivity, in combination with a low background, make the Tyr-FISH method very suitable for routine application in plant cytogenetic research. With Tyr-FISH we analysed the position of T-DNA inserts in transgenic shallots. We found that the inserts were preferentially located in the distal region of metaphase chromosomes. Sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization with a 375 bp satellite sequence suggested that a specific T-DNA insert was located within the satellite sequence hybridization region on a metaphase chromosome. Analysis of less-condensed prophase and interphase chromosomes revealed that the T-DNA was integrated outside the satellite DNA-hybridization region in a more proximal euchromatin region. [source]


Measuring ,M and ,, with long-duration gamma-ray bursts

ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 8 2010
A. Balastegui
Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most luminous events in the Universe. In addition, the Universe itself is almost transparent to , -rays, making GRBs detectable up to very high redshifts. As a result, GRBs are very suitable to probe the cosmological parameters. This work shows the potential of long-duration GRBs for measuring the cosmological parameters ,M and ,, by comparing the observed log N -log P distribution with the theoretical one. Provided that the GRBs rate and luminosity function are well determined, the best values and 1, confidence intervals obtained are ,M = 0.22+0.05,0.03 and ,, = 1.06+0.05,0.10. Finally, a set of simulations show the ability of the method to measure ,M and ,, (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]