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Terms modified by Very Satisfactory Selected AbstractsA continuing education programme for general practitionersEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2000Status report after 5 years of function In 1992, following newly issued university regulations, the board of the School of Dental Medicine of the University of Geneva decided to establish a structured continuing education course programme for practising dentists in an effort to better meet the school's continuing education mandate. The programme started in January 1994 and was structured so that regular courses would be offered in each discipline of dentistry. The course contents were aimed at satisfying the demands of practising dentists, but it was also established that basic science issues and theoretical concepts should be included. Possible course formats were ,conference', ,hands-on', ,clinical' and ,seminar'. The courses were meant as a form of knowledge transfer from the school to the practising community, but also as a means to generate revenue for research and teaching programmes. Operative aspects were supervised by a small staff which was assisted by computer software designed to handle all procedural steps of course administration, participant registration, accounting, communication. The dentists' responses were rewarding in that attendance was very satisfactory. Closer scrutiny of our data, however, indicates that our impact is still low since at best only 20% of the course-hours required by the Swiss dental association are actually taken. Both course and programme evaluations were satisfactory and are discussed using the Harden and Laidlaw CRISIS criteria. [source] New converter-fed power source to increase the dynamic performance of the three-phase electric arc furnaceEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 6 2000A. Wolf The conventional three-phase electric arc furnaces frequently cause undesired distortions in the power system, which has a low short-circuit capacity in the form of voltage fluctuations (flicker) at the point of common coupling. This is due to the fluctuating reactive power consumption of the furnace. This paper describes a electronic-controlled furnace transformer which enables the reactive power consumed by the furnace to be kept constant. This is made possible if the conventional power system of the three-phase electric arc furnace is supplemented with three-phase power controllers and a booster transformer. By regulating the (reactive) power input, these disturbances can be reduced to a minimum. This new power source was experimentally tested on a single-phase model and the results, which are presented, are very satisfactory. [source] An Empirically Based Implementation and Evaluation of a Hierarchical Model for Commuting FlowsGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2010Jens Petter Gitlesen This article provides an empirical evaluation of a hierarchical approach to modeling commuting flows. As the gravity family of spatial interaction models represents a benchmark for empirical evaluation, we begin by reviewing basic aspects of these models. The hierarchical modeling framework is the same that Thorsen, Ubøe, and Nævdal (1999) used. However, because some modifications are required to construct a more workable model, we undertake a relatively detailed presentation of the model, rather than merely referring to the presentation in Thorsen, Ubøe, and Nævdal (1999). The model uses a hierarchical specification of a transportation network and the individual search procedure. Journeys to work are determined by the effects of distance deterrence and of intervening opportunities, and by the location of potential destinations relative to alternatives at subsequent levels in a transportation network. The model calibration uses commuting data from a region in western Norway. The estimated parameter values are reasonable, and the explanatory power is very satisfactory when compared with the results of a competing destinations approach. Este artículo presenta una evaluación empírica de un enfoque jerárquico para el modelado de flujos de desplazamientos del lugar de residencia al lugar de trabajo (commuting flows). Los modelos interacción espacial, y en particular los modelos de gravedad representan un buen punto de referencia para esta tarea. Por esta razón, los autores inician el estudio con una revisión de los aspectos básicos de estos modelos. El marco general del modelo jerárquico seleccionado es el mismo que emplean Thorsen, Ubøe y Nævdal (1999). Sin embargo, debido a que algunas modificaciones son necesarias para construir un método más viable, los autores presentan su versión del modelo de manera detallada en lugar de sólo hacer referencia a la versión de Thorsen, Ubøe y Nævdal. El modelo modificado propuesto emplea una especificación jerárquica para una red de transporte y hace uso de un procedimiento de búsqueda individual (individual search procedure). Los desplazamientos hacia el lugar de trabajo son establecidos en base a 1) los efectos limitantes de distancia de las oportunidades de desplazamiento, y 2) la localización de los posibles destinos medida en relación a las distintas alternativas existentes en los niveles inferiores de la jerarquía de la red de transporte. La calibración del modelo utiliza datos de desplazamientos de una región en el oeste de Noruega. Finalmente, los autores concluyen que los valores de los parámetros estimados obtenidos son razonables, y que el poder explicativo del modelo es muy satisfactorio en comparación a los resultados obtenidos por un análisis comparativo/competitivo de destinos a (competing destinations). [source] Invasive pattern grading score designed as an independent prognostic indicator in oral squamous cell carcinomaHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Yun-Ching Chang Chang Y-C, Nieh S, Chen S-F, Jao S-W, Lin Y-L & Fu E (2010) Histopathology,57, 295,303 Invasive pattern grading score designed as an independent prognostic indicator in oral squamous cell carcinoma Aims:, To test the validity of an invasive pattern grading score (IPGS) developed for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a prognostic indicator and to elucidate the relationship between the IPGS and clinical parameters. Methods and results:, The IPGS was applied to a total of 153 cases of OSCC. There were significant correlations between IPGS and distant metastasis (P = 0.01) or recurrence (P = 0.001). However, there were no significant correlations between IPGS and gender, age, size or extent, location, status of lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, or histological grading. Cases of OSCC with higher IPGS were associated with poor patient survival (P < 0.001) and higher probability of tumour recurrence (P = 0.001). Intraobserver (, = 0.74) and interobserver agreement (, = 0.67) were very satisfactory. Conclusions:, Our study confirms the validity of the IPGS, an indicator that is simple and easy to use. IPGS not only provides histological assessment of biological behaviour, but also offers an independent prognostic factor that may influence the treatment of OSCC. [source] Parallel computation of a highly nonlinear Boussinesq equation model through domain decompositionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 1 2005Khairil Irfan Sitanggang Abstract Implementations of the Boussinesq wave model to calculate free surface wave evolution in large basins are, in general, computationally very expensive, requiring huge amounts of CPU time and memory. For large scale problems, it is either not affordable or practical to run on a single PC. To facilitate such extensive computations, a parallel Boussinesq wave model is developed using the domain decomposition technique in conjunction with the message passing interface (MPI). The published and well-tested numerical scheme used by the serial model, a high-order finite difference method, is identical to that employed in the parallel model. Parallelization of the tridiagonal matrix systems included in the serial scheme is the most challenging aspect of the work, and is accomplished using a parallel matrix solver combined with an efficient data transfer scheme. Numerical tests on a distributed-memory super-computer show that the performance of the current parallel model in simulating wave evolution is very satisfactory. A linear speedup is gained as the number of processors increases. These tests showed that the CPU time efficiency of the model is about 75,90%. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] PRICE: primitive centred schemes for hyperbolic systemsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 12 2003E. F. Toro Abstract We present first- and higher-order non-oscillatory primitive (PRI) centred (CE) numerical schemes for solving systems of hyperbolic partial differential equations written in primitive (or non-conservative) form. Non-conservative systems arise in a variety of fields of application and they are adopted in that form for numerical convenience, or more importantly, because they do not posses a known conservative form; in the latter case there is no option but to apply non-conservative methods. In addition we have chosen a centred, as distinct from upwind, philosophy. This is because the systems we are ultimately interested in (e.g. mud flows, multiphase flows) are exceedingly complicated and the eigenstructure is difficult, or very costly or simply impossible to obtain. We derive six new basic schemes and then we study two ways of extending the most successful of these to produce second-order non-oscillatory methods. We have used the MUSCL-Hancock and the ADER approaches. In the ADER approach we have used two ways of dealing with linear reconstructions so as to avoid spurious oscillations: the ADER TVD scheme and ADER with ENO reconstruction. Extensive numerical experiments suggest that all the schemes are very satisfactory, with the ADER/ENO scheme being perhaps the most promising, first for dealing with source terms and secondly, because higher-order extensions (greater than two) are possible. Work currently in progress includes the application of some of these ideas to solve the mud flow equations. The schemes presented are generic and can be applied to any hyperbolic system in non-conservative form and for which solutions include smooth parts, contact discontinuities and weak shocks. The advantage of the schemes presented over upwind-based methods is simplicity and efficiency, and will be fully realized for hyperbolic systems in which the provision of upwind information is very costly or is not available. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Thermodynamic analysis of subcooling and superheating effects of alternative refrigerants for vapour compression refrigeration cyclesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 5 2006encan Abstract This paper presents a computer-based first law and exergy analysis applied to vapour compression refrigeration systems for determining subcooling and superheating effects of environmentally safe new refrigerants. Three refrigerants are considered: R134a, R407c and R410a. It is found that subcooling and superheating temperatures directly influence the system performance as both condenser and evaporator temperatures are affected. The thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants are formulated using artificial neural network (ANN) methodology. Six ANNs were trained to predict various properties of the three refrigerants. The training and validation of the ANNs were performed with good accuracy. The correlation coefficient obtained when unknown data were used to the networks were found to be equal or very near to 1 which is very satisfactory. Additionally, the present methodology proved to be much better than the linear multiple regression analysis. From the analysis of the results it is found that condenser and evaporator temperatures have strong effects on coefficient of performance (COP) and system irreversibility. Also both subcooling and superheating affect the system performance. This effect is similar for R134a and R407c, and different for R410a. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Impact of enzymatic treatment on chemical composition, physicochemical properties and radical scavenging activity of goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) juiceJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 3 2007Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan Abstract Tropical pulpy juices play an important role in nutrition as an excellent base for low-calorie and dietetic products. Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is one of the most promising exotic fruits and many interesting functional products could be developed from these berries. In this work we are reporting, for the first time, on the chemical composition and some physicochemical parameters of the goldenberry fruit juice. We have also investigated how some of these properties are affected by enzymatic treatment and pasteurisation. By enzymation, not only is the yield of juice increased, but also the macro- and micro-components. Application of enzymes, moreover, leads to juices with higher pulp content, higher acidity and higher total soluble solids. On the other side, enzyme-treated juices were characterised by lower alcohol-soluble solids and pH values. Water- and fat-soluble bioactives were estimated in appreciable amounts in the juice. The antioxidative potential of different processed juices was assessed by means of bleaching of the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and the resulting values were correlated with each of the antioxidant compounds. The results obtained can be considered very satisfactory and the juice could be widely appreciated when compared with other products commonly available on the market. The data are helpful for the optimisation of goldenberry juice production. It was the purpose to present a comprehensive assessment of the goldenberry juice and to address the potential for its delivery in functional drinks. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Determination of tsumacide residues in vegetable samples using a flow-injection chemiluminescence methodLUMINESCENCE: THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE, Issue 4 2007Haiyan Liu Abstract A sensitive, simple and rapid flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI,CL) method is described to determine tsumacide pesticide residue based on the CL reaction of the alkaline degradation product of tsumacide with acidic KMnO4 when rhodamine 6G was present. Under the optimum conditions, the relative CL intensity is linear with the concentration of tsumacide in the range of 2.0 × 10,3,0.20 mg/L. The detection limit is 6.6 × 10,4 mg/L (3,) and the relative standard deviation for 2.0 × 10,2 mg/L tsumacide solution was 2.28% (intra-day) and 4.85% (inter-day). The proposed method has been applied to determine the residue of tsumacide in vegetable samples and the recovery test is very satisfactory. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mathematical Modeling of Bivariate Polymer Property Distributions Using 2D Probability Generating Functions, 1 , Numerical Inversion MethodsMACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS, Issue 6 2010Mariano Asteasuain Abstract This is the first of two papers presenting a new mathematical method for modeling bivariate distributions of polymer properties. It is based on the transformation of the infinite mass balances describing the evolution of a two-dimensional distribution using 2D probability generating functions (pgf). A key step of this method is the inversion of the transforms. In this work, two numerical inversion methods of 2D pgfs are developed and carefully validated. The accuracy obtained with both methods was very satisfactory. The inversion formulas of both methods are simple and easy to implement. A simple copolymerization example is used to show the complete procedure from the derivation of the pgf balances to the recovery of the bivariate molecular weight distribution. [source] Nondestructive topographic resistivity evaluation of semi-insulating SiC substratesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 3 2003R. Stibal Abstract Semi-insulating silicon carbide single crystals have been grown using high temperature chemical vapor deposition without vanadium doping. The resistivity of standard and exploratory 2, diameter substrates has been analysed topographically with 1 mm lateral resolution with an improved contactless resistivity mapping technique. Absolute resistivity values are ranging from below 1 × 105 to above 1 × 1012 , cm. The lateral homogeneity of state-of-the-art material is very satisfactory, whereas strong localized inhomogeneities in exploratory materials underscore the decisive advantage of a nondestructive and topographic resistivity evaluation in supporting the optimization of the crystal growth procedure. [source] Option pricing under Markov-switching GARCH processesTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 5 2010Chao-Chun Chen This study proposes an N -state Markov-switching general autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic (MS-GARCH) option model and develops a new lattice algorithm to price derivatives under this framework. The MS-GARCH option model allows volatility dynamics switching between different GARCH processes with a hidden Markov chain, thus exhibiting high flexibility in capturing the dynamics of financial variables. To measure the pricing performance of the MS-GARCH lattice algorithm, we investigate the convergence of European option prices produced on the new lattice to their true values as conducted by the simulation. These results are very satisfactory. The empirical evidence also suggests that the MS-GARCH model performs well in fitting the data in-sample and one-week-ahead out-of-sample prediction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 30:444,464, 2010 [source] New Alternative Methods to Teach Surgical Techniques for Veterinary Medicine Students despite the Absence of Living Animals.ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 3 2007Is that an Academic Paradox? Summary Due to a raised ethical mentality, veterinary schools are pursuing methods to preserve animal corpses used for surgical technique classes in an attempt to reduce the use of living animals for teaching. Generally speaking, animal and human bodies are usually preserved with 10% aqueous formalin solution especially for descriptive anatomy classes. Other possibilities include the use of glycerol, alcohol and phenol. At present, new fixatives have been developed to allow a better and longer preservation of animal corpses in order to maintain organoleptic characteristics, i.e. colour, texture, as close as possible to what students will deal with living animals. From 2004, in our college, surgical technique classes no longer use living animals for students' training. Instead, canine corpses chemically preserved with modified Larssen (MLS) and Laskowski (LS) solutions are preferred. The purpose of this study was to investigate comparatively the biological quality of preservation of these two solutions and to evaluate students' learning and acceptance of this new teaching method. Although these fixatives maintain body flexibility, LS solution failed to keep an ordinary tissue colouration (cadavers were intensely red) and tissue preservation was not adequate. By contrast, MLS solution, however, did not alter the colouration of cadavers which was fairly similar to that normally found in living animals. A remarkable characteristic was a very strong and unpleasant sugary odour in LS-preserved animals and therefore the MLS solution was the elected method to preserve cadavers for surgical technique classes. The students' feedback to the use of Larssen-preserved cadavers was very satisfactory, i.e. 96.6% of students were in favour of the use of cadavers for surgical training and on average 91.8% (2002,2003) of students preferred the MLS solution as the chemical preserver, whereas only 8.2% elected LS solution for teaching purposes. From the students' point of view (95.1%) the ideal class would be an initial training in MLS cadavers followed by classes with animals admitted to the Veterinary Hospital. [source] Preoperative prediction of long-term outcome following laparoscopic fundoplicationANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 7 2002Colm J. O'Boyle Background: Although long-term outcomes following laparoscopic fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal disease have now been reported as very satisfactory, a small, but important, minority of patients are unhappy with the outcome, often due to recurrent reflux symptoms or new-onset dysphagia. In this study, we sought to establish whether various parameters that can be determined before surgery, can predict the long-term outcome of surgery. Methods: Data collected prospectively were evaluated to determine factors that were associated with outcome at 5 years following laparoscopic fundoplication. Inclusion criteria were complete preoperative assessment data and 5-year follow-up data. Data examined included information on preoperative age, sex, weight, home address, health insurance status, duration of reflux symptoms, previous surgery, operating surgeon, endoscopy and 24-h pH monitoring. In addition, lower oesophageal sphincter resting and residual relaxation pressures were evaluated before and after surgery. The postoperative symptoms of heartburn and dysphagia, as well as overall satisfaction 5 years following surgery was determined using a 0,10 visual analogue scale. The association of the pre- and perioperative factors and outcome at 5 years was determined by univariate and linear regression analysis. Results: Two hundred and sixty-two patients from an overall experience of over 1000 laparoscopic anti-reflux procedures met the entry criteria. There was no association between patient address, age, weight, duration of symptoms, the presence of endoscopically proven oesophagitis, operating surgeon, the necessity for conversion to an open procedure, change in lower oesophageal sphincter residual relaxation pressure and the outcome parameters. Using univariate analysis, a higher heartburn score was associated with previous abdominal surgery, female sex, no private health insurance, and a normal preoperative 24-h pH study. A higher dysphagia score was associated with a normal preoperative pH study, a postoperative increase in lower oesophageal sphincter resting pressure of more than 6 mmHg, and previous abdominal surgery. Overall satisfaction with the outcome at 5 years was higher among male patients, private patients, patients who had a hiatus hernia, and patients who had an abnormal preoperative pH study. Linear regression analysis confirmed that private insurance, male sex, and the absence of previous abdominal surgery, were the strongest predictors of an improved heartburn score, whereas male sex and private health insurance were the strongest predictors of greater satisfaction with the overall outcome. Conclusions: There are parameters that can be assessed before or during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication that correlate with late outcome parameters. In particular, male patients and those from higher socioeconomic groups appear to have a better long-term outcome. [source] Aspects of magnetic data processingARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 4 2001M. Ciminale Abstract The presence of noisy contributions such as spikes, stripes and zigzag effects in magnetic data visualization represents the most common flaw that may degrade the image, rendering the correct detection and identification of archaeological features very uncertain. In order to overcome this serious disadvantage, a software package has been developed by implementing very simple algorithms based on statistical criteria. Some applications to field data are shown and discussed in order to demonstrate the program's ability to remove or minimize these undesired contributions. The results are very satisfactory: high-quality digital raster images may be produced. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] MODELLING DEMAND FOR BROAD MONEY IN AUSTRALIA,AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 1 2005ABBAS VALADKHANIArticle first published online: 21 FEB 200 The existence of a valid long-run money demand function is still important for the conduct of monetary policy. It is argued that previous work on the demand for money in Australia has not been very satisfactory in a number of ways. This paper examines the long- and short-run determinants of the demand for broad money employing the Johansen cointegration technique. Using quarterly data for the period 1976:3,2002:2, this paper finds, inter alia, that the demand for broad money is cointegrated with real income, the rate of return on 10-year Treasury bonds, the cash rate and inflation. It appears that a disequilibrium in the demand for money can affect the efficacy of interest rate policy in the long run via its impact on future output growth and output gap. [source] Effect of Operating Parameters on the Condensation of Ammonium Sulfate by ElectrodialysisCHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 9 2008H. Yang Abstract The separation of ammonium sulfate from dilute solution by electrodialysis was investigated. From the results obtained, it is suggested that it is feasible to separate ammonium sulfate from aqueous solution by electrodialysis. The removal performance of ammonium sulfate obtained was very satisfactory. The optimal cation and anion membranes were found. The removal efficiencies were influenced by voltage, initial concentration, flow rate and temperature. High voltage and high temperature are beneficial to this separation process, but high fluid flow rate and concentrated initial concentration prolong the operation time required to achieve the target value. It was found that the optimal outlet concentration is 1,g/L, since the operation time is prolonged almost two-fold if the outlet concentration is decreased from 1,g/L to 0.5,g/L. [source] COMBINED SPINAL AND EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA WITH CHLOROPROCAINE FOR HYSTERECTOMYCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 1 2008Run-Qiao Fu SUMMARY 1The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of chloroprocaine (CP) for gynaecological surgery. 2One hundred and twenty gynaecological patients scheduled for hysterectomy were divided randomly into four groups: Group A (n = 30), 2.5% CP 1.0 mL; Group B (n = 30), 2.5% CP 1.2 mL; Group C (n = 30), 2.5% CP 1.4 mL; and Group D (n = 30), 2.5% CP 1.6 mL. The dose of CP used in each group was mixed with 1 mL vehicle containing 5% glucose and 1.5% ephedrine. Spinal anaesthesia was achieved by lumbar puncture in the L2,3 interspace and injection of the mixture. Wherever necessary, CP (2.5%) was used for epidural anaesthesia. 3Although the times to onset and peak effect, as well as the grade of motor block of the lower limbs (Bromage scale), were similar among the four groups, the level of the highest sensory nerve block increased gradually, from T7 (± 1), T6 (± 1), T4 (± 1) to T3 (± 1) in Groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The rate of unsatisfactory spinal anaesthesia was 80 and 16.7% in Groups A and B, respectively, and consequently epidural anaesthesia was superimposed in those patients for surgery to start. Spinal anaesthesia was very satisfactory for surgery in Groups C and D. In contrast, the incidence of hypotension in Groups B, C and D was 6.7, 16.7 and 67.7%, respectively; however, respiratory depression only occurred in Group D in nine cases (30%). No other adverse events or neurologic deficits were found. 4The present results suggest that 30,35 mg CP in a total volume of 2.2,2.4 mL used for spinal anaesthesia in hysterectomy is safe and efficient. The combination of spinal and epidural anaesthesia with 2.5% CP can achieve 100% satisfactory anaesthesia for this type of surgery. [source] L/I-9 Adult living donor liver transplants: Niguarda experience in MilanCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2006A. Giacomoni Introduction: Adult living donor liver transplants (ALDLTs) have emerged as an option in the last few years. Materials and methods:, From March 2001 through February 2006, we performed 27 ALDLTs. Liver volume, vascular, and biliary anatomy were assessed by CT scan and magnetic resonance cholangiography. The graft-to-recipient weight ratio was always above 0.8. The recipients were United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) status 2B or 3. The transplant was carried out grafting segments V-VIII to the recipient without the MHV. In the recipient we have never used a venous-venous bypass. Results:, With a mean follow-up of 675 days (range, 8 to 1,804 days), 23 out of the 27 patients are alive. Three have undergone a retransplant: 2 as a consequence of an arterial thrombosis and 1 because of small-for-size-syndrome. These data show an overall patient and graft survival rate of 85% and 74%. Four deaths were caused by massive pulmonary bleeding due to Rendù-Osler syndrome, systemic aspergillosis, sepsis, and cardiac arrhythmia. Fourteen biliary complications (51.85%) occurred in 11 recipients (40.74%); 3 of these patients developed 2 consecutive and different biliary complications. All the donors are alive and well. Conclusion:, An expert surgical team and proper selection of both donor and recipient are mandatory. Overall results of ALDLTs are very satisfactory, even if we have to take into account a high rate of biliary complications. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||