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Vertical Section (vertical + section)
Selected AbstractsHeat transfer to a moving packed bed of nickel pelletsTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2008M. H. I. Baird Abstract Heat transfer between a bed of nickel pellets and a vertical section of electrically heated steel pipe has been measured, with the pellet bed inside the vertical pipe. Most of the data are for a 20.27 cm diameter pipe but some data were also obtained for a 10.23 cm diameter pipe. The effective thermal conductivity of the stationary pellet bed has been estimated approximately from the results of unsteady heating tests. Tests have been carried out with a downwardly moving bed, including the effect of air flowing upwards through the bed. Average values of the pellet-side heat transfer coefficient are between 72 and 135 W/(m2°C) depending on the mass fluxes of air and pellets, and have been expressed as an empirical correlation. Le transfert de chaleur entre un lit de pastilles de nickel et une section verticale d'une conduite d'acier chauffée électriquement a été mesuré, le lit de pastilles se trouvant à l'intérieur de la conduite verticale. La plupart des données ont été obtenues pour une conduite de 20,27 cm de diamètre, mais certaines données ont également été obtenues pour une conduite de 10,23 cm de diamètre. La conductivité thermique effective d'un lit de pastilles stationnaire a été estimée de manière approximative à partir des résultats de tests de chauffe en régime non stationnaire. Les tests ont été menés avec un lit en mouvement descendant, incluant l'effet de l'air circulant dans le sens ascendant dans le lit. Les valeurs moyennes du coefficient de transfert de chaleur du côté des pastilles sont comprises entre 72 et 135 W/(m2°C) selon les flux massiques de l'air et des pastilles, et sont exprimées en tant que corrélation empirique. [source] Plasmalemmal and vesicular ,-aminobutyric acid transporter expression in the developing mouse retinaTHE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2009Chenying Guo Immunoreactivity for the plasma membrane GABA transporter, GAT-3 (red), in a vertical section of adult mouse retina, with the Müller glia identified with CRALBP antibodies (green) and bipolar cell and some Müller cell somata with Chx10 antibodies (blue). J. Comp. Neurol. 512:6,26, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Plasmalemmal and vesicular ,-aminobutyric acid transporter expression in the developing mouse retinaTHE JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2009Chenying Guo Immunoreactivity for the plasma membrane GABA transporter, GAT-3 (red), in a vertical section of adult mouse retina, with the Müller glia identified with CRALBP antibodies (green) and bipolar cell and some Müller cell somata with Chx10 antibodies (blue). J. Comp. Neurol. 512:6,26, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Subsurface sediment remobilization and fluid flow in sedimentary basins: an overviewBASIN RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010Mads Huuse ABSTRACT Subsurface sediment remobilization and fluid flow processes and their products are increasingly being recognized as significant dynamic components of sedimentary basins. The geological structures formed by these processes have traditionally been grouped into mud volcano systems, fluid flow pipes and sandstone intrusion complexes. But the boundaries between these groups are not always distinct because there can be similarities in their geometries and the causal geological processes. For instance, the process model for both mud and sand remobilization and injection involves a source of fluid that can be separate from the source of sediment, and diapirism is now largely discarded as a deformation mechanism for both lithologies. Both mud and sand form dykes and sills in the subsurface and extrusive edifices when intersecting the sediment surface, although the relative proportions of intrusive and extrusive components are very different, with mud volcano systems being largely extrusive and sand injectite systems being mainly intrusive. Focused fluid flow pipes may transfer fluids over hundreds of metres of vertical section for millions of years and may develop into mud volcano feeder systems under conditions of sufficiently voluminous and rapid fluid ascent associated with deeper focus points and overpressured aquifers. Both mud and sand remobilization is facilitated by overpressure and generally will be activated by an external trigger such as an earthquake, although some mud volcano systems may be driven by the re-charge dynamics of their fluid source. Future research should aim to provide spatio-temporal ,injectite' stratigraphies to help constrain sediment remobilization processes in their basinal context and identify and study outcrop analogues of mud volcano feeders and pipes, which are virtually unknown at present. Further data-driven research would be significantly boosted by numerical and analogue process modelling to constrain the mechanics of deep subsurface sediment remobilization as these processes can not be readily observed, unlike many conventional sediment transport phenomena. [source] The histopathology of alopecia areata in vertical and horizontal sectionsDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 4 2001David A. Whiting Alopecia areata (AA) is a relatively common disease affecting 1.7% of Americans by the age of 50 years. The diagnosis is usually made on clinical grounds. In some cases the diagnosis is elusive and biopsies are necessary. In other cases biopsies are useful from a prognostic point of view to determine whether there are enough follicles left for possible future regrowth. In view of the active research being conducted into AA, biopsies provide valuable material for further investigation. The diagnosis of AA is improved by the use of horizontal sections in addition to or instead of vertical sections of scalp biopsies. The histopathologic features favoring the diagnosis of AA include peribulbar and intrabulbar mononuclear infiltrates, degenerative changes in the hair matrix, decreased numbers of terminal anagen follicles, increased numbers of terminal catagen and telogen follicles, an increased number of follicular stelae, an increased number of miniaturized vellus hair follicles, and pigment incontinence of hair bulbs and follicular stelae. Follicular counts with horizontal sections are particularly helpful in making the diagnosis of AA when the biopsy has been taken between acute episodes and the characteristic peribulbar inflammatory infiltrate is absent. [source] Magnetic field intensity study of the 1960 Kilauea lava flow, Hawaii, using the microwave palaeointensity techniqueGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2000Mimi J. Hill It is extremely valuable to study historic lava flows where the geomagnetic field at their time of extrusion is well known. In this study, two vertical sections, 16 m apart, have been sampled from the approximately 1 m thick 1960 Kilauea lava flow, Hawaii. Variations are seen in the rock-magnetic and palaeomagnetic properties between and within the two sections, indicating that there are small-scale lateral and vertical variations in the lava flow. The two sections showed different responses to microwave palaeointensity analysis. Section H6001 generally gave ideal linear behaviour on plots of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) lost against microwave-induced thermoremanent magnetization (TM,RM) gained, whilst the majority of samples from H6002 showed anomalous two-slope behaviour. When all plots were interpreted by taking the best-fitting line through all points, the flow mean intensity for H6001 was 31.6,±,3.6 ,T and that for H6002 was 37.1,±,6.4 ,T, compared with the expected intensity of 36 ,T. Additional historic flows need to be studied in order to ascertain whether this behaviour is typical of all lava, and whether it is best to always interpret NRM lost/TM,RM gained plots by taking the line of best fit regardless of shape. [source] Dermal sheet preparations in the evaluation of dermal innervation in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophyJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Peter Novak Background:, Evaluation of dermal nerve fibers in conventional vertical sections is difficult because of the small number of fibers available for examination. In this study, we evaluated dermal sheet mounts for fibers in which the majority of fibers can be visualized. Methods:, We compared the dermal small fiber density in six Parkinson's disease (PD) and six multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients using dermal sheet preparations (DSP). DSP are based on epidermal-dermal separations and immunostaining of the entire dermis by the nerve growth factor receptor p75 antibody that stains both autonomic and sensory fibers. Results:, The small fiber density was reduced in PD compared with MSA (p < 0.0001), suggesting the presence of small fiber neuropathy in PD. Conclusions:, DSP offer a unique method of evaluation of dermal nerve fibers. This method can be used to evaluate small nerve fibers in many neurological disorders such as MSA and PD. [source] GPR, ERT and magnetic investigations inside the Martyrium of St Philip, Hierapolis, TurkeyARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 3 2009Luigia Nuzzo Abstract Hierapolis, Denizli, Turkey, was one of the most important Hellenistic-Roman cities in Asia Minor. Located about 250,km east of Izmir, the area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its magnificent archaeological remains and the white travertine pool formations created by its peculiar geothermal setting. The Italian Archaeological Mission in more than 50 years of activity in Hierapolis has brought to light and restored important vestiges of the ancient city, helping to understand the urban layout in the various epochs of its development. In 2001,2003 geophysical surveys were performed by the University of Lecce in several areas inside the archaeological site of Hierapolis to support the archaeological excavations. This paper reports the results of the integrated geophysical surveys performed in 2003 inside the Martyrium of Saint Philip, a mausoleum built on the place where it is believed that the Apostle was martyred. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and magnetic gradient investigations were carried out in the central octagonal room, whereas the accessible lateral rooms were surveyed with GPR and occasionally ERT. The acquisition was performed along a series of closely spaced lines and the processed data were visualized as two-dimensional vertical sections (GPR), map view (magnetic gradiometry), depth slices or three-dimensional volumes (GPR and ERT) to allow an integrated interpretation of the geophysical results. The analysis of the geophysical datasets revealed a series of anomalies in both the central and lateral rooms that could be ascribed to the building foundations and to other possible archaeological structures, probably related to earlier stages of the sacred building and to tombs, as well as other anomalies (voids, fractures) of presumable natural origin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||