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Vertical Line (vertical + line)
Selected AbstractsShort note: Source geometry identification by simultaneous use of structural index and shape factorGEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING, Issue 1 2001Lopamudra Roy A cross-plot of the shape factors and the structural indices, determined from gravity anomalies over various idealized sources, namely horizontal/vertical lines and vertical ribbons with various strike lengths and depth extents, forms a closed loop. Different segments of this loop, termed the source geometry identification loop (SGIL), correspond to different source geometries. Combined use of the structural index and the shape factor determined from an isolated gravity anomaly reduces the ambiguity in characterizing the source geometry. A simulated example and three field examples, namely a Cuban chromite anomaly, an Indian example over manganese ore and a sulphide ore from Quebec, have been analysed by the proposed method in order to identify their respective source geometries. [source] 3-D simulation and visualization of laminar flow in a microchannel with hair-pin curvesAICHE JOURNAL, Issue 7 2004Y. Yamaguchi Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate fluidic behavior in a microchannel with hair-pin curves, using a three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics simulation, and to observe the 3-D flow pattern, to validate the simulation. The microchannel used was fabricated on a PMMA plate using a flat-end mill. The channel width and depth were 210 and 205 ,m, respectively, and the radius of each hair-pin curve was 500 ,m. Two liquids; purified water and an aqueous solution of 50 ,mol/L fluorescein, were introduced into the microchannel through different inlets and were merged, forming a side-by-side parallel flow in the straight channel. When the average velocity was 25 mm/s, the liquid was thrust outward by centrifugal force and, as a result, the vertical line that crossed the central axis was distorted after passing the first hair-pin curve. At the second hair-pin curve, the centrifugal force was exerted in the opposite direction, and the distorted line returned nearly to an initial vertical line. When the average velocity was 125 mm/s, however, the vertical line, which was distorted at the first hair-pin curve, did not recover to the initial vertical line after the second curve. The interface between the two liquids was permanently waved. The simulation was in good agreement with the experimental data. The results suggest that the diffusion rate through the interface of two liquids in microchannels with hair-pin curves can increase, compared to that in straight microchannels. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1530,1535, 2004 [source] Posterior pedicle screws combined with shortening and release techniques for lumbar and thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosisORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY, Issue 1 2009Su-xi Gu MD Objective:, To prospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic effects of posterior surgery with wide posterior shortening release and segmental pedicle screws techniques in a consecutive group of patients with thoracolumbar /lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods:, Between April 2002 and July 2005, 114 patients (86 women and 28 men) were enrolled in this study. There were 72 Lenke type 5, 32 Lenke type 6, and 10 Lenke type 3C curves. Radiographic parameters such as coronal plane Cobb angle; lordosis angle; lowest instrumented vertebrae (LIV) angulation; and the distances from the central sacral vertical line (CSVL) to the LIV, to the apical vertebra and to the C7 plumb line, were analyzed. Complication rates were also recorded during follow-up. Results:, The average coronal correction was from 61° to 13° (78.6%). In the sagittal plane, lumbar lordosis was normalized from 36° with a wide range (23°,67°) to 42° with a normal range (34°,55°). The LIV had 79% correction of coronal angulations. The center sacral line to LIV was improved from 2.3 cm to 0.5 cm, apex to center sacral line from 5.0 cm to 1.6 cm, and CSVL from 2.7 cm to 0.8 cm. A total of 1460 pedicle screws were placed safely, average 9.6 levels (5,14) were fused. The patients were followed up for an average of 30 months (range, 12,50). There was excellent maintenance of correction at final follow-up. Conclusion:, Wide posterior release and segmental pedicle screw instrumentation has excellent radiographic and clinical results with minimal complications. [source] Patterns of Innervation of the Anterior Maxilla: A Cadaver Study with Relevance to Canine Fossa Puncture of the Maxillary Sinus,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 10 2005Simon Robinson FRACS Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Complications from canine fossa puncture of the maxillary sinus are caused by damage to the anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN) and the middle superior alveolar nerve (MSAN). The aim of this study was to elucidate the pattern of ASAN and MSAN within the anterior maxilla and to secondly determine suitable surgical landmarks to aid in accurately localizing the area of the canine fossa least likely to produce complications when a trocar is passed into the maxillary sinus. Methods: Anatomic dissection of the anterior face of the maxilla from 20 cadaver heads was performed. The pattern and presence of the ASAN and MSAN was identified on each side and tabulated. Landmarks for the safest entry point for canine fossa puncture were determined, and each side had a puncture placed using these landmarks. Any disruption of nerves was noted. Results: Multiple differing patterns of ASAN were identified. The ASAN emerged from its foramen as a single trunk in 30 (75%) sides and in a double trunk in 10 (25%). In 24 (60%), single or multiple branches from the ASAN trunks were identified. A MSAN was identified in 9 (23%) maxillae. The safest entry point for a canine fossa puncture was where a vertical line drawn through the mid-pupillary line was bisected by a horizontal line drawn through the floor of the pyriform aperture. Conclusions: There is significant variation in the pattern of ASAN and MSAN within the anterior face of the maxilla. By using the newly described landmarks when performing a canine fossa puncture, there is reduced risk of damage to these nerves and provides a reliable point to enter the maxillary sinus. [source] Broadband flexible meander line antenna with vertical linesMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 8 2007Jinwoo Jung Abstract A novel broadband meander-line antenna with vertical lines is presented. The proposed antenna has a broadband impedance bandwidth of ,785 MHz, which covers DCS, PCS, UMTS, WiBro, and WLAN bands. For frequencies across the operating bands, the proposed antenna displays omni-directional radiation patterns. The proposed antenna has compact dimensions of 12 × 23.1 mm2. The antenna is flexible due to the F-PCB material used. For these reasons, a cylindrical and folded structure is presented, as transformed from planar. Experimental results using the constructed prototype are presented and discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1984,1987, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22564 [source] | ||||||||||