Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Ventricular Diameter (ventricular + diameter)
Selected AbstractsReduced oxidative stress in parallel to improved cardiac performance one year after selective removal of anti-beta 1-adrenoreceptor autoantibodies in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: data of a preliminary study,JOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS, Issue 3 2005Ingolf Schimke Abstract Patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) were treated with selective immunoadsorption to remove anti-beta 1-adrenoreceptor autoantibodies (anti-beta1A-AB). After one year, the effect on cardiac performance and oxidative stress was tested. Extracorporeal immunoadsorption of the whole IgG class in IDC patients for the removal of anti-beta1A-AB reduced oxidative stress in parallel to an improvement of cardiac performance. However, the non-specificity of IgG adsorption means that these beneficial effects cannot be attributed exclusively to anti-beta1A-AB removal. In an open clinical pilot study enrolling 8 patients with IDC prior to and one year after selective immunoadsorption of anti-beta1A-AB, plasma markers for oxidative stress,thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), lipid peroxides (LPO) and anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein autoantibodies (anti-oxLDL-AB),were measured in parallel to evaluation of the left ventricular function using conventional echocardiography and wall motion analysis by tissue Doppler imaging. After one year, TBARS (Wilcoxon test with bootstrapping simulation for paired data: 95% confidence interval of the P value 0.020 to 0.029) and anti-oxLDL-AB (P = 0.025 to 0.035) were decreased in parallel to an improvement of the peak systolic wall motion velocity (P = 0.006 to 0.01) and left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.002 to 0.02). For changes over the study period, a direct correlation with borderline significance (P = 0.076) was calculated for TBARS to the left ventricular diameter in the diastole. One year after selective immunoadsorption for anti-beta1A-AB removal, patients with ICD show a reduction in oxidative stress and a parallel improvement in cardiac performance. J. Clin. Apheresis © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The normal and abnormal owl monkey (Aotus sp.) heart: looking at cardiomyopathy changes with echocardiography and electrocardiographyJOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Rashmi S. Rajendra Abstract Background, Cardiovascular disease, especially cardiomyopathy, was the major cause of death among owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) at a major colony and threatened colony sustainability. For this study, echocardiography (echo) and electrocardiography (ECG) normal values were established, and cardiomyopathy animals identified. Methods, Forty-eight owl monkeys were studied, 30 older than 10 years of age (,aged') and 8 of age 5 years (,young'). Eight aged owl monkeys had cardiomyopathy. Results and Conclusions, Aged Aotus had increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness over young animals. Left ventricular diameter and ejection fraction appeared to be the best identifying measurements for cardiomyopathy. There were no differences in the ECG. [source] N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide and left ventricular diameter independently predict mortality in dogs with mitral valve diseaseJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2010W. Moonarmart Objectives: To determine whether natriuretic peptide concentrations would predict all cause mortality in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease. Methods: One hundred dogs with naturally occurring degenerative mitral valve disease were prospectively recruited for this longitudinal study. Analysis of outcome was undertaken for 73 dogs for which the outcome was known. Dogs underwent physical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability of natriuretic peptide concentrations, clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic data, to predict all cause mortality was determined using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results: Thirty dogs died during the period of follow-up. Two variables were independently predictive of all cause mortality; these were the normalised left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and the N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide concentration. An increase of the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter by 0.1 increased the hazard of all cause mortality by 20% (95% confidence interval: 4 to 37%, P=0.01) and a 100 pmol/l increase in N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide increased the hazard by 7% (95 confidence interval: 2 to 11%, P=0.003). Clinical Significance: N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide concentration and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter are significantly and independently predictive of all cause mortality in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease. [source] Review of left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus and short term outcome in 98 dogsJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 9 2002N. Van Israėl The case records of 98 dogs with a left-to-right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were reviewed. There were 35 breeds represented, with a female to male ratio of 3:1. Forty per cent of the dogs were older than one year at initial presentation and 31 per cent had clinical signs attributable to PDA. A left heart base continuous murmur of grade IV/VI or higher was noted in 90 per cent of the dogs. On electrocardiography, the most common abnormalities were tall R waves (63 per cent) and deep QII waves (62 per cent). The radiographic triad of dilation of the descending aorta with enlargement of the main pulmonary artery segment and left atrium, typical of PDA, was noted in only 26 per cent of cases. Two-dimensional (2D) and M-mode echocardiography detected left atrial enlargement (35 per cent) and an increased left ventricular diameter in diastole (82 per cent) and systole (84 per cent) as the most common abnormalities. Doppler echocardiography demonstrated increased aortic outflow velocities in 66 per cent of cases. The overall short-term successful outcome in this study was 95 per cent. There was no significant difference between surgical ductal ligation using a standard technique or the Jackson-Henderson technique in terms of survival, occurrence of haemorrhage or residual shunting. The number of interventional procedures used in this study was too low for statistical comparison, but there appeared to be a trend towards a higher rate of residual shunting and a lower fatality rate using a coil occlusion technique. [source] Patent ductus arteriosus flow patterns in the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic herniaPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2009Shinya Okamoto Abstract Background:, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) mortality still remains high, due to lung hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN). Effective management of PPHN and time of operation are quite important to the improvement of CDH treatment. In order to determine the optimal time for operation, we monitored PPHN with cardiac ultrasound. Methods:, PPHN was assessed with three parameters: patent ductus arteriosus flow patterns (PDAFP), %left ventricular diameter at diastole, and left ventricular fraction of shortening (LVFS). Four patients with an antenatal diagnosis were treated under this protocol. Diaphragm repair was performed when PDAFP became left to right shunt dominant and the pre- and postoperative course was analyzed with regular chart reviews. Results:, The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference levels of four patients were 590, 335, 613 and 530 mmHg, and operations were carried out when the patients were 2, 2, 3 and 2 days old, respectively. In three of the four patients (all except case 3) the PDAFP changed from right to left shunt dominant or bidirectional (BD), to left to right shunt dominant within 48 h. The %left ventricular diameter at diastole was relatively stable around the time of operation. The LVFS of all patients decreased after the operation. Only the LVFS of case 3 decreased temporarily to less than 30% (which indicates poor left ventricular function) but recovered. No patients needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. All patients survived the procedure and were extubated. Case 3, who took 10 days to become left to right shunt dominant after the operation, needed home oxygenation therapy for 10 months. Conclusions:, PDAFP was a reliable marker of PPHN on a high-frequency oscillatory ventilator to determine the optimal time for the operation for CDH. The optimal time for operation is supposed to be the time when PDAFP become left to right shunt dominant. [source] Association between SNP Heterozygosity and Quantitative Traits in the Framingham Heart StudyANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 4 2009Didahally R. Govindaraju Summary Associations between multilocus heterozygosity and fitness traits, also termed heterozygosity and fitness correlations (HFCs), have been reported in numerous organisms. These studies, in general, indicate a positive relationship between heterozygosity and fitness traits. We studied the association between genome-wide heterozygosity at 706 non-synonymous and synonymous SNPs and 19 quantitative traits, including morphological, biochemical and fitness traits in the Framingham Heart Study. Statistically significant association was found between heterozygosity and systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as left ventricular diameter and wall thickness. These results suggest that heterozygosity may be associated with traits, such as blood pressure that closely track environmental variations. Balancing selection may be operating in the maintenance of heterozygosity and the major components of blood pressure and hypertension. Genome wide SNP heterozygosity may be used to understand the phenomenon of dominance as well as the evolutionary basis of many quantitative traits in humans. [source] QT interval prolongation in association with impaired circadian variation of blood pressure and heart rate in adolescents with Type 1 diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 11 2007K. Karavanaki Abstract Aims, The aim of our study was to assess diurnal blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability and their possible relationship to the duration of the QT interval in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. Methods, In 48 normotensive, normoalbuminuric diabetic adolescents, with a mean (± sd) age of 17.3 (± 4.1) years and a mean (± sd) diabetes duration of 8.5 (± 3.3) years, 24-h ambulatory BP was recorded. In addition, 24-h heart rate (HR) monitoring was performed and QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals were estimated as indices of autonomic function. The patients were divided into two groups according to the absence of a decrease (non-dippers) or the presence of a decrease (dippers) in nocturnal diastolic BP (DBP). Results, In comparison with the dippers, the non-dippers showed reduced mean 24-h HR (79.6 vs. 84.0 beats/min, P = 0.05) and reduced mean daytime HR (81.3 vs. 86.0 beats/min, P = 0.05). The QT interval was prolonged in the non-dippers (366.3 vs. 347.5 ms, P = 0.015), and end systolic (28.7 vs. 25.9 mm, P = 0.004) and end diastolic left ventricular diameters (47.8 vs. 45.5 mm, P = 0.037) were greater. In stepwise multiple regression, HR variables were the most important factors affecting DBP ratio or the duration of the QT interval. Conclusions, In conclusion, normotensive diabetic adolescents with impaired nocturnal BP reduction also have impaired autonomic function tests, in association with prolonged QT interval and increased left ventricular diameters. These findings suggest that diabetic adolescents who have the ,non-dipper' phenomenon may need close follow-up for the possible development of vascular complications, such as cardiac arrhythmias and left-ventricular hypertrophy. [source] Left Ventricular Function in Male Patients with Secondary HypogonadismECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2007Oben Baysan M.D. Background: In addition to the effects on ventricular repolarization, testosterone could also affect left ventricular performance. The enhancement of left ventricular contractility in testosterone-deficient rats following testosterone replacement implies to the possible testosterone effect. Objectives: The aim of the current study is to reveal the alterations of left ventricular functions, if any, in secondary hypogonadal male patients. Methods: Thirty-four males with secondary hypogonadism comprised the study group. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. Echocardiographic measurements including left ventricular dimensions, ejection fraction, mitral inflow, and left ventricular outflow parameters were obtained from all subjects. Tissue Doppler parameters were also measured from left ventricular lateral wall and interventricular septum. Results: Left ventricular diameters, wall thicknesses, and performance parameters were similar in both groups. Mitral inflow parameters showed a statistically insignificant difference. Pulse-wave tissue Doppler interpretation of hypogonadal and healthy subjects were similar in terms of lateral and septal basal segment Sm, Em, and Am wave velocities. Conclusions: Regarding the findings of previous studies that showed impaired myocardial contractility and lusitropy in testosterone deficient rats and our study results, further studies are needed for better understanding of testosterone's effects on human myocardium. [source] Echocardiographic Follow-Up of Patients with Takayasu's Arteritis: Five-Year SurvivalECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2006Marķa Elena Soto M.D, Ms.Sc. Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a primary vasculitis that causes stenosis or occlusion, rarely aneurysm and distal ischemia. This study was undertaken to examine cardiovascular damage using echocardiography and determine the causes of morbid-mortality in Mexican Mestizo patients with TA. Seventy-six patients were studied by transthoracic echocardiography. Left ventricular diameters, parietal thickness, systolic function, and wall motion were analyzed, also, valvular lesions and aorta features were assessed. Thickness of the interventricular septum was 12 mm ± 3 (8,19), and that of posterior wall was 12 mm ± 2 (9,18). The average left ventricular diastolic diameter was 47 mm ± 7 (33,68) and the left ventricular systolic diameter 32 mm ± 8 (16,64). The left ventricular ejection fraction was of 57 ± 11%. Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy was found in 28 (50%) of the 56 hypertensive patients. The five-year survival of patients with left ventricular concentric hypertrophy was 80%, compared to 95% in patients without hypertrophy (P = 0.00). Abnormal wall motion was found in 15 patients. Thirty-one patients had aortic regurgitation, 19 had mitral regurgitation, 13 had tricuspid regurgitation, and 10 and pulmonary hypertension. Six patients had aneurysms of ascending aorta and 7 stenosis of descending aorta. Thirteen of 76 patients died (17%), 85% were hypertensive, and 9% also had acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Echocardiography, a noninvasive technique, shows a great utility in detection and follow-up of cardiovascular manifestations in patients with TA. New techniques, more sensitive toward detecting the early stages of left ventricular dysfunction, are promising to limit left ventricular hypertrophy development. [source] Interdialytic blood pressure obtained by ambulatory blood pressure measurement and left ventricular structure in hypertensive hemodialysis patientsHEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008Siddig MOMINADAM Abstract Unlike in subjects with normal renal function, the relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients is still being debated. In order to clarify this issue, we performed 44-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) during the interdialytic period in a group of 164 hypertensive patients, the blood pressure (BP) control based on conventional antihypertensive strategy previously, on chronic hemodialysis treatment in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. These results were then compared with their echocardiographic data. This is a cross-sectional analysis. The mean ABPM during 44 hours was close to the manually measured predialysis value, but there was a gradual increase in the ABPM values in the interdialytic period. When divided into a group with mild or no left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (45 patients) and severe LVH (119 patients), the latter had significantly higher BP levels in all separate periods, while the difference in predialysis BP was not significant. Patients with severe LVH had larger left atrium and left ventricular diameters, and consumed more antihypertensive drugs. Systolic BP during the night before dialysis showed the strongest relation to LVH, but interdialytic weight gain was also independently related to LVH. Yet, 56% of the patients with systolic BP <135 had severe LVH. There is not only an association between BP and presence of LVH, but it is shown that volume expansion is also an important independent determinant of LVH. This may explain the difficulty in identifying hypertension as a cardiac risk factor in these patients. [source] Mitral Valve Replacements in Redo Patients with Previous Mitral Valve Procedures: Mid-Term Results and Risk Factors for SurvivalJOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY, Issue 5 2008Tankut Hakki Akay M.D. Patients and Methods: Between September 1989 and December 2003, 62 redo patients have undergone mitral valve replacements due to subsequent mitral valve problems. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were analyzed retrospectively and evaluated for risk factors affecting hospital mortality, mid- and long-term survival. Results: The hospital mortality was 6.4%. The one-, five-, and 10-year actuarial survival rates were 94%± 2%, 89%± 6%, and 81 ± 9%. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV, low left ventricular ejection fraction (<35%), increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) > 50 mm, female gender, pulmonary edema, and urgent operations were found to be risk factors in short-term survival. NYHA functional class IV, low left ventricular ejection fraction, increased LVEDD, and increased left atrial diameter (LA > 60 mm) were risk factors in mid-term survival. Conclusion: Redo mitral valve surgery with mechanical prosthesis offers encouraging short- and mid-term survival. NYHA functional class IV, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and increased left ventricular diameters were especially associated with increased short- and mid-term mortality. Earlier surgical management before the development of severe heart failure and myocardial dysfunction would improve the results of redo mitral valve surgery. [source] | ||||||||||