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Ventricle Size (ventricle + size)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Testing Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Alcoholic Heart Muscle Disease

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 10 2001
Olli A. Kajander
Background: Although many heavy alcohol users have subclinical alcoholic heart muscle disease, only a very few develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy. Therefore, and because cardiac abnormalities correlate only weakly with the duration or quantity of drinking, individual susceptibility differences may exist. In this work we examined whether common gene variants previously associated with cardiac hypertrophy or altered alcohol metabolism could modify the effects of alcohol on the heart. Methods: We studied 700 middle-aged male victims of sudden death who underwent a medicolegal autopsy. In addition to routine postmortem examination, the weights and the cavity and wall dimensions of the left and right ventricle were measured. Coronary artery stenoses were determined from a silicone rubber cast of the arteries. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by a structured interview of the spouse. The following gene polymorphisms were determined by using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and solid-phase minisequencing techniques: angiotensin converting enzyme I/D, angiotensin II type 1 receptor 1166A/C, aldosterone synthase ,344C/T, alcohol dehydrogenases 2 and 3, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2, and cytochrome P-450 2E1 Dra I, Pst I, Rsa I, and Msp I. Results: The most consistent effects of alcohol (p < 0.05) were a higher total heart weight and a larger right ventricle size with increasing daily drinking. However, these and other effects of alcohol were statistically fully independent of the studied genotypes. Conclusions: The gene polymorphisms selected for and analyzed in our study are unlikely to modify the effects of alcohol on the heart. Other unknown factors determine the individual susceptibility to alcoholic heart muscle disease. [source]

Frequency of sub-clinical cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis

PEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 2 2006
Nicole S Glaser
Abstract:, Symptomatic cerebral edema occurs in approximately 1% of children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). However, asymptomatic or subclinical cerebral edema is thought to occur more frequently. Some small studies have found narrowing of the cerebral ventricles indicating cerebral edema in most or all children with DKA, but other studies have not detected narrowing in ventricle size. In this study, we measured the intercaudate width of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with DKA during treatment and after recovery from the DKA episode. We determined the frequency of ventricular narrowing and compared clinical and biochemical data for children with and without ventricular narrowing. Forty-one children completed the study protocol. The lateral ventricles were significantly smaller during DKA treatment (mean width, 9.3 ± 0.3 vs. 10.2 ± 0.3 mm after recovery from DKA, p < 0.001). Children with ventricular narrowing during DKA treatment (22 children, 54%) were more likely to have mental status abnormalities than those without narrowing [12/22 vs. 4/19 with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores below 15 during therapy, p = 0.03]. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a lower initial PCO2 level was significantly associated with ventricular narrowing [odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.78,0.99, p = 0.047). No other variables analyzed were associated with ventricular narrowing in the multivariate analysis. We conclude that narrowing of the lateral ventricles is evident in just over half of children being treated for DKA. Although children with ventricular narrowing did not exhibit neurological abnormalities sufficient for a diagnosis of ,symptomatic cerebral edema', mild mental status abnormalities occurred frequently, suggesting that clinical evidence of cerebral edema in children with DKA may be more common than previously reported. [source]

Third-trimester fetal MRI in isolated 10- to 12-mm ventriculomegaly: is it worth it?

BJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 8 2006
LJ Salomon
Objective, The justification for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in isolated mild ventriculomegaly remains controversial. This study was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of third-trimester MRI in isolated 10- to 12-mm fetal ventriculomegaly. Design, Observational prospective cohort study. Setting, Universitary prenatal reference centre. Population, From February 2000 to May 2005, we prospectively collected data concerning fetuses referred to us for cerebral MRI following detection of ventriculomegaly by ultrasound scan (n= 310). Methods, Among these, we identified and analysed those cases in which ventriculomegaly was isolated and did not exceed 12 mm in ultrasound examinations prior to MRI scan (n= 185). Main outcome measure, Cases in which MRI provided additional information that was likely to have an impact on prenatal management were detailed. Results, During the study period, 310 MRI were performed because of fetal ventriculomegaly. Hundred and eighty-five were suspected to be isolated 10- to 12-mm ventriculomegalies in ultrasound scan and formed our database. MRI confirmed the 10- to 12-mm isolated fetal ventriculomegaly in 106 cases (57.3%) and found other abnormalities in 5 (4.7%) of these 106 cases. MRI found ventricular measurement to be less than 10 mm in 43 cases (23.3%) and more than 12 mm in 36 cases (19.4%). Among these 36 fetuses with ventricle size more than 12 mm, 6 (16.7%) had other abnormalities, whereas MRI did not find other abnormalities in the 43 cases with ventricle size below 10 mm. Conclusion, Before advantages of MRI to ultrasound examination can be demonstrated, it seems reasonable that MRI should remain an investigational tool, restricted to selected clinical situations in which the results are expected to modify case management. Where ultrasound scan suspects isolated ventriculomegaly of 10 to 12 mm, our data suggest that when the finding is confirmed with MRI this could be expected in around 5% of cases. Therefore, the policy of routine MRI in such cases should depend on prenatal centres' priorities. [source]

Establishment of nomograms and reference ranges for intra-cranial ventricular dimensions and ventriculo-hemispheric ratio in newborns by ultrasonography

ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2008
Vishal Sondhi
Abstract Aim: To establish normal ranges for the lateral, third, and fourth ventricular dimensions and the ventriculo-hemispheric ratio (VHR) in neonates using cranial ultrasonography. Method: Intra-cranial ventricles were assessed ultrasonographically using anterior fontanelle as acoustic window. Data were analyzed to determine correlation, coefficient of determination (R2), regression equations and plotted against gestational age (GA). Results: Of total 1483 neonates (25,42 w GA), 372(25%) had GA < 34 weeks. GA strongly correlated with anterior horn width (AHW; 0.92), thalamo-occipital distance (TOD; 0.94), and third (0.78) and fourth (0.89) ventricular widths. The R2 values were 0.85, 0.88, 0.66 and 0.80, respectively. VHR had weak correlation (0.12, R2= 0.005) with GA and stayed constant (0.27,0.28) across GA. Nomograms of AHW, TOD, and third and fourth ventricular widths were constructed with respect to GA. Conclusion: Intra-cranial ventricles increase in size with GA but this increase is limited to only a few mm and is proportional to increment in brain tissue. Nomograms and regression equations of AHW, TOD and widths of third and fourth ventricles can assist in objectively assessing ventricular sizes. The almost uniform VHR can be used to screen ventricle size while suspecting hydrocephalus. [source]