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Vegetative Organs (vegetative + organ)
Selected AbstractsRelationship between Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Mineral Content and Gas Exchange Parameters in Vegetative Organs of Wheat Grown under Three Different Water RegimesJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 3 2010L. Zhu Abstract Carbon isotope discrimination (,) has been proposed as an indirect selection criterion for transpiration efficiency and grain yield in wheat. However, because of high cost for , analysis, attempts have been made to identify alternative screening criteria. Ash content (ma) has been proposed as an alternative criterion for , in wheat and barley. A pot experiment was conducted to analyse the relationship between ,, mineral content and gas exchange parameters in seedlings and leaves of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants of 10 genotypes were cultivated under three different water regimes corresponding to moderate (T3), intermediate (T2) and severe drought (T1) stress obtained by maintaining soil humidity at 75 %, 55 % and 45 % of the humidity at field capacity respectively. , and ma in seedlings and leaves showed significant differences among the three water treatments. Significant positive correlations were found between , and ma in seedlings and leaves at elongation and anthesis stages in severe drought stress (T1). , was negatively associated with potassium (K) content in intermediate drought stress (T2) and positively with magnesium (Mg) content in T2 and T3 (moderate drought stress) in flag leaf at anthesis. There were negative correlations between , and single-leaf intrinsic water-use efficiency (WT) in T2 and T3 at anthesis stage. Stronger positive associations were noted between , and stomatal conductance (gs) in T1 and T2 than in T3 at anthesis. These results suggested that , is a good trait as an indirect selection criterion for genotypic improvement in transpiration efficiency, while ma is a possible alternative criterion of , in wheat vegetative organs, especially in stressed environments. Significant association was found between , and K, Mg and Ca contents that would merit being better investigated. [source] Accumulation and Dynamic Trends of Triterpenoid Saponin in Vegetative Organs of Achyranthus bidentataJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Jinting Li Abstract The relationship between structural features of various vegetative organs and triterpenoid saponin accumulation in Achyranthus bidentata Blume was investigated using anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry. The results showed that the primary and secondary structures of roots, and the structures of stems and leaves of A. bidentata, were similar to those of ordinary dicotyledonous plants. The enlargement of its roots, however, was primarily associated with growth and differentiation of tertiary structures. There were collateral medullary vascular bundles in addition to the normal vascular bundles in the stem. The tertiary structure was not only main parts in the roots of A. bidentata, but also important storage region of triterpenoid saponin in its growth and development. The stem may be the essential transport organ of triterpenoid saponin, while palisade parenchyma may be the primary synthesis location. In November, the total quantity of triterpenoid saponin and overall biomass in the roots reach a maximum level. This was the best time, therefore, to harvest the roots and corresponded to the traditional harvest period. Despite the withered appearance of leaves, stems also contained substantial amounts of triterpenoid saponin, and it was recommended that the stems of A. bidentata should be used. [source] Relationship between Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Mineral Content and Gas Exchange Parameters in Vegetative Organs of Wheat Grown under Three Different Water RegimesJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 3 2010L. Zhu Abstract Carbon isotope discrimination (,) has been proposed as an indirect selection criterion for transpiration efficiency and grain yield in wheat. However, because of high cost for , analysis, attempts have been made to identify alternative screening criteria. Ash content (ma) has been proposed as an alternative criterion for , in wheat and barley. A pot experiment was conducted to analyse the relationship between ,, mineral content and gas exchange parameters in seedlings and leaves of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plants of 10 genotypes were cultivated under three different water regimes corresponding to moderate (T3), intermediate (T2) and severe drought (T1) stress obtained by maintaining soil humidity at 75 %, 55 % and 45 % of the humidity at field capacity respectively. , and ma in seedlings and leaves showed significant differences among the three water treatments. Significant positive correlations were found between , and ma in seedlings and leaves at elongation and anthesis stages in severe drought stress (T1). , was negatively associated with potassium (K) content in intermediate drought stress (T2) and positively with magnesium (Mg) content in T2 and T3 (moderate drought stress) in flag leaf at anthesis. There were negative correlations between , and single-leaf intrinsic water-use efficiency (WT) in T2 and T3 at anthesis stage. Stronger positive associations were noted between , and stomatal conductance (gs) in T1 and T2 than in T3 at anthesis. These results suggested that , is a good trait as an indirect selection criterion for genotypic improvement in transpiration efficiency, while ma is a possible alternative criterion of , in wheat vegetative organs, especially in stressed environments. Significant association was found between , and K, Mg and Ca contents that would merit being better investigated. [source] Growth and Yield Performance of Some Cotton Cultivars in Xinjiang, China, An Arid Area with Short Growing PeriodJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004C. Wang Abstract Eleven cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars were evaluated for their growth and yield performance in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, an area in Central Asia with short growing period in 1999 and 2000. In each cultivar the number of bolls per plant was low and the number of bolls per unit area was high. Each cultivar showed rather high seed and lint yields. The highest lint yield was Xinluzao 10 in both years with 1761 and 1809 kg ha,1. High yield ability of the cultivars in this study was attributed to large number of bolls per unit area with high lint percentage. Seed and lint yields had significant positive correlations with mean net assimilation rate, ratio of reproductive to vegetative organs and mean boll weight at earlier stages of boll growth, suggesting that early boll formation and successive partitioning of dry matter into bolls were important factors for boll growth in this study area. [source] Accumulation and Dynamic Trends of Triterpenoid Saponin in Vegetative Organs of Achyranthus bidentataJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Jinting Li Abstract The relationship between structural features of various vegetative organs and triterpenoid saponin accumulation in Achyranthus bidentata Blume was investigated using anatomy, histochemistry and phytochemistry. The results showed that the primary and secondary structures of roots, and the structures of stems and leaves of A. bidentata, were similar to those of ordinary dicotyledonous plants. The enlargement of its roots, however, was primarily associated with growth and differentiation of tertiary structures. There were collateral medullary vascular bundles in addition to the normal vascular bundles in the stem. The tertiary structure was not only main parts in the roots of A. bidentata, but also important storage region of triterpenoid saponin in its growth and development. The stem may be the essential transport organ of triterpenoid saponin, while palisade parenchyma may be the primary synthesis location. In November, the total quantity of triterpenoid saponin and overall biomass in the roots reach a maximum level. This was the best time, therefore, to harvest the roots and corresponded to the traditional harvest period. Despite the withered appearance of leaves, stems also contained substantial amounts of triterpenoid saponin, and it was recommended that the stems of A. bidentata should be used. [source] Zinc alleviates growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by cadmium in riceJOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2005Muhammad Jaffar Hassan Abstract A hydroponic experiment with two rice cultivars differing in cadmium (Cd) tolerance was conducted to investigate the alleviating effect of zinc (Zn) on growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by Cd. Treatments consisted of all combinations of two Zn concentrations (0.2 and 1 ,M), three Cd concentrations (0, 1, and 5 ,M), and two rice cultivars (Bing 97252, Cd-tolerant; Xiushui 63, Cd-sensitive). Cd toxicity caused a dramatic reduction in plant height and biomass, chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate, and an increase in Cd concentration in both roots and shoots, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities in shoots. The response of all these parameters was much larger for Xiushui 63 than for Bing 97252. Addition of Zn to the medium solution alleviated Cd toxicity, which was reflected in a significant increase in plant height, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, and photosynthetic rate, and a marked decrease in MDA concentration and activity of anti-oxidative enzymes. However, it was noted that Zn increased shoot Cd concentration at higher Cd supply, probably due to the enhancement of Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine the effect of Zn supply on Cd translocation from vegetative organs to grains or grain Cd accumulation before Zn fertilizer is applied to Cd-contaminated soils to alleviate Cd toxicity in rice. [source] Differences in growth and yield in response to cadmium toxicity in cotton genotypesJOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2004Feibo Wu Abstract A greenhouse hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of cadmium (Cd; 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10 ,M in nutrient solution) on yield and yield components as well as Cd concentration and accumulation in three cotton genotypes (Simian 3, Zhongmian 16, Zhongmian 16,2). The results showed that Cd concentration in different organs increased with increasing Cd levels in the nutrient solution in the following order: root > petiole > xylem > fruiting branch, leaf > phloem in vegetative organs and seed coat, seed nut > boll shell > fiber in reproductive organs. There were significant genotypic differences in functional leaf and petiole Cd concentrations at 1 and 10 ,M Cd treatments, with the cultivar Simian 3 showing higher Cd concentrations and greater reductions in lint yield than the other two genotypes. [source] Organ-specific, developmental, hormonal and stress regulation of expression of putative pectate lyase genes in ArabidopsisNEW PHYTOLOGIST, Issue 3 2007Saiprasad Goud Palusa Summary ,,Pectate lyases catalyse the eliminative cleavage of de-esterified homogalacturonan in pectin, a major component of the primary cell walls in higher plants. In the completed genome of Arabidopsis, there are 26 genes (AtPLLs) that encode pectate lyase-like proteins. ,,Here, we analysed the expression pattern of all AtPLLs in different organs, at different stages of seedling development and in response to various hormones and stresses. ,,The expression of PLLs varied considerably in different organs, with no expression of some PLLs in vegetative organs. Interestingly, all PLL genes are expressed in flowers. Several PLLs are expressed highly in pollen, suggesting a role for these in pollen development and/or function. Analysis of expression of all PLL genes in seedlings treated with hormones, abiotic stresses and elicitors of defense responses revealed significant changes in the expression of some PLLs without affecting the other PLLs. The stability of transcripts of PLLs varied considerably among different genes. ,,Our results indicate a complex regulation of expression of PLLs and involvement of PLLs in some of the hormonal and stress responses. [source] Uptake and distribution of root-applied or foliar-applied 65Zn after flowering in aerobic riceANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2007W. Jiang Abstract We investigated the uptake and distribution of zinc (Zn) either applied to the roots or to the leaves in rice during grain development. Plants of two aerobic rice cultivars were grown in a nutrient solution with either sufficient Zn or surplus Zn. Root treatment with 1 week,s supply of both 65Zn and unlabelled Zn was started at flowering or 15 days after flowering (DAF). Foliar treatment with 65Zn applied to the flag leaf or to senescent leaves was carried out at flowering. When 65Zn was applied to roots, plants continued to take up Zn after flowering, even beyond 15 DAF, irrespective of cultivar and Zn nutritional status of the plants. During the 1 week of supply of both 65Zn and unlabelled Zn, which either started at flowering or 15 DAF, the absorbed 65Zn was mainly distributed to roots, stem and grains. Little 65Zn was allocated to the leaves. Following a week of 65Zn supply directly after flowering, under sufficient Zn or surplus Zn, the proportions of total 65Zn uptake allocated to the grains continued to change during grain filling (9,33%). This Zn mainly came from the roots but under sufficient Zn supply also from the stem. With 65Zn applied to leaves (either the flag leaf or the lowest senescent leaf), both cultivars showed similar Zn distribution within the plants. About 45,50% of the 65Zn absorbed was transported out of the 65Zn-treated leaf. From that Zn, more than 90% was translocated to other vegetative organs; little was partitioned to the panicle parts and even less to the grains. These results suggest that in rice plants grown under sufficient or surplus Zn supply, most of the Zn accumulated in the grains originates from uptake by roots after flowering and not from Zn remobilisation from leaves. [source] | |||||||||||||