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Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences33%

Selected Abstracts

Knightly Complements: The Malcontent and the Matter of Wit

ENGLISH LITERARY RENAISSANCE, Issue 2 2010
Ian Munro
This essay uses John Marston's play The Malcontent to explore the social understanding and cultural practice of wit in the early modern period. Through the interactions between its various versions, The Malcontent charts the linguistic, stylistic, and cultural boundaries of early modern wit as both intrinsic class marker and promiscuous commodity. This duality of wit helps the play negotiate the complexities of its own theatrical genealogy that not only inform the larger context of wit in the period, but also inflect, in significant ways, the play's modern reception. (I.M.) [source]

Moving least-square interpolants in the hybrid particle method

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 4 2005
H. Huang
Abstract The hybrid particle method (HPM) is a particle-based method for the solution of high-speed dynamic structural problems. In the current formulation of the HPM, a moving least-squares (MLS) interpolant is used to compute the derivatives of stress and velocity components. Compared with the use of the MLS interpolant at interior particles, the boundary particles require two additional treatments in order to compute the derivatives accurately. These are the rotation of the local co-ordinate system and the imposition of boundary constraints, respectively. In this paper, it is first shown that the derivatives found by the MLS interpolant based on a complete polynomial are indifferent to the orientation of the co-ordinate system. Secondly, it is shown that imposing boundary constraints is equivalent to employing ghost particles with proper values assigned at these particles. The latter can further be viewed as placing the boundary particle in the centre of a neighbourhood that is formed jointly by the original neighbouring particles and the ghost particles. The benefit of providing a symmetric or a full circle of neighbouring points is revealed by examining the error terms generated in approximating the derivatives of a Taylor polynomial by using a linear-polynomial-based MLS interpolant. Symmetric boundaries have mostly been treated by using ghost particles in various versions of the available particle methods that are based on the strong form of the conservation equations. In light of the equivalence of the respective treatments of imposing boundary constraints and adding ghost particles, an alternative treatment for symmetry boundaries is proposed that involves imposing only the symmetry boundary constraints for the HPM. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach for symmetric boundaries in an axisymmetric impact problem. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

On the Construction of Imputation Classes in Surveys

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2007
David Haziza
Summary This paper explores the problem of the construction of imputation classes using the score method, sometimes called predictive mean stratification or response propensity stratification, depending on the context. This method was studied in Thomsen (1973), Little (1986) and Eltinge & Yansaneh (1997). We use a different framework to evaluate the properties of the resulting imputed estimator of a population mean. In our framework, we condition on the realized sample. This enables us to considerably simplify our theoretical developments in the frequent situation where the boundaries and the number of classes are sample-dependent. We find that the key factor for reducing the non-response bias is to form classes homogeneous with respect to the response probabilities and/or the conditional expectation of the variable of interest. In the latter case, the non-response/imputation variance is also reduced. Finally, we performed a simulation study to fully evaluate various versions of the score method and to compare them with a cross-classification method, which is frequently used in practice. The results showed the superiority of the score method in general. Résumé Cet article étudie la construction des classes d'imputation par la méthode des scores, appelée également stratification par moyenne prédite ou stratification par propensité de réponse selon le contexte. Cette méthode a étéétudiée par Thomsen (1973), Little (1986) et Eltinge et Yansaneh (1997). Nous utilisons un cadre de travail différent permettant d'évaluer les propriétés de l'estimateur imputé de la moyenne de la population selon lequel nous conditionnons sur l'échantillon réalisé. Ceci nous permet de simplifier considérablement les développements théoriques lorsque les bornes et le nombre de classes dépendent de l'échantillon, ce qui survient fréquemment en pratique. Nous déterminons que le facteur clé permettant de réduire le biais du à la non-réponse est de former des classes qui soient homogènes par rapport aux probabilités de réponse et/ou à l'espérance conditionnelle de la variable d'intérêt. Dans ce dernier cas, la variance due à la non-réponse et à l'imputation est également réduite. Finalement, nous effectuons une étude par simulation afin d'évaluer en profondeur plusieurs versions de la méthode des scores et de comparer celles-ci avec la méthode par croisement qui est fréquemment utilisée en pratique. Les résultats obtenus montrent la supériorité de la méthode des scores en général. [source]

Schwarz, Wallace, and Rissanen: Intertwining Themes in Theories of Model Selection

INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW, Issue 2 2001
Aaron D. Lanterman
Summary Investigators interested in model order estimation have tended to divide themselves into widely separated camps; this survey of the contributions of Schwarz, Wallace, Rissanen, and their coworkers attempts to build bridges between the various viewpoints, illuminating connections which may have previously gone unnoticed and clarifying misconceptions which seem to have propagated in the applied literature. Our tour begins with Schwarz's approximation of Bayesian integrals via Laplace's method. We then introduce the concepts underlying Rissanen's minimum description length principle via a Bayesian scenario with a known prior; this provides the groundwork for understanding his more complex non-Bayesian MDL which employs a "universal" encoding of the integers. Rissanen's method of parameter truncation is contrasted with that employed in various versions of Wallace's minimum message length criteria. Rissanen's more recent notion of stochastic complexity is outlined in terms of Bernardo's information-theoretic derivation of the Jeffreys prior. Résumé Il existe deux courants d'idées tres différents en recberche sur I' ordre de modéles.Ce papier est une revue des contributions de Schwarz, Wallace, Rissanen, et de leurs collaborateurs, Son but est de rapprocher leurs points de vue, d' établir de nouvelles connexions entre certains problémes, et de corriger certaines interprétations erronées qui sont apparues dans la litérature appliquée. Notre revue commence par I' approximation d' intégrales Bayesiennes au moyen de la méthode de Lapace,étudiée par Schwarz. Nous introduisons ensuite le principe de longueur descriptive minimale de Rissanen dans le cadre d' un scénario d' estimation Bayesienne. Ceci permet une nouvelle interpretation de ses méthodes d' estimation basées sur un codage "univasel" des entiers nabuels. Nous comparons la technique de paramétres de Rissanen avec cellcs qu'utilisc Wallace daar sa mtOaic du crib de longueur minimale d'un mtssage. Nous tcrminons cette étude par une présentation de la notion de complexité stochastique de Rissanen et ses connexions avec la distribution de Jeffreys, dont Bernardo a presenté une dérivation basée sur la théorie de l'infaamation. [source]

The Monroe Doctrine: Meanings and Implications

PRESIDENTIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2006
MARK T. GILDERHUS
This article presents a brief history of the Monroe Doctrine since its articulation in 1823. First conceived as a statement in opposition to European intrusions in the Americas, it became under President Theodore Roosevelt a justification for U.S. intervention. To cultivate Latin American trade and goodwill during the Great Depression and the Second World War, Franklin Roosevelt's administration accepted the principle of nonintervention. Later with the onset of the Cold War, perceived international imperatives led to a series of new interventions in countries such as Guatemala, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Chile. Though typically couched in idealistic rhetoric emphasizing Pan-American commitments to solidarity and democracy, the various versions of the Monroe Doctrine consistently served U.S. policy makers as a means for advancing what they understood as national strategic and economic interests. [source]

The Institutional Context of Market Ideology: A Comparative Analysis of the Values and Perceptions of Local Government CEOs in 14 OECD Countries

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 2 2004
Morten Balle Hansen
During recent decades, various versions of market practices have, in most nation states, diffused into the public sector. We analyse variations in the adoption of market ideologies and examine plausible explanations for these variations. Four managerial ideal types are constructed, based on their attitudes towards two dimensions of market ideology. Managerial attitudes and perceptions are conceived as embedded in a global process of diffusion highly affected by varying institutional preconditions. The impact of five types of institutional contexts is examined: the national context, the organizational context, the context of interaction, the context of socialization and the norms of the manager. [source]