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Various Transcription Factors (various + transcription_factor)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%
Life Sciences	40%

Selected Abstracts

Organ patterning in the adult stage: The role of Wnt/,-catenin signaling in liver zonation and beyond

DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 1 2010
Rolf Gebhardt
Abstract Wnt/,-catenin signaling has been found to play key roles in metabolic zonation of adult liver, regeneration, and hepatocellular carcinogenesis. In this review, recent progress in this field is summarized, in particular the rapidly growing knowledge about the various interactions of ,-catenin with many transcription factors involved in controlling metabolism. These interactions may provide the basis for understanding how the wide range of activities of Wnt/,-catenin signaling is differentially interpreted. Based on these results, a three-level mode for the molecular interpretation of ,-catenin activity gradients in liver is proposed favoring cell differentiation, metabolic zonation, and proliferation. While derangement of the combinatorial interplay of the various transcription factors with ,-catenin at the intermediary activity level may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, extremely high activation of ,-catenin may eventually lead to initiation and progression of hepatocellular tumors. Developmental Dynamics 239:45,55, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

E-box protein E2-2 is a crucial regulator of plasmacytoid DC development,

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 9 2008
Eiji Esashi
Abstract DC play central roles in priming both innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple DC subsets have been identified on the basis of their phenotype and function. Plasmacytoid DC (pDC) are professional IFN-producing cells that play an essential role in anti-viral immunity. A series of recent studies demonstrates that the regulation of pDC development is different from other types of DC. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, new insight is provided into how human pDC development is regulated by various transcription factors, in particular by the Ets family protein Spi-B and E-box protein E2-2. [source]

Ubiquitin protein modification and signal transduction: Implications for inflammatory bowel diseases

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES, Issue 12 2005
Cormac Taylor PhD
Abstract A dysregulated immune response to luminal antigen(s) is associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). A complex network of inflammatory and immune mediators released by immune and nonimmune cells participate in the physiopathology of IBD. At the molecular level, events leading to the improper use of the signaling grid are likely responsible for the dysregulated activation of various transcription factors and subsequent induction of inflammatory genes. The posttranslational modification of signaling proteins by the ubiquitin system is a critical event in activation or repression of transcription factors. Two important transcriptional pathways in which ubiquitin is central are the nuclear factor-,B and hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathways, both of which are important components of intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the role of ubiquitin modification in relation to nuclear factor-,B and HIF-1 signaling and consider its impact on intestinal inflammation. A greater understanding of posttranslational ubiquitin modification may lead to the identification of new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of IBD. [source]

Microarray analysis of transcription factor gene expression in melatonin-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2006
Eunyoung Ha
Abstract:, The existence of specific melatonin-binding sites in lymphoid cells led to the discovery of signal transduction pathway for melatonin in human lymphocytes and immunomodulatory role of melatonin in immune cells. In recent years, transcriptional regulation of melatonin on various transcription factors has been demonstrated. Therefore, this study was designed to assess by cDNA microarray analysis the regulatory effects of melatonin on transcription factors in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Forty-six genes were upregulated and 23 were downregulated more than twofold in melatonin-treated PBMCs. Of the more than twofold upregulated transcription factor genes, homeo box A4 (HOXA4), forkhead box O1A (FOXO1A), transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 3 (TCEB3), and peroxisome proliferative activated receptor delta (PPARD) were identified. Of the more than twofold downregulated genes, PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15) and zinc finger protein 33a (ZNF33A) were identified. In summary, identification of these genes by cDNA microarray analysis in response to melatonin administration may provide a foundation for further studies on the function of melatonin in human PBMCs. [source]

Regulation of TGF-, signaling and its roles in progression of tumors

CANCER SCIENCE, Issue 3 2003
Kohei Miyazono
Transforming growth factor-, (TGF-,) is a potent growth inhibitor of most types of cells; therefore, perturbations of TGF-, signaling are believed to result in progression of various tumors. On the other hand, TGF-, has been shown to act as an oncogenic cyto-kine through induction of extracellular matrices, angiogenesis, and immune suppression. A wide variety of effects of TGF-p are mediated by physical interaction of signal transducer Smad proteins with various transcription factors. Among these, Runx3 plays a pivotal role in prevention of gastric cancer. TGF-, signaling is regulated by various mechanisms in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Inhibitory Smads (l-Smads) repress TGF-, signaling mainly by interacting with activated TGF-, receptors. Smad ubiquitin regulatory factors (Smurfs) play important roles in facilitating the inhibitory signals induced by l-Smads. In addition, the transcrip-tional co-repressors c-Ski and SnoN interact with Smads, and repress transcription induced by TGF-,. Abnormalities of these regulators of TGF-, signaling may thus participate in the progression of various tumors. (Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 230,234) [source]