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Various Subtypes (various + subtype)
Selected AbstractsAnalysis of proliferating cell fraction determined by monoclonal antibody to M1-subunit ribonucleotide reductase and Ki-67 in relation to p53 protein expression in fine-needle aspirates from non-Hodgkin's lymphomasCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2000V. Sviatoha Analysis of proliferating cell fraction determined by monoclonal antibody to M1-subunit ribonucleotide reductase and Ki-67 in relation to p53 protein expression in fine-needle aspirates from non Hodgkin's lymphomas The purpose of this study was to analyse the proliferative fraction with the monoclonal antibody M1-R-R to M1-subunit ribonucleotide reductase and with MIB-1 to Ki-67 antigen in relation to p53 protein expression in fine needle aspirates from B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. One hundred and thirty-seven cases, previously diagnosed and sub-typed according to the Kiel classification and characterized by immunophenotyping, were included in the study. The M-1 subunit ribonucleotide reductase (M1 -R-R), Ki-67 and p53 antigens were detected using monoclonal antibodies on stored cytospin preparations. There was a good correlation (r = 0.72) between Ki-67 and M1 -R-R positive cell fraction in both high and low grade lymphomas. High-grade lymphomas had a median percentage of M1 -R-R/MIB-1 positive cells of 53.0/73.0 for lymphoblastic, 61.0/52.0 for immunoblastic and 33.5/41.0 for centroblastic lymphomas, respectively. In low grade lymphomas figures of median percentage of M1 -R-R/MIB-1 were 9.0/15.0 for centroblastic/centrocytic, 11.0/9.5 for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 16.0/27.0 for centrocytic and 12.0/9.0 for immunocytomas, respectively. The median percentages of M1 -R-R/MIB-1 for high and low grade lymphomas were 37.0/50.5 and 11.0/12.0, respectively. In the p53 positive cases the proliferation rate as measured by staining for M1 -R-R and MIB-1 was higher than in p53 negative cases, but the difference was not statistically significant. The results show that cytospin material obtained by fine needle aspiration and stored at ,70 °C for years can be used reliably for both peroxidase-avidin-biotin and three-step alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical staining. In addition, proliferation fraction determined by M1 -R-R monoclonal antibody staining correlates well with that measured by an established marker for cell proliferation, the Ki-67 antibody. However, the proliferation fraction as measured by the two antibodies differs in the various subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which indicates that they may contribute different prognostic information. [source] Presynaptic diadenosine polyphosphate receptors: Interaction with other neurotransmitter systemsDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 1-2 2001M. Teresa Miras-Portugal Abstract Diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnA n = 2,6) are natural compounds that can play a neurotransmitter role in the synaptic terminals of the central nervous system. Microfluorimetric studies of [Ca2+]i in single synaptic terminals have shown the presence of specific ionotropic receptors for nucleotides and dinucleotides. These dinucleotide receptors may or may not coexist at the same terminal. Aminergic terminals from rat basal ganglia have been immunologically characterised by the presence of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 after the functional studies. Fifty-eight percent of these terminals respond to nucleotides, and of these, 17% respond only to Ap5A. Cholinergic terminals from rat midbrain were immunologically characterised by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Sixty-three percent of these terminals responded to nucleotides, and of these, 22% responded only to Ap5A. The presynaptic ionotropic dinucleotide receptors can coexist not only with the ATP receptors, but also with various subtypes of nicotinic receptors. GABAergic terminals from rat midbrain were immunologically characterised by the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter. Fifty-nine percent of these terminals responded to nucleotides, and of these, 17% responded only to Ap5A. The presynaptic dinucleotide receptors, when stimulated, are able to induce the GABA release from synaptosomal preparations. These data clearly show the broad interaction of nucleotides and dinucleotides with other neurotransmitter systems. Drug Dev. Res. 52:239,248, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] EFNS guideline on diagnosis and management of limb girdle muscular dystrophiesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 12 2007F. Norwood The limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are termed as such as they share the characteristic feature of muscle weakness predominantly affecting the shoulder and pelvic girdles; their classification has been completely revised in recent years because of elucidation of many of the underlying genetic and protein alterations in the various subtypes. An array of diagnostic measures is possible but with varying ease of use and availability. Several aspects of muscle cell function appear to be involved in the causation of muscle pathology. These cellular variations may confer some specific clinical features thus permitting recognition of the LGMD subtype and hence directing appropriate levels of monitoring and intervention. Despite an extensive literature on the individual limb girdle dystrophies, these publications may be impenetrable for the general neurologist in this increasingly complex field. The proposed guidelines suggest an approach to the diagnosis and monitoring of the limb girdle dystrophies in a manner accessible to general neurologists. [source] Radiosynthesis of novel 18F-labelled derivatives of indiplon as potential GABAA receptor imaging tracers for PETJOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 3 2008Steffen Fischer Abstract The involvement of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors in a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases has promoted the development and use of radiolabelled benzodiazepines (BZ) for brain imaging by PET. However, these radioligands are unable to distinguish between the various subtypes of GABAA receptors. Novel non-BZ such as the pyrazolo-pyrimidine indiplon proved to be selective for the ,1 -subunit of the GABAA receptor. Here, we describe the syntheses of four novel 18F-labelled indiplon derivatives. Radiosyntheses were performed via n.c.a. 18F-nucleophilic substitution starting from the tosyl, bromo, and 4-nitrobenzoyl precursors to obtain fluorine substituted N -alkylamide side chain derivatives of indiplon, followed by multistep purification using semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction. Tosyl and bromo precursors were converted into 18F-labelled indiplon derivatives with good and reproducible radiochemical yield (RCY) (35,70%, decay corrected), high radiochemical purity (,98.5%), and high specific activity (,>,150,GBq/µmol). By contrast, a low RCY (5,10%) and specific activity (10,15,GBq/µmol) were achieved for the 4-nitrobenzoyl precursor. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Broad-spectrum antiviral effect of Agrimonia pilosa extract on influenza virusesMICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Woo-Jin Shin ABSTRACT Influenza virus continues to emerge and re-emerge, posing new threats for humans. Here we tested various Korean medicinal plant extracts for potential antiviral activity against influenza viruses. Among them, an extract of Agrimonia pilosa was shown to be highly effective against all three subtypes of human influenza viruses including H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A subtypes and influenza B virus. The EC50 value against influenza A virus, as tested by the plaque reduction assay on MDCK cells, was 14,23 ,g/ml. The extract also exhibited a virucidal effect at a concentration of 160,570 ng/ml against influenza A and B viruses when the viruses were treated with the extract prior to plaque assay. In addition, when tested in embryonated chicken eggs the extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect in ovo on the H9N2 avian influenza virus at a concentration of 280 ng/ml. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis data showed that the extract, to some degree, suppressed viral RNA synthesis in MDCK cells. HI and inhibition of neuraminidase were observed only at high concentrations of the extract. And yet, the extract's antiviral activity required direct contact between it and the virus, suggesting that its antiviral action is mediated by the viral membrane, but does not involve the two major surface antigens, HA and NA, of the virus. The broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa extract on various subtypes of influenza viruses merits further investigation as it may provide a means of managing avian influenza infections in poultry farms and potential avian-human transmission. [source] Accumulation of apoptotic cells in the epidermis of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus after ultraviolet irradiationARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 3 2006Annegret Kuhn Objective To examine whether apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of skin lesions in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Methods In situ nick translation and TUNEL were performed to detect apoptosis in 85 skin biopsy specimens from patients with various subtypes of CLE. Specimens from normal healthy donors and patients with polymorphous light eruption were used as controls. In addition to assessment of primary lesions, provocative phototesting was carried out to investigate events occurring secondary to UV irradiation during a very early stage of lesion formation. Results A significant increase in apoptotic nuclei was found in the upper epidermal layer of primary and UV light,induced skin lesions of CLE patients compared with controls. In tissue sections obtained from control subjects at 24 hours after a single exposure to UV light, a slight increase in the count of epidermal apoptotic nuclei was present as compared with skin tissue from CLE patients obtained under the same conditions before lesion formation. In sections obtained from controls at 72 hours after irradiation, a significant decrease in the apoptotic nuclei count was observed, consistent with a proper clearance of apoptotic cells in the period between 24 and 72 hours after irradiation. In striking contrast, the number of apoptotic nuclei increased significantly within this period in tissue sections from patients with CLE. Conclusion These data support the hypothesis that apoptotic cells accumulate in the skin of patients with CLE after UV irradiation, as a result of impaired or delayed clearance. The nonengulfed cells may undergo secondary necrosis and release proinflammatory compounds and potential autoantigens, which may contribute to the inflammatory micromilieu that leads to formation of skin lesions in this disease. [source] T-cell receptor-, gene analysis in evolving to advancing cutaneous T-cell lymphomaAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Christopher CI Foo SUMMARY The diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is often a challenge for the dermatopathologist. Early stages can mimic inflammatory dermatoses. Our aim was to explore the applicability of a standard T-cell receptor-, polymerase chain reaction in various subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Ninety-six biopsy specimens from 38 patients were selected. These included 72 specimens of mycosis fungoides, 12 specimens of non-mycosis fungoides T-cell lymphomas, and 12 specimens in which histology was non-specific or equivocal in patients who were later diagnosed to have lymphoma. T-cell clones were detected in 53 of 72 specimens of mycosis fungoides and eight of 12 specimens of non-mycosis fungoides lymphomas. Of the 72 specimens of mycosis fungoides, T-cell clones were detected in eight of 10 specimens of mycosis fungoides-associated follicular mucinosis and pigmented purpura-like mycosis fungoides. Four specimens from the 12 prediagnostic for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas showed presence of T-cell clones, identical to subsequent clones detected when lymphoma was fully established. In specimens where histology is not diagnostic and T-cell receptor-, gene analysis is positive, patients should be followed up closely. T-cell receptor-, gene analysis is a useful adjunct to histological diagnosis of early stage and variant types of mycosis fungoides. [source] Photosensitivity in patients with lupus erythematosus: a clinical and photobiological study of 100 patients using a prolonged phototest protocolBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2003C.J.G. Sanders SummaryBackground There is a clear relationship between ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) and the clinical manifestations of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE). Cutaneous lesions are induced or exacerbated by exposure to UVR. Of patients with LE, 24,83% are reported to be photosensitive to UVR. LE tumidus appears to be the most photosensitive subtype of LE, followed by subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE). In general, the history of patients with LE correlates poorly with the presence or absence of photosensitivity, due to a delayed time interval between UV exposure and exacerbation of skin lesions. Phototesting using artificial UVR and visible light is a reliable way of diagnosing photosensitivity. Objectives To investigate the photoreactivity of patients with various subtypes of LE using an individualized phototest protocol. The results of phototests were correlated with the history of photosensitivity, the subtype of LE, the presence of autoantibodies and the use of anti-inflammatory medication by these patients. Methods Phototesting with UVA, UVB and visible light was performed in 100 patients with LE. The diagnosis of LE was established both on clinical examination and skin histology. Serological studies were also performed in all patients. The phototests were performed on large skin areas of the forearm or trunk; the first dose was twice the minimal erythema dose and the dosage was increased according to the individual reactions of the patients at the test sites. Follow-up of skin reactions at the test sites was performed for up to 2 months. Histological examination of the photoprovoked skin lesions was carried out in 57 patients. Results Of the 100 patients included (81 women and 19 men; mean age 41 years, range 17,79), 46 had chronic discoid LE, 30 SCLE and 24 systemic LE. An abnormal reaction to UVR and visible light was found in 93% of our patients with LE. No clinical or histological evidence at the phototest sites of polymorphic light eruption was found. There was no correlation between photosensitivity and LE subtype, presence of autoantibodies or medical history. Concomitant use of anti-inflammatory medication seemed to exert only minimal influence on the results of phototesting. Conclusions When using an extended phototesting protocol, almost all patients with LE in this study showed clinical and histological evidence of aberrant photosensitivity. Therefore, patients with LE should receive thorough advice and instruction on photoprotective measures, regardless of their history, LE subtype or presence of autoantibodies. [source] Aberrant expression of HLA-G antigen in interferon ,-stimulated acute myelogenous leukaemiaBRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2000Shinichi Mizuno We have analysed the expression of HLA-G in 40 leukaemia samples of various subtypes [seven cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 28 cases of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), three cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and two cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)] by flow cytometry using HLA-G-specific monoclonal antibody. No leukaemia samples expressed HLA-G without incubation with interferon (IFN)-,. However, six out of 28 (21%) AML samples expressed HLA-G upon incubation with IFN-,. These six samples derived from one out of seven M2, two out of eight M4 and three out of five M5. The results indicated that AML cells, especially myelomonocytic leukaemia samples, are capable of expressing the HLA-G molecule. [source] Congenital myopathies , a comprehensive update of recent advancementsACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2009M. C. Sharma The congenital myopathies are relatively newly discovered compared with other categories of muscle diseases. Current research continues to clarify and classify the congenital myopathies. These pose a diagnostic problem and cannot be diagnosed by routine hematoxylin and eosin stain. A lot of special techniques are required to diagnose them correctly and it's various subtypes. The disease specific structural changes seen in the muscle are detected by enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Through this review we provide an up-to-date analysis of congenital myopathies including clinical and pathologic aspects. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||