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Various Subjects (various + subject)
Selected AbstractsDISCUSSIONS AND ARGUMENTS ON VARIOUS SUBJECTS by John Henry Newman, introduction and notes by Gerard Tracey and James Tolhurst, Gracewing, Leominster & University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame IN, 2004, Pp. xlix + 490, £25.00 hbk.NEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1002 2005Todd C. Ream No abstract is available for this article. [source] Discussions and Arguments on Various Subjects.THE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010By John Henry Newman. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Tacrolimus is a class II low-solubility high-permeability drug: The effect of P-glycoprotein efflux on regional permeability of tacrolimus in ratsJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002Shigeki Tamura Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane efflux pump associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) and a known substrate for tacrolimus, in determining the regional intestinal permeability of tacrolimus in rats. Thus, isolated segments of rat jejunum, ileum, or colon were perfused with tacrolimus solutions containing polyethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil 60 surfactant, and with or without verapamil, a P-gp substrate used to reverse the MDR phenotype. The results indicated that the intrinsic permeability of tacrolimus in the jejunum, calculated on the basis of the concentration of non-micellized free tacrolimus, was quite high (,,1.4,×,10,4 cm/s). The apparent permeability (Papp) in the jejunum was unaffected by the presence of verapamil; however, the Papp in the ileum and the colon increased significantly in the presence of verapamil and were similar to the values observed in the jejunum. The results suggest that systemic absorption of tacrolimus from the gastrointestinal tract could be significantly affected by P-gp efflux mechanisms. It is also possible that differences in P-gp function at various intestinal sites in a subject or at a given intestinal site in various subjects could lead to large intra- and interindividual variability in bioavailability of tacrolimus following oral administration. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:719,729, 2002 [source] Initiating and potentiating role of platelets in tissue factor-induced thrombin generation in the presence of plasma: subject-dependent variation in thrombogram characteristicsJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 3 2004K. Vanschoonbeek Summary., The hemostatic activity of plasma is determined by platelet activation and coagulation, which processes are mutually stimulatory. We studied this interaction by measuring the cleavage of fluorescent thrombin substrate in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), using the calibrated thrombogram method. In freshly isolated human plasma, thrombin formation triggered by tissue factor was fully dependent on the presence of platelets. It was abolished by annexin A5, indicating dependence on phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at activated platelets. Comparison of plasmas from various subjects showed considerable interindividual variation in total amount of thrombin generation, regardless of whether platelets or PS-containing phospholipids were present. Integrin ,IIb,3 antagonists and ADP receptor blockage, but not aspirin, decreased the rate of thrombin generation (thrombin peak level) and extended the time of onset. Platelet inhibition with cAMP-elevating agents decreased the thrombin-forming rate, but surprisingly shortened the onset time. Stimulation of platelets with agonists of Gi/q-coupled receptors and, to a larger extent, with collagen or Ca2+ -ionophore increased the rate of thrombin generation and shortened its onset. In PRP from donors with low and high generation, platelet inhibitors and activators were similarly effective. Taken together, these results indicate that, in tissue factor-triggered PRP, PS exposure on activated platelets regulates both onset and rate of thrombin generation. However, coagulant activity rather than platelet activation determines the total amount of thrombin formed, i.e. the endogenous thrombin potential. Thus, kinetics of thrombin generation in PRP are controlled by platelet inhibitors and agonists, but the process is restricted in amount by the subject-dependent variation in coagulation. [source] The Death of the Collective Subject in Uwe Johnson's Mutmassungen über JakobORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 6 2003David Kenosian In previous interpretations of Uwe Johnson's Mutmassungen über Jakob, critics have focused primarily on Johnson's relationship to socialism on the complex narrative structure of the novel. In this essay, I explore a topic that has received comparatively little attention: Johnson's notion of subjectivity. I show that Johnson's attempt to challenge Marxist concepts of the collective subject is inseparably linked to his views on representing history. Johnson's first move is to eliminate the omniscient Socialist Realist narrator who is supposed to have a greater understanding of societal forces than do the characters in the fictional world. But in Mutmassungen über Jakob, it is the protagonist (Jakob) who has a greater understanding of politics than the former Socialist Realist narrator (Rohlfs). Their relationship undermines the political hierarchy constituted by workers and party. In addition, history in the novel is not narrated from a privileged epistemological position. Rather, it is reconstructed in a negotiation among various subjects (characters) at the porous border between history and memory. This self-reflexive model of historiography is, as implied by Uwe Johnson, democratic, in contradistinction to Socialist Realism. Finally, I point out that this model of writing history in Mutmassungen über Jakob anticipates the polyphonic representation of the past in Johnson's Jahrestage (1970,83). In Johnson's final work, German history is consequently written in dialogues with Germans, immigrants from Eastern Europe, Holocaust survivors, and textual sources from various countries. [source] | ||||||||||