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Various Rates (various + rate)
Selected AbstractsLaryngeal Preservation With Supracricoid Partial Laryngectomy Results in Improved Quality of Life When Compared With Total Laryngectomy,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 2 2001Gregory S. Weinstein MD Abstract Objectives/Hypotheses Study 1: To assess the oncologic outcome following supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL). Study 2: To compare the quality of life (QOL) following SCPL to total laryngectomy (TL) with tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP). Study 3: To analyze whole organ TL sections to determine the percentage of lesions amenable to SCPL. Study Design Study 1: A retrospective review of patients who underwent SCPL. Study 2: A non-randomized, prospective study using QOL instruments to compare patients who underwent either SCPL or TL. Study 3: A retrospective histopathologic study of TL specimens assessed for the possibility of performing an SCPL. Methods Study 1: Twenty-five patients with carcinoma of the larynx underwent SCPL between June 1992 and June 1999. Various rates of oncologic outcome were calculated. Study 2: Thirty-one patients participated in the QOL assessment. This included the SF-36 general health status measure, the University of Michigan Head and Neck Quality of Life (HNQOL) instrument, and the University of Michigan Voice-Related Quality of Life (VRQOL) instrument. Study 3: Ninety surgical specimens were obtained and studied from the total laryngectomy cases in the Tucker Collection. Multiple sites were evaluated for the presence of carcinoma. A computer program was written to classify whether the patient was amenable to SCPL. Results Study 1: The overall local control rate was 96% (24/25). The local control rate following SCPL with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) was 95% (20/21). The local control rate following SCPL with cricohyoidopexy (CHP) was 100% (4/4). Study 2: The SCPL had significantly higher domain scores than TL and TEP in the following categories for the SF-36: physical function, physical limitations, general health, vitality, social functioning, emotional limitations, and physical health summary. The significantly higher domains for the SCPL when compared with the TL and TEP for the HNQOL were eating and pain. Finally, when voice-related QOL was assessed with the V-RQOL, the domains of physical functioning and the total score were significantly better with SCPL when compared with TL and TEP. Study 3: Forty of 90 (44%) laryngeal whole organ specimens were determined to be resectable by SCPL. In 16 (18%) specimens, the patients could have undergone SCPL with CHEP and in 24 (27%) specimens the patients could have undergone SCPL with CHP. Among the 40 (44%) specimens determined to be able to have undergone SCPL, 19 were glottic (1 T1, 15 T2, 3 T3) and 21 were supraglottic (9 T2, 12 T3). Conclusions 1) A review of the literature and an analysis of the data in this study indicate that excellent local control may be expected following SCPL. 2) The QOL following SCPL, as measured by three validated QOL instruments, is superior to TL with TEP. 3) A histologic assessment of whole organ sections of TL specimens indicates that many patients who have been subjected to TL may have been candidates for SCPL. 4) If the indications and contraindications are rigorously adhered to, SCPLs are reasonable alternatives to TL in selected cases. [source] Tissue-specific variation of heat shock protein gene expression in relation to diapause in the bumblebee Bombus terrestrisENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2008Back-Guen KIM Abstract Diapause-associated expression patterns of heat shock protein genes (hsp) were determined in the queen of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris, a pollination insect. Partial cDNA sequences of three hsp genes ,shsp, hsc70 and hsp90, were obtained, and the deduced amino acid sequences were found to be highly homologous with corresponding hsp of hymenopteran insects. Using northern hybridization, the transcript level of each gene was compared in six stages relating to diapause: pre-mating, post-mating, chilling for 1, 2 and 3 months, and post-chilling. The transcript level was also compared in four tissues of adult queens: brain, thoracic muscle, gut and ovary. The transcript levels of the three hsp genes changed at various rates in relation to diapause, and each pattern was highly tissue-specific. Overall patterns of hsc70 and hsp90 expression were similar in each tissue. The shsp level in the brain was downregulated after 1 month chilling, but its level in the ovary was upregulated during a long chilling period; levels in muscle and gut did not change in relation to diapause. The levels of both hsc70 and hsp90 in muscle were gradually upregulated in late diapause and postdiapause stages, but levels in the ovary were downregulated during the chilling period, while levels in the brain and gut did not change in relation to diapause. Our results show that the three hsp genes were differentially regulated in stage- and tissue-specific manners throughout diapause, and suggest unique physiological roles for these genes in relation to diapause in each tissue of queen bumblebees. [source] Expression, stability and performance of the three-component alkane mono-oxygenase of Pseudomonas oleovorans in Escherichia coliFEBS JOURNAL, Issue 7 2000Ivo E. Staijen We tested the synthesis and in vivo function of the inducible alkane hydroxylase of Pseudomonas oleovorans GPo1 in several Escherichia coli recombinants. The enzyme components (AlkB, AlkG and AlkT) were synthesized at various rates in different E. coli hosts, which after induction produced between twofold and tenfold more of the Alk components than did P. oleovorans. The enzyme components were less stable in recombinant E. coli hosts than in P. oleovorans. In addition, the specific activity of the alkane mono-oxygenase component AlkB was five or six times lower in E. coli than in P. oleovorans. Evidently, optimal functioning of the hydroxylase system requires factors or a molecular environment that are available in Pseudomonas but not in E. coli. These factors are likely to include correct interactions of AlkB with the membrane and incorporation of iron into the AlkG and AlkB apoproteins. [source] Comparative Cerebrospinal Fluid Diffusion of Imipenem and Meropenem in RatsJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 9 2000ANTOINE DUPUIS The main objective of this study was to compare the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diffusion of imipenem and meropenem at steady state, following intravenous infusions at various rates in rats. A preliminary experiment was conducted to estimate the elimination half-lives of these two carbapenem antibiotics, and then to evaluate the infusion duration necessary to reach steady state. CSF diffusion of imipenem was essentially linear over the wide range of infusion rates (66,1320 ,g min,1) and corresponding steady-state plasma concentrations (11.7,443.0 ,g mL,1). Conversely the CSF diffusion of meropenem was saturable, with a predicted maximum CSF concentration equal to 1.3 ,g mL,1. Extrapolation of these data to the clinical situation may not be possible since the rats had normal blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers whereas patients with diseases such as meningitis may not. However, it is suggested that the observed differences in the diffusion characteristics of imipenem and meropenem may be partly responsible for their differences in toxicity and efficacy at the central level. [source] INFILTRATION OF WASTEWATER AND SIMULATED RAINWATER AS AFFECTED BY POLYACRYLAMIDE,JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 4 2002Duane T. Gardiner ABSTRACT: Irrigation reduces infiltration rates for subsequent irrigations or rains, thus decreasing the efficiency of water use and impacting watersheds in agricultural areas. Reduced infiltration causes greater runoff with its accompanying erosion, pollution, and sedimentation. Small rates of polyacrylamide (PAM) improve infiltration and reduce erosion on irrigated fields. The effects of PAM on infiltration of rainwater, the longevity of the effects of various rates of PAM, and the effects of repeated or intermittent PAM applications are not understood. This study measured the effects of four PAM application rates (0, 10, 25, and 40 ppm) on the subsequent infiltration of wastewater or simulated rainwater for seven weeks following the initial treatments. Also, effects of repeated and intermittent PAM applications on infiltration were determined. Hydraulic conductivity was determined for each soil column using the falling head method. Two soil types from the coastal plain of south Texas were tested , a soil high in clay (Victoria) and a sandy loam (Willacy). Effects of PAM rates were significant, but effects of water type were not (P > 0.05). Benefits from single PAM applications disappeared within two weeks. Water enriched with PAM is so viscous and infiltrates so slowly that applying PAM in every irrigation event may not be feasible. However, repeating PAM applications every two weeks maintained high infiltration rates on the alternate weeks. This intermittent application of PAM may be a practical approach for improving infiltration rates on irrigated lands. [source] Determining rates of visual field progression in glaucomaACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2008B CHAUHAN Purpose To provide practical guidelines on detecting rates of visual field progression in glaucoma Methods Using a mixture of real patient data, computer simulation and statistical analysis, the frequency of visual field examinations for detecting various rates of visual field change were determined. Results Our results show that the ability to detect rates of visual field change depends critically on the magnitude of the change we wish to detect and the variability of visual fields. They also show that performing only one visual field per year will lead to failure to detect very significant visual field loss. The statistical power to detect clinically meaningful rates increases with 2 or 3 examinations per year Conclusion This study provides guidance to general ophthalmologists and glaucoma specialists on detecting rates of visual field progression in glaucoma. Commercial interest [source] Healing of hymenal injuries in prepubertal and adolescent girls: a descriptive studyCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2008Richard Reading Healing of hymenal injuries in prepubertal and adolescent girls: a descriptive study . McCannJ., MiyamotoS., BoyleC. & RogersK. ( 2007 ) Pediatrics , 119 , e1094 , e1106 . DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-0964. Objective, The objective of this study was to identify the healing process and outcome of hymenal injuries in prepubertal and adolescent girls. Methods, This multicentre, retrospective project used photographs to document the healing process and outcome of hymenal trauma that was sustained by 239 prepubertal and pubertal girls whose ages ranged from 4 months to 18 years. Results, The injuries that were sustained by the 113 prepubertal girls consisted of 21 accidental or noninflicted injuries, 73 secondary to abuse, and 19 ,unknown cause' injuries. All 126 pubertal adolescents were sexual assault victims. The hymenal injuries healed at various rates and except for the deeper lacerations left no evidence of the previous trauma. Abrasions and ,mild' submucosal haemorrhages disappeared within 3,4 days, whereas ,marked' haemorrhages persisted for 11,15 days. Only petechiae and blood blisters proved to be ,markers' for determining the approximate age of an injury. Petechiae resolved within 48 h in the prepubertal girls and 72 h in the adolescents. A blood blister was detected at 34 days in an adolescent. As lacerations healed, their observed depth became shallower and their configuration smoothed out. Of the girls who sustained ,superficial', ,intermediate,' or ,deep' lacerations, 15 of 18 prepubertal girls had smooth and continuous appearing hymenal rims, whereas 24 of 41 adolescents' hymens had a normal, ,scalloped' appearance and 30 of 34 had no disruption of continuity on healing. The final ,width' of a hymenal rim was dependent on the initial depth of the laceration. No scar tissue formation was observed in either group of girls. Conclusions, The hymenal injuries healed rapidly and except for the more extensive lacerations left no evidence of a previous injury. There were no significant differences in the healing process and the outcome of the hymenal injuries in the 2 groups of girls. [source] | ||||||||||