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Various Proposals (various + proposal)
Selected AbstractsLocal area co-ordination: strengthening support for people with learning disabilities in ScotlandBRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES, Issue 4 2008Kirsten Ogilvie Stalker Accessible summary ,,Local Area Co-ordination is a new, person-centred way of supporting people with learning,,disabilities and their families to have a good life in the community. ,,There are 59 local area co-ordinators in Scotland. ,,There are a lot of differences in the way these local area co-ordinators work; for example,,,who they work for, how many people they support, whether they support children or adults,,and how much money they are paid. ,,People with learning disabilities and their families really like their local area co-ordinators.,,They feel the local area co-ordinator is on their side. ,,Local area co-ordinators have helped people in lots of ways, like finding supports and,,services, getting a paid job and moving house. They help people join new groups and meet,,people. ,,We think the Scottish Government should pay for more local area co-ordinators in Scotland,,and write new guidelines about how to do local area co-ordination. Summary This paper reports the findings of a study commissioned by the Scottish Executive which examined the introduction and implementation of local area co-ordination (LAC) in Scotland. A questionnaire about their posts was completed by 44 local area co-ordinators, interviews were conducted with 35 local area co-ordinators and 14 managers and case studies of LAC practice were carried out in four local authorities. The study found both strengths and weaknesses in the implementation of LAC nationally. There was great unevenness across Scotland in the number of local area co-ordinators employed by local authorities and in their roles and remits. Progress in community capacity building was slow overall and some managers expressed mixed feelings about LAC's usefulness in a climate of scarce resources. Individuals and families, however, were very appreciative of the support received and there was evidence that LAC had made a positive difference to their lives; for example, in relation to increased inclusion, choice and formal and informal supports. Various proposals are made for supporting the future development of LAC. [source] Federalism and the Failure of Imperial Reform, 1774,1775HISTORY, Issue 282 2001Neil York The dispute that pitted British imperialists against American colonists was only superficially constitutional. Belief in indivisible sovereignty and the supremacy of crown and parliament, which prevailed at Whitehall and Westminster, became irreconcilable with American aspirations as a result of actual circumstance not theoretical incompatibility. This was clearly demonstrated by the failure of various proposals made in 1774 and 1775 to reform the empire. These proposals sought to improve relations through a better sharing of power that would in some sense federalize the empire. Whether the reformers called for Americans to be seated in parliament or to be allowed an intercolonial congress of their own, the great stumbling block was political not constitutional. Whatever the merits of their plans, the reformers could not satisfy either side, even though both professed to want compromise that would prevent confrontation. In the process a sense of common identity was lost that could not be recovered, at least in the manner suggested by the reformers. Only with the breakdown of the idealized Atlantic community did constitutional differences lead to an impasse. [source] The Nice Treaty and Voting Rules in the CouncilJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 2 2002Axel Moberg The article examines debates on institutional reform in the intergovernmental conference (IGC 2000) that culminated in the Nice summit, and the effects of various proposals. The main issues were the indirect power Member States acquired through blocking minorities and how the outcome could be presented at home. The changes were rather modest, with two exceptions. A new population criterion gives Germany greater blocking power than the other large countries and preserves the possibility of three large countries together blocking in an EU of 27 members. Spain's voting weight increased substantially. The new blocking possibilities will affect the relative bargaining position of countries rather than the Union's decision-making capability. [source] Is Kaldor's Theory of Money Supply Endogeneity Still Relevant?METROECONOMICA, Issue 1 2001Giancarlo Bertocco Contemporary monetary theory is characterized by the predominance of the monetarist thesis. Paradoxically, the widespread acceptance of the monetarists' conclusions has coincided with the disappearance of the stable relation between money stock and nominal income from the 1980s onwards. These results did not call the monetarist theory into question, but instead stimulated the elaboration of various proposals for the modification of the monetary authorities' operative schemes. Each of these proposals gives rise to some perplexity. These anomalies provide the justification for this paper, which sets out to analyse the characteristics of the money supply endogeneity theory, a theoretical approach initiated in the 1970s thanks to Kaldor's seminal contribution, with the objective of demonstrating the inconsistencies in the monetarists' conclusions. It is intended to show that the debate on the endogeneity theory developed by the post-Keynesians has overlooked an essential aspect of Kaldor's theory, the examination of which permits: (a) the elaboration of an important criticism of monetarism; and (b) the development of a theory of credit and of financial intermediaries that highlights elements of Keynes's theory that have been neglected by the traditional interpretation. [source] "Perpetual Peace": A Project by Europeans for Europeans?PEACE & CHANGE, Issue 3 2008ref Aksu Immanuel Kant's classic essay Perpetual Peace has famously informed much of the neoliberal "democratic peace" scholarship in International Relations over the past few decades. It has also influenced contemporary notions of cosmopolitanism and global governance. We need to realize, however, that Kant's essay is only one representative of the eighteenth-century European thought on perpetual peace. Several other writers have produced their own versions of the perpetual peace ideal. This article surveys some notable eighteenth-century perpetual peace proposals from a specific perspective: it seeks to find out the attitude of these various proposals toward non-European peoples. It asks, in other words, whether and to what extent non-Europeans were "included" in the eighteenth-century European visions of a perpetual peace. [source] ,-Crustacyanin, the blue,purple carotenoprotein of lobster carapace: consideration of the bathochromic shift of the protein-bound astaxanthinACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 8 2003P. F. Zagalsky The crystal structure of a ,-crustacyanin allows an analysis of the various proposals for the mechanism of the bathochromic shift from orange to purple,blue of astaxanthin in this lobster carotenoprotein. Structural and previous chemical and biophysical studies suggest that extension of conjugation by coplanarization of the ,-ionone rings with the polyene chain and polarization resulting from hydrogen bonding at the C(4) and C(4,) keto groups may be mainly responsible for the bathochromic shift. Additional contributions may arise from medium effects and possibly from bowing of the polyene chain on binding. Previous biophysical data revealing a somewhat symmetrical polarization of astaxanthin in crustacyanin are thereby also accounted for. A puzzling feature remains unexplained: the bathochromic shifts, larger than that of astaxanthin, shown by some cyclopentenedione carotenoids in reconstituted carotenoproteins. This mini review enlarges on the original analysis and conclusions of Cianci et al. [(2002), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 9795,9800]. [source] | ||||||||||