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Various Origins (various + origins)
Selected AbstractsVarious Origins of the Duplicated Middle Cerebral ArteryJOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 4 2008Nihal Uslu Tutar MD ABSTRACT We describe the features of a duplicated middle cerebral artery identified by computed tomographic angiography that originates from a previously undefined origin, ie, from the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery. Recognition of this anomaly is important in patients with a possible aneurysm, which was not present in our patient. [source] Cytokeratin 14 expression in epithelial neoplasms: a survey of 435 cases with emphasis on its value in differentiating squamous cell carcinomas from other epithelial tumoursHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 1 2001P G Chu Cytokeratin 14 expression in epithelial neoplasms: a survey of 435 cases with emphasis on its value in differentiating squamous cell carcinomas from other epithelial tumours Aims:,The tissue distribution of cytokeratin 14 (CK14) in epithelial neoplasms is not well defined. We have evaluated 435 cases of epithelial neoplasm of various origins with cytokeratin 14 monoclonal antibody with special attention to possible use in differential diagnosis. Methods and results:,Immunohistochemistry (ABC,HRP method) was performed for detection of CK14. We found that the expression of cytokeratin 14 was generally restricted to: (i) the majority of cases of squamous cell carcinoma regardless of origin (67/74) and degree of differentiation; (ii) neoplasms with focal squamous differentiation, including endometrial, and ovarian adenocarcinoma, malignant mesothelioma and transitional cell carcinoma; (iii) thymoma (8/8); (iv) myoepithelial components of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (3/4); and (v) oncocytic neoplasms, including thyroid Hurthle cell adenoma (1/1) and salivary gland Warthin's tumour (2/2). Conclusion:,CK14 protein is a useful marker in differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas. [source] Accessing Time,Varying Forces on the Vibrating Tip of the Dynamic Atomic Force Microscope to Map Material CompositionISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2008Ozgur Sahin In dynamic atomic force microscopes the primary physical quantities being measured are the amplitude/phase or amplitude/frequency of the vibrating force probe. Topographic images with spatial resolutions down to the atomic scale can be obtained by mapping these measurements across the sample surface under feedback control. During the imaging process the vibrating tip is observing tip,sample interaction potentials (force,distance relationships) at every point on the surface. The interaction potential is a superposition of short- and long,distance interactions of various origins determined by the material compositions of the tip, sample, and the medium of imaging. In principle, measurement of tip,sample interaction potential should allow determination and mapping of material composition of the sample. However, a single measurement of amplitude/phase or amplitude/frequency in dynamic atomic force microscopes is not enough to characterize a complicated tip,sample interaction potential. Recent developments in the understanding of dynamics of the vibrating force probe (cantilever), together with specially designed cantilevers that utilize torsional vibrations in addition to conventional vertical vibrations, enable the recovery of tip,sample interaction potentials at a timescale less than a millisecond. Here, with theory and experiments, we discuss how these cantilevers recover the information about the tip,sample interaction forces and give an example of compositional mapping on a polymeric material system. [source] The evaporation method: Extending the measurement range of soil hydraulic properties using the air-entry pressure of the ceramic cupJOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2010Uwe Schindler Abstract Knowledge of hydraulic functions is required for various hydrological and plant-physiological studies. The evaporation method is frequently used for the simultaneous determination of hydraulic functions of unsaturated soil samples, i.e., the water-retention curve and hydraulic-conductivity function. All methodic variants of the evaporation method suffer from the limitation that the hydraulic functions can only be determined to a mean tension of , 60 kPa. This is caused by the limited measurement range of the tensiometers of typically 80 kPa on the dry end. We present a new, cost- and time-saving approach which overcomes this restriction. Using the air-entry pressure of the tensiometer's porous ceramic cup as additional defined tension value allows the quantification of hydraulic functions up to close to the wilting point. The procedure is described, uncertainties are discussed, and measured as well as simulated test results are presented for soil samples of various origins, different textures (sand, loam, silt, clay, and peat) and variable dry bulk density. The experimental setup followed the system HYPROP which is a commercial device with vertically aligned tensiometers that is optimized to perform evaporation measurements. During the experiment leaked water from the tensiometer interior wets the surrounding soil of the tensiometer cup and can lead to a tension retardation as shown by simulation results. This effect is negligible when the tensiometers are embedded vertically. For coarsely textured soils and horizontal tensiometer alignment, however, the retardation must be considered for data evaluation. [source] Isotope ratio mass spectrometry coupled to liquid and gas chromatography for wine ethanol characterizationRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 20 2008Ana I. Cabañero Two new procedures for wine ethanol 13C/12C isotope ratio determination, using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HPLC/IRMS and GC/IRMS), have been developed to improve isotopic methods dedicated to the study of wine authenticity. Parameters influencing separation of ethanol from wine matrix such as column, temperature, mobile phase, flow rates and injection mode were investigated. Twenty-three wine samples from various origins were analyzed for validation of the procedures. The analytical precision was better than 0.15,, and no significant isotopic fractionation was observed employing both separative techniques coupled to IRMS. No significant differences and a very strong correlation (r,=,0.99) were observed between the 13C/12C ratios obtained by the official method (elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry) and the proposed new methodology. The potential advantages of the developed methods over the traditional one are speed (reducing time required from hours to minutes) and simplicity. In addition, these are the first isotopic methods that allow 13C/12C determination directly from a liquid sample with no previous ethanol isolation, overcoming technical difficulties associated with sample treatment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Immunohistochemical analysis of Smac/DIABLO expression in human carcinomas and sarcomas,APMIS, Issue 3 2003NAM JIN YOO Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac/DIABLO) is released from mitochondria into the cytosol during apoptosis, promoting caspase activation by neutralizing the inhibition of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) on caspases. Alteration of apoptosis is essential for cancer development, and cancer cell death by radiation and chemotherapy is largely dependent upon apoptosis. In this study, archival tissues of 100 carcinomas and 50 sarcomas from various origins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of Smac/DIABLO. Smac/DIABLO immunoreactivity was seen in 62 of 100 (62%) carcinomas, including 42 of 60 stomach carcinomas, 7 of 10 colorectal carcinomas, 4 of 10 lung carcinomas, 7 of 10 ovarian carcinomas, and 2 of 10 prostate carcinomas. Smac/DIABLO is expressed in 11 of 50 (22%) sarcomas, including 2 of 8 malignant schwannomas, 5 of 11 rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 of 7 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 1 of 6 leiomyosarcomas, 0 of 8 angiosarcomas, 0 of 8 liposarcomas, and 1 of 2 Ewing's sarcomas. These data demonstrated that Smac/DIABLO expression levels vary depending on the individual cancer types. Furthermore, the present study showed that many human cancers do not express Smac/DIABLO, and suggest that lack of Smac/DIABLO expression in the cancer cells may inhibit apoptosis, thereby promoting their survival. [source] A novel multiplex PCR method for detecting virulent strains of Vibrio alginolyticusAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 1 2009Shuang-Hu Cai Abstract The bacterial strains obtained from various origins were tested with the novel primers targeting the collagenase gene, ompK gene and toxR gene to establish a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. These primers successfully recognized all virulent strains of Vibrio alginolyticus, but the avirulent strains were not recognized by the multiplex PCR because of lack of the collagenase and toxR genes. In a 50 ,L multiplex PCR mixture, the lowest detection limit is 8.8 × 102 cells of virulent strains of V. alginolyticus. The multiplex PCR method was successfully developed to identify virulent strains of V. alginolyticus, and provides a rapid, sensitive, specific and reliable technology for diagnosing virulent strains of V. alginolyticus. Therefore, the novel multiplex PCR in the present paper can be useful for any laboratory working with vibriosis detection of aquatic animals. [source] Early-type dwarf galaxies in clusters: A mixed bag with various origins?ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 9-10 2009T. Lisker Abstract The formation ofearly-type dwarf(dE) galaxies, the most numerous objects in clusters, is believed tobe closely connected to the physical processes that drive galaxy cluster evolution, like galaxy harassment and ram-pressure stripping. However, the actual significance ofeach mechanism for building the observed cluster dE population is yet unknown. Several distinct dE subclasses were identified, which show significant differences in their shape, stellar content, and distribution within the cluster. Does this diversity imply that dEs originate from various formation channels? Does "cosmological" formation play a role as well? I try to touch on these questions in this brief overview of dEs in galaxy clusters (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Plant-produced human growth hormone shows biological activity in a rat modelBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2009Shailaja Rabindran Abstract Plants have been shown to be efficient systems for expressing a wide range of recombinant proteins from various origins. Here, using a plant virus-based expression vector to produce human growth hormone (hGH) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, we demonstrate, for the first time, that the plant-produced hGH (pphGH) is biologically active in a hypophysectomized rat model. We observed an average weight gain of ,17 g per animal in a group of 10 animals that were injected subcutaneously with pphGH with 60 ,g/dose for 10 days. With the increasing demand for hGH, accompanied with the need to make this recombinant protein available to a wider population at a more reasonable cost, plants provide a feasible alternative to current production platforms. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009 [source] Identification and characterisation of GPR100 as a novel human G-protein-coupled bradykinin receptorBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 5 2003Katrin Boels G-protein-coupled receptor 100 (GPR100) was discovered by searching the human genome database for novel G-protein-coupled peptide receptors. Full-length GPR100 was amplified from a cDNA library of the neuroendocrine cell line BON, which is derived from a human pancreas carcinoid. The open-reading frame, present on a single exon, coded for a protein of 374 amino acids with highest sequence identity (43%) to the human orphan somatostatin- and angiotensin-like peptide receptor. The analysis of chromosomal localisation mapped the GPR100 gene to chromosome 1q21.2,q21.3. The stable expression of GPR100 in Chinese hamster ovary cells together with aequorin as calcium sensor and the promiscuous G-protein subunit ,16 as signal transducer revealed bradykinin and kallidin as effectors to elicit a calcium response. Dose,response curves yielded EC50 values for both ligands in the low nanomolar range, while the respective analogues without arginine at the carboxy-terminus were inactive. Calcium mobilisation was inhibited by the phospholipase C blocker U73122, but not by pertussis toxin, suggesting the involvement of the G-protein subunit ,q and not ,i or ,o in signal transduction. In line with the main function of kinins as peripheral hormones, we found that GPR100 was expressed predominantly in tissues like pancreas, heart, skeletal muscle, salivary gland, bladder, kidney, liver, placenta, stomach, jejunum, thyroid gland, ovary, and bone marrow, but smaller amounts were also detected in the brain and in cell lines derived from tumours of various origins. British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 140, 932,938. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705521 [source] 2112: AO imaging of acute macular diseasesACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010M PAQUES Purpose To show clinical cases of acute macular diseases and their follow-up by adaptive optics flood imaging. Methods Cases of acute retinal ischemia, of acute macular neuroretinopathy, of photic injury and of poppers-related retinopathy have been observed by a prototypic adaptive optics flood imaging (ImagineEye corporation). Images from follow-up examinations have been registered in order to obtain retinal monitoring at the single photoreceptor level. Iamges were compared to high resolution OCT scans. Results Precise extension and progression/regression of lesions could be documented in all cases. Acute macular neuroretinopathy showed residual cones persisting within an area devoid of any detectable cone. Minute progression and regression of lesions could be documented. Acute ischemia of the inner retina due to central retinal vein occlusion resulted in focal masking of the cone mosaic. The cone mosaic reappeared during follow-up. Photic injury showed no changes over a 1 year follow-up. Images of poppers-related retinopathy showed partial improvement over time. Conclusion Adaptive optics flood imaging allows documentation of the extension and progression of acute maculopathies of various origins. [source] | ||||||||||||||||