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Various Orientations (various + orientation)
Selected AbstractsReinforcing mechanism of anchors in slopes: a numerical comparison of results of LEM and FEMINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 7 2003Fei Cai Abstract This paper reports the limitation of the conventional Bishop's simplified method to calculate the safety factor of slopes stabilized with anchors, and proposes a new approach to considering the reinforcing effect of anchors on the safety factor. The reinforcing effect of anchors can be explained using an additional shearing resistance on the slip surface. A three-dimensional shear strength reduction finite element method (SSRFEM), where soil,anchor interactions were simulated by three-dimensional zero-thickness elasto-plastic interface elements, was used to calculate the safety factor of slopes stabilized with anchors to verify the reinforcing mechanism of anchors. The results of SSRFEM were compared with those of the conventional and proposed approaches for Bishop's simplified method for various orientations, positions, and spacings of anchors, and shear strengths of soil,grouted body interfaces. For the safety factor, the proposed approach compared better with SSRFEM than the conventional approach. The additional shearing resistance can explain the influence of the orientation, position, and spacing of anchors, and the shear strength of soil,grouted body interfaces on the safety factor of slopes stabilized with anchors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Neuroanatomy of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from magnetic resonance imagesJOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Lori Marino Abstract Cetacean (dolphin, whale, and porpoise) brains are among the least-studied mammalian brains because of the formidability of collecting and histologically preparing such relatively rare and large specimens. Among cetaceans, there exist relatively few studies of the brain of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a means of observing the internal structure of the brain when traditional histological procedures are not practical. Therefore, MRI has become a critical tool in the study of the brain of cetaceans and other large species. This article represents the first MRI-based anatomically labeled three-dimensional description of the harbor porpoise brain. Coronal plane sections of the brain of a young harbor porpoise were originally acquired and used to produce virtual digital scans in the other two orthogonal spatial planes. A sequential set of images in all three planes has been anatomically labeled and displays the proportions and positions of major neuroanatomical features. These images allow for the visualizing of the distinctive features of the harbor porpoise brain from various orientations by preserving the gross morphological structure of the specimen. J. Morphol. 257:308,347, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Effect of Uniaxial Stress Upon the Electromechanical Properties of Various Piezoelectric Ceramics and Single CrystalsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 3 2006D. Viehland A systematic investigation of the stress-dependent (,) electromechanical properties of various ferroelectric ceramics and single crystals has been performed. Studies have been carried out on "hard" and "soft" piezoelectrics, electrostrictive ceramics, and various orientations of (1,x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3,(x) PbTiO3 PMN,x%PT single crystals. The large signal piezoelectric constant, acoustic power density, and coupling coefficient have been determined by calculation. The results are compared, in order to develop an understanding of the relative merits of the different types of active acoustic materials. [source] Why Are You Learning a Second Language?LANGUAGE LEARNING, Issue S1 2003Motivational Orientations, Self-Determination Theory The data for this study were collected in my first year of graduate school for a term paper for a course I was taking from Luc Pelletier. When I began graduate school, Luc also started at the University of Ottawa as a new faculty member, and he taught a course in motivation. I had worked with Richard Clément for a couple of years already as an honors student and as a research assistant and had conducted research on orientations and motivation under his supervision as part of my honors thesis project. Luc was very interested in self-determination theory (SDT) and had worked with Bob Vallerand on an instrument to assess academic motivation from this perspective. Luc and I decided to carry out a study on language learning orientations using SDT and enlisted Richard's and Bob's involvement in the project. As a bilingual institution where all students were required to demonstrate competence in their second language (L2), whether French or English, the University of Ottawa was an ideal setting for this type of research. The project was a first examination of SDT in the language learning context, and to the best of my knowledge it was the only, or at least one of the very few, empirical investigations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the area. It involved the development of a valid and reliable instrument to assess the different subtypes of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. It also explored the link between these motivational subtypes and various orientations to language learning that had been identified by Clément and Kruidenier (1983), including the travel, friendship, knowledge, and instrumental orientations. The results showed that the instrumental orientation and the SDT external regulation orientation were strongly correlated, and that the travel, friendship, and knowledge orientations were quite highly intercorrelated with identified regulation and intrinsic motivation. Moreover, the instrumental and external regulation orientation scales correlated in similar ways with the hypothesized antecedents of perceived autonomy and competence and the hypothesized consequences of intention to pursue L2 study and anxiety. In addition, the travel, friendship, and knowledge orientations were correlated with the hypothesized antecedents and consequences in a manner similar to intrinsic motivation and identified regulation. These results suggested that Clément and Kruidenier's 4 orientations may be tapping a similar construct as the SDT orientations. My only regret with this study is that I did not include a scale to measure the integrative orientation (Gardner, 1985) to determine its relation with the SDT subtypes. This issue would have to wait until a later study to be addressed. The results of this initial investigation encouraged me to pursue research integrating SDT with other theoretical frameworks of language learning motivation. I believe that the SDT framework has several advantages over some other formulations of learner orientations. SDT offers a parsimonious, internally consistent framework for systematically describing many different orientations in a comprehensive manner. It also offers considerable explanatory power for understanding why certain orientations are better predictors of relevant language learning variables (e.g., effort, persistence, attitudes) than others. Also, by invoking the psychological mechanisms of perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness, it can account for why certain orientations are evident in some learners and not in others. Moreover, the framework is empirically testable and indeed has stood up well under empirical scrutiny in our studies. Its clear predictions may also be particularly valuable in applying the theory in language teaching and program development. [The present article first appeared in Language Learning, 50 (1), 2000, 57,85] [source] Internal WWAN antenna for the clamshell mobile phone with various chassis shapesMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 9 2010Kin-Lu Wong Abstract Stable performances of an internal WWAN antenna applied in the clamshell mobile phone with various chassis shapes are obtained. Six different states including five possible operating states and one closed state (idle condition) of the clamshell mobile phone, wherein the chassis shapes (main ground and upper ground) vary greatly, are studied. The WWAN antenna is mounted at the bottom of the main ground, and there are three connecting positions between the main ground and the upper ground. For each operating states, the upper ground is connected to the main ground at one of the three connecting positions. At each position, a band-stop circuit formed by two parallel LC chip elements is embedded, which is designed to excite a parallel resonance at around 900 MHz and hence leads to very high impedance seen into the upper ground in the 900 MHz band. This greatly decreases the excited surface currents on the upper ground, making the presence of the upper ground to have very small effects on the performances of the WWAN antenna mounted at the bottom of the main ground. At around 1900 MHz, owing to its shorter wavelength, the surface currents on the upper ground excited by the WWAN antenna on the main ground are small. Thus, over both the 900- and 1900-MHz bands, the various orientations of the upper ground to the main ground cause small effects on the WWAN antenna embedded therein. Details of the obtained results are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2148,2154, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25413 [source] | ||||||||||