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Various Indications (various + indication)
Selected AbstractsSpatial and temporal variability of the phenological seasons in Germany from 1951 to 1996GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Annette Menzel Abstract Various indications for shifts in plant and animal phenology resulting from climate change have been observed in Europe. This analysis of phenological seasons in Germany of more than four decades (1951,96) has several major advantages: (i) a wide and dense geographical coverage of data from the phenological network of the German Weather Service, (ii) the 16 phenophases analysed cover the whole annual cycle and, moreover, give a direct estimate of the length of the growing season for four deciduous tree species. After intensive data quality checks, two different methods ,,linear trend analyses and comparison of averages of subintervals , were applied in order to determine shifts in phenological seasons in the last 46 years. Results from both methods were similar and reveal a strong seasonal variation. There are clear advances in the key indicators of earliest and early spring (,0.18 to ,0.23 d y,1) and notable advances in the succeeding spring phenophases such as leaf unfolding of deciduous trees (,0.16 to ,0.08 d y,1). However, phenological changes are less strong during autumn (delayed by +,0.03 to +,0.10 d y,1 on average). In general, the growing season has been lengthened by up to ,0.2 d y,1 (mean linear trends) and the mean 1974,96 growing season was up to 5 days longer than in the 1951,73 period. The spatial variability of trends was analysed by statistical means and shown in maps, but these did not reveal any substantial regional differences. Although there is a high spatial variability, trends of phenological phases at single locations are mirrored by subsequent phases, but they are not necessarily identical. Results for changes in the biosphere with such a high resolution with respect to time and space can rarely be obtained by other methods such as analyses of satellite data. [source] Monoamine reuptake inhibitors: highlights of recent research developmentsDRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 3 2005Magnus W. WalterArticle first published online: 21 NOV 200 Abstract Monoamine reuptake inhibitors are in clinical use for the treatment of major psychiatric disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of depression. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are used in the treatment of ADHD and depression. Compounds that enhance multiple monoamines appear to have synergistic effects and have been used for various indications. This review presents highlights from the literature on monoamine reuptake inhibitors published between 2000 and July 2005. It focuses on novel structure-activity relationship studies in established classes of monoamine reuptake inhibitors and structurally novel types. Drug Dev. Res. 65:97,118, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Advanced glycation end-products and the kidneyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 8 2010Martin Busch Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40 (8): 742,755 Abstract Background, Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are increased in situations with hyperglycemia and oxidative stress such as diabetes mellitus. They are products of nonenzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids. The kidney plays an important role in clearance and metabolism of AGEs. Methods, Medline© and other relevant databases were searched. In addition, key review articles were scanned for relevant original publication. Finally, original data from our research group were also included. Results, Kidney podocytes and endothelial cells express specific receptors for AGEs. Their activation leads to multiple pathophysiological effects including hypertrophy with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, altered migration, and generation of proinflammatory cytokines. AGEs have been primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic microvascular complications. AGEs are also involved in other primary renal diseases as well as in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. However, serum or plasma concentrations of AGEs do not correlate well with cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is likely due to the fact that serum concentrations failed to correlate with AGEs deposited in target tissues. Several inhibitors of the AGE-RAGE axis are currently tested for various indications. Conclusion, AGEs and their receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular and kidney disease. The role of circulating AGEs as biomarkers for cardiovascular risk estimation is questionable. Whether putative inhibitors of AGEs will get the maturity for its therapeutic use in the future remains open. [source] "Where Are They Going?": Immigrant Inclusion in the Czech Republic (A Case Study on Ukrainians, Vietnamese, and Armenians in Prague),INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 2 2007an Drbohlav ABSTRACT This paper is based on research conducted by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) Office in Prague and the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague in the fall and winter of 2003-2004. Within the questionnaire survey, 126 first-generation immigrants in Prague (51 Ukrainians, 45 Vietnamese, and 30 Armenians) were successfully contacted via a non-probability sampling method. The main goals of the research were to ascertain what mode of inclusion into Czech society the immigrant groups practiced and to determine their satisfaction level with their new lives. Special attention was paid to finding out important factors that stand behind both the common features and particular patterns of behaviour. Our approach is an attempt to analyse the issue via quantitative statistics (Chi-square Test, the AnswerTree Method). Berry's (1992) acculturation strategies model and Portes and Zhou's (e.g. 2000) segmented assimilation model serve as reference points while discussing conceptual matters. The results indicate that the immigrants' inclusion in Czech society in Prague has developed into specific modes: Ukrainians are typical of their specific transnationalization patterns, Vietnamese represent a "well-off" but separated and segregated community, and Armenians practice a clear assimilation strategy, while approaching the mainstream in terms of socio-economic status. Based on various indications, it seems that successful inclusion in Czech society is connected to the assimilation mode. In sum, the immigrants most satisfied with their quality of life are those for whom it is not important to live close to their compatriots and those whose knowledge of the spoken Czech language is above average. The lowest satisfaction score is tied to those immigrants who prefer to live close to their compatriots, those with university education, and those with a low income. Good knowledge of the Czech language seems to be a gateway to immigrants' satisfaction. Cette étude s'appuie sur un travail de recherche mené par le bureau de Prague de l'Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM) et la faculté des sciences de l'Université Charles à Prague, au cours de l'automne et de l'hiver 2003-2004. Dans le cadre de l'enquête-questionnaire, 126 immigrants de la première génération se trouvant à Prague (51 Ukrainiens, 45 Vietnamiens et 30 Arméniens) ont répondu grâce à une méthode procédant par sondage non aléatoire. Les buts principaux de cette recherche consistaient à vérifier à quels moyens avaient eu recours les groupes d'immigrants pour s'insérer dans la société tchèque et à déterminer dans quelle mesure ils s'estimaient satisfaits de leur nouvelle vie. Une attention particulière a été accordée à la recherche des facteurs importants ayant contribuéà fixer à la fois les caractéristiques communes et les particularités en matière de comportement. L'auteur s'est efforcé d'analy-ser la question à l'aide des statistiques quantitatives (test Chi carré, méthode AnswerTree). Le modèle des stratégies d'acculturation de Berry (1992) et le modèle d'assimilation segmentée de Portes et Zhou (par exemple 2000) servent de points de référence dans l'examen de questions conceptuelles. Les résultats montrent que l'incorporation des immigrants dans la société tchèque, a Prague, s'est traduite de différentes façons. Les Ukrainiens correspondent aux schémas spécifiques de transnationalisation qui leur sontpropres; les Vietnamiens constituent une communauté« prospère » mais se tenant à l'écart des autres; et les Arméniens pratiquent une stratégie évidente d'assimilation, tout en se rapprochant du courant central sur le plan du statut socio-économique. Sur la base de différentes indications, il semble que l'incorporation réussie dans la société tchèque soit liée au mode d'assimilation. Pour résumer, les immigrés les plus satisfaits de leur qualité de vie sont ceux pour qui il n'est pas important de vivre auprès de leurs compatriotes et ceux dont les connaissances de la langue tchèque parlée sont audessus de la moyenne. Le niveau de satisfaction le plus bas est celui des immigrés qui préfèrent rester en contact étroit avec leur compatriotes, ceux quijouissent d'une éducation de niveau universitaire et ceux dont le revenu se situe dans une tranche basse. Une bonne connaissance de la langue tchèque semble être la clé de la satisfaction des immigrés. Este artículo se basa en un estudio realizado por la Oficina de la Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (OIM) en Praga y la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Charles de Praga, durante el último trimestre de 2003 y el primer trimestre de 2004. Recurriendo al cuestionario y al método de muestreo improbable se encuestó a 126 inmigrantes de primera generación en Praga (51 ucranios, 45 vietnamitas y 30 armenios). Los objetivos principales del estudio fueron determinar los modos de inserción de los grupos de inmigrantes en la sociedad checa y su nivel de satisfacción con relación a sus nuevas vidas. Se concedió particular atención a otros importantes factores subyacentes, a saber, las características comunes y los patrones particulares de comportamiento. En este artículo se analiza la cuestión mediante: estadísticas cuantitativas (la prueba de Chi-square, el método del Árbol de Respuestas); el modelo de estrategias de aculturación de Berry (1992); y el modelo de asimilación segmentada de Portes y Zhou (2000) que sirvieron de referencia a la hora de debatir cuestiones conceptuales. Los resultados apuntan a que la inserción de los inmigrantes en la sociedad checa, concretamente en Praga, se ha desarrollado según patrones específicos: los ucranios recurren a patrones típicos de transnacionalización, los vietnamitas son unacomunidad "acomodada" pero que se halla separaday segregada, mientras que los armenios utilizan un patrón claro de inserción, al tiempo que intentan incorporarse a la corriente principal en lo que atañe a su estatus socioeconómico. Sobre la base de diversas indicaciones, parece que una asimilación acertada en la sociedad checa depende del modo de inserción. En otras palabras, los inmigrantes más satisfechos con su calidad de vida son aquellos que no consideran importante vivir cerca de sus compatriotas y cuyos conocimientos del checo hablado superan la media. El índice más bajo de satisfacción se observa en los inmigrantes que prefieren vivir cerca de sus compatriotas, realizaron estudios universitarios y perciben bajos ingresos. Por lo visto, el buen conocimiento del idioma checo es la clave en la satisfacción de los inmigrantes. [source] Wireless capsule endoscopy: Experience in a tropical countryJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 1 2004PVJ SRIRAM Abstract Background and Aim:, Capsule endoscopy is fast becoming the procedure of choice for small bowel imaging, especially to investigate the cause of unexplained gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. We report our experience with capsule endoscopy in 24 cases with various indications. Methods:, In patients with unexplained GI bleeding or chronic anemia, the cause could be established in nine of 12 cases (75%), which included angioectasiae, leiomyomata and parasitic infestation. Results:, The yield of capsule endoscopy was highest in patients presenting with chronic diarrhea and suspicion of small bowel mucosal disease, where Crohn's disease and tuberculosis could be diagnosed. However, in patients with unexplained abdominal pain, capsule endoscopy was found to be least useful because 5/7 patients in the study were normal, emphasizing the importance of case selection. Overall, capsule endoscopy yielded a positive diagnosis in 16 of the 24 cases (66.6%). Conclusions:, The experience of capsule endoscopy in a tropical clinical setting is no different from elsewhere, although certain conditions like worm infestation are more likely to be detected in this environment. [source] Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients with Paradoxical Embolism.JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Follow-up Results after Implantation of the Starflex® Occluder Device with Conjunctive Intensified Anticoagulation Regimen, Procedural Background:Prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is higher in patients with paradoxical embolism and associated with increased risk for recurrent thromboembolic events. By percutaneous closure of PFO, surgical closure or permanent oral anticoagulation can be avoided. So far, published series included different occluder systems and various indications and regimens of postprocedural anticoagulation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short- and long-term results after implantation of the Starflex® occluder in patients with PFO using an intensified anticoagulation regimen. Methods and Results:154 patients with PFO (94 men; age: 44 ± 13 years) and >1 thromboembolic event were included. Other causes for embolism were excluded. PFO closure was successful in 147 patients (95.5%). All patients were treated with phenprocoumon (INR 2.5) and aspirin (100 mg/die) for 6 months. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was repeated at 6 months. Mean clinical follow-up period was 26 ± 18 months. After 6 months, five patients had a significant residual shunt, and five patients had suspected thrombus formation on the occluder. In three of these five patients, the occluder was surgically removed and foreign body reaction was noted. During follow-up, nine patients suffered from neurological events (two strokes, seven transient ischemic attacks [TIA]), though complete closure of the PFO was documented by TEE. Two patients died during follow-up; three patients had bleeding complications. Conclusion:Percutaneous closure of PFO in symptomatic patients by Starflex® occluder represents an effective therapy with a low incidence of periinterventional complications and recurrent thromboembolism. However, thrombus formation at the occluder system may occur in some patients despite an aggressive anticoagulation regimen. [source] Report of a Case Receiving Full-Arch Rehabilitation in Both Jaws Using Immediate Implant Loading Protocols: A 1-Year Resonance Frequency Analysis Follow-UpCLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006Michael Portmann DDS ABSTRACT Background:, Immediate occlusal implant loading has been documented as a viable treatment option for various indications. However, documentations related to full-arch rehabilitation are usually limited to treatment of one jaw at a time, thereby leaving the opposing dentition unchanged. Furthermore, clinical documentation using traditional, well-accepted measuring techniques may not be adequate when it comes to short-term evaluation of the success or failure of implants subjected to immediate occlusal loading. Purpose:, The purpose of this case report is to (1) present an implant stability follow-up of a patient receiving an immediate, implant-supported full-arch rehabilitation in both jaws and (2) evaluate the patient's acceptance of this rehabilitation. Materials and Methods:, A 68-year-old patient scheduled for implant treatment was selected for an immediate implant loading protocol in both jaws. During two surgical events 3 weeks apart, eight maxillary and four mandibular Brånemark System® Mk IV TiUniteTM fixtures (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were inserted and subsequently used to immediately support a cross-arch fixed prosthesis in the maxilla and a bar-retained overdenture in the mandible. Implant stability was recorded from the day of surgery periodically during a 1-year follow-up using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Results:, At the 1-year follow-up, based on clinical, RFA, and radiographic evaluations, all implants and the reconstructions were classified as successful. All maxillary implants showed a decrease in the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value from the measurement at the time of surgery to the first follow-up, whereas two of four mandibular implants revealed an initial drop in stability. Irrespective of a specific ISQ level measured at implant surgery (ISQ range 53,74) and despite an initial decrease in stability, measurements recorded at the 12-month follow-up indicated similar stability levels for all maxillary implants (ISQ range 64,68) or the group of mandibular implants (ISQ range 72,75) but with a higher ISQ level for mandibular implants. Furthermore, the patient's acceptance of the immediate full-arch rehabilitation in both jaws was high. Conclusions:, The present case report demonstrates that a slightly staged approach for full-arch rehabilitation in both jaws using immediate implant loading protocols is a realistic treatment option. Furthermore, RFA follow-up indicates that immediately occlusally loaded implants placed in reduced bone quality and quantity are more prone to loose stability in the early healing period compared with implants placed in dense bone quality. [source] | ||||||||||