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Various Directions (various + direction)
Selected AbstractsMax Scheler and the Idea of a Well Rounded EducationEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 3 2008Tapio Puolimatka Abstract The German philosopher Max Scheler defines the human person as a value-oriented act structure. Since a person is ideally a free being with open possibilities, the aim of education is to help human beings develop their potential in various directions. At the centre of Scheler's educational philosophy is the idea of all-round education, which aims towards a developed capacity for assessment, an ability to make choices and an ability to focus on the objective nature of things. [source] Geometry update driven by material forces for simulation of brittle crack growth in functionally graded materialsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 13 2009Rolf Mahnken Abstract Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced materials that possess continuously graded properties, such that the growth of cracks is strongly dependent on the gradation of the material. In this work a thermodynamic consistent framework for crack propagation in FGMs is presented, by applying a dissipation inequality to a time-dependent migrating control volume. The direction of crack growth is obtained in terms of material forces as a result of the principle of maximum dissipation. In the numerical implementation a staggered algorithm,deformation update for fixed geometry followed by geometry update for fixed deformation,is employed within each time increment. The geometry update is a result of the incremental crack propagation, which is driven by material forces. The corresponding mesh is generated by combining Delaunay triangulation with local mesh refinement. Furthermore a Newton algorithm is proposed, taking into account mesh transfer of displacements for crack propagation in incremental elasticity. In two numerical examples brittle crack propagation in FGMs is investigated for various directions of strength gradation within the structures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Multimedia in the Art Curriculum: Crossing BoundariesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ART & DESIGN EDUCATION, Issue 3 2001Steve Long Art educators, like those in other areas of the curriculum, are under pressure from various directions to use digital technology in the classroom. Whilst some of this pressure is politically motivated I believe there are also what could be described as more legitimate educational reasons for using computers; what is lacking at this stage is a coherent body of knowledge amongst art educators as to what happens when we do use them. This article focuses on a development project which took place last year in a secondary school involving a Year 10 class in the use of multimedia software. The project was collaborative in nature and was carried out by Miles Jefcoate, an art teacher at Beacon Community College in East Sussex, a group of Year 10 students at Beacon and myself as a member of the teaching team on the Art and Design PGCE course at the University of Brighton. Supported by research funding from the University, the school was provided with multimedia software which was installed into its computer network. The design and delivery of the students' project was undertaken by Miles whilst I evaluated the impact of the digital technology on the learning taking place, with an emphasis on how Miles and the students experienced and evaluated their activities. [source] Relationship between tooth contacts in the retruded contact position and mandibular positioning during retrusionJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2006S. YAMASHITA summary, We conducted a series of studies with the purpose to investigate the locations of tooth contacts in the retruded contact position (RCP) and to discuss their significance in the stomatognathic system. In the present study, the relationship between the locations of RCP contacts and mandibular positioning during retrusion was examined. Thirty dentists and clinical residents were selected as subjects. One specialist in prosthetic dentistry examined each subject for the location of the RCP contacts. The mandibular positioning during retrusion was measured using a mandibular movement analysis system with six degrees of freedom. Originally programmed software was developed. Five reference points were selected: the central lower incisor (point I), the first molars on both sides (points RM and LM) and the condyles on both sides (points RC and LC). Tooth contact was observed most frequently at the second molar, followed by the first premolar. Points I, RM and LM all moved in an inferior-posterior direction, whereas points RC and LC moved in various directions ranging from superior-posterior to inferior-posterior. When the subjects were divided into two groups according to the most anterior tooth of occlusion in the RCP, the condylar positioning tended to be more superior in the group with molar contact than that with premolar contact. These results suggest that the locations of RCP contacts could be an important factor in jaw guidance during retrusion. [source] Preparation of Textured Bismuth Titanate Ceramics Using Spark Plasma SinteringJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 7 2004Hao Junjie Textured bismuth titanate ceramics were successfully produced using spark plasma sintering and platelike bismuth titanate particles prepared using a molten-salt method. The microstructure and dielectric properties of the samples were investigated. The results showed that the dielectric property of the textured bismuth titanate ceramics was anisotropic in various directions and that spark plasma sintering was an effective sintering technology to obtain textured, dense bismuth titanate ceramics at a low temperature. [source] Ontological Symmetry in Language: A Brief ManifestoMIND & LANGUAGE, Issue 4 2006PHILIPPE SCHLENKER Various results from recent research in formal semantics suggest that this is not so, and that there is in fact a pervasive symmetry between the linguistic means with which we refer to these three domains. Reference to individuals, times and worlds is uniformly effected through generalized quantifiers, definite descriptions, and pronouns, and in each domain grammatical features situate the reference of terms as near, far or ,further' from the actual or from a reported speech act. We outline various directions in which a program of ontological symmetry could be developed, and we offer in the Appendix a symmetric fragment developed in a logic that can be seen as a compromise between an extensional and an intensional system. [source] Microtubule arrays in fucoid zygotes are sensitive to cytoplasmic pHPHYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2001David C. Henderson SUMMARY Regulation of microtubule (MT) arrays and embryo-genesis by cytoplasmic pH (pHc) was investigated in zygotes of the brown alga Pelvetia compressa (J. Agardh) De Toni. pHc was clamped to (set to) acidic values using a weak acid, propionic acid (PA), and to alkaline values using a weak base, methylamine (MA). Acidification of pHc from the normal value of 7.4,7.5 to about 7.0 caused disruption of microtubule arrays. The nucleating activity was delocalized from the centrosomes and dispersed over the nuclear envelope, the number of MTs decreased, and MTs failed to extend into the cell cortex. Alkalinization to about pH 8.0 also caused dispersal of nucleating activity, but distinct centrosomes remained. MTs coursed in various directions following MA treatment, giving the array a disorganized appearance. Two MT-dependent processes, rhizoid morphogenesis and cell division, were found to be perturbed by small changes in pHc. [source] Ovarian Cysts in MRL/MpJ Mice Originate from Rete OvariiANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 3 2007Y. Kon Summary In MRL mice aged more than 1 year, but not in C57BL/6 mice, ovaries had grossly visible cysts presenting unilaterally or bilaterally. Postnatally, all MRL mice developed ovarian cysts by 8 months of age. Observations by light microscopy, including lectin histochemistry, indicated that the cysts sometimes included papillomatous tissues located at the hilar region and were similar to the rete ovarii system, but not to follicles. Two types of epithelial cells, ciliated and non-ciliated, were arranged on the cysts, in which both cell types had many microvilli projecting in various directions and random ramifications in the cystic lumen. These characteristics suggest that ovarian cysts developing in MRL mice originate mostly from the rete ovarii. Cysts derived from the rete ovarii at 8 months of age were histologically detected in all C3H mice as well as MRL mice, with variable incidence in ICR, AKR, CBA/N and ddY, and none in C57L/6, DBA/2, BALB and A/J mice. However, measurement of the maximum diameters of the ovarian cysts indicated that MRL mice regularly possessed the largest cysts visible to the naked eye. This is the first report of ovarian cysts in this inbred strain, suggesting that ovarian cysts in MRL mice appear with stable incidence and development. [source] | |||||||||||||