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Various Blends (various + blend)
Selected AbstractsCold flow properties of fuel mixtures containing biodiesel derived from animal fatty wasteEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2006Kiril Kazancev Abstract The aims of the present study were to evaluate the cold temperature behavior of methyl esters of vegetable and animal origin and of their mixtures with fossil diesel fuel, as well as to investigate the effectiveness of different depressants. Various blends of rapeseed oil methyl esters, linseed oil methyl esters, pork lard methyl esters and fossil diesel fuel were prepared, and both cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) were analyzed. It was found that mixtures with CFPP values of ,5,°C and lower may contain up to 25% of pork lard methyl esters; whereas the ratio of summer fossil diesel fuel and rapeseed oil methyl esters may vary over a wide range, i.e. such mixtures can be used in a diesel engine in the summer. In the transitory periods it is possible to use up to 20% animal and vegetable ester blends (3,:,7) with winter fossil diesel, whereas only up to 5% of esters can be added to the fuel used in winter. In order to improve the cold properties of rapeseed oil, pork lard and linseed oil methyl ester mixtures, various additives were tested. Depressant Viscoplex 10,35 with an optimal dose of 5000,mg/kg was found to be the most effective. [source] Kinetic and heat transfer modeling of rubber blends' sulfur vulcanization with N - t -butylbenzothiazole-sulfenamide and N,N -di- t -butylbenzothiazole-sulfenamideJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 1 2007Likozar Abstract Vulcanization kinetics and heat transfer for various blends of natural (NR) and polybutadiene (BR) rubber were studied simultaneously using a mechanistic approach when developing vulcanization model kinetics. Rubber process analyzer (RPA), dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods were used for the study. The model reaction scheme was based on one of the best possible proposed individual reaction mechanisms. Molecular modeling was applied to distinguish between the reactivity of chemically similar species. The kinetics of N - t -butylbenzothiazole-sulfenamide (TBBS) and N,N -di- t -butylbenzothiazole-sulfenamide (TBSI) were treated separately using FTIR experiment data, and then incorporated in a model suitable for two-accelerator vulcanization. The proposed model quite well describes the thermal equilibration during the induction period despite a few simplifications. During cure and over-cure periods the course of vulcanization was described using a rigorous kinetic model. Physical and chemical model parameters were calculated from experimental data. Average heat transfer coefficient minimum during induction period was found to be at a weight ratio of BR and NR 1 : 1. The activation energy of significant reactions between rubber and other species was found to vary linearly with vulcanization compound composition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 293,307, 2007 [source] Green Machining of a Thermoplastic Ceramic-Ethylene Ethyl Acrylate/Isobutyl Methacrylate CompoundJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 8 2004Young-Hag Koh The machinability of a thermoplastic compound that consisted of 52 vol% ceramic particles and 48 vol% thermoplastic binders was investigated. To investigate the machining mechanisms, various blends of a ductile polymer (ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA)) and a brittle polymer (isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA)) were used as thermoplastic binders. The fraction of IBMA to EEA in the blend was increased from 0 to 50 vol%. As the IBMA content was increased, the thermoplastic compound exhibited a stiffer stress versus strain response under compression because of the brittle nature of the IBMA polymer. The machinability of the thermoplastic compound was remarkably improved with increased IBMA content because of the mitigation of the extensive deformation of the thermoplastic compound. [source] Nonuniformity of phase structure in immiscible polymer blendsPOLYMER ENGINEERING & SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Ivan Fortelný This article is focused on the phase structure development in immiscible polymer blends during melt mixing. Nonuniformity of the phase structure, i.e., the coexistence of areas containing particles with markedly different size distribution, was detected in quenched and compression molded samples of a number of various blends prepared by long and intensive mixing in the chamber of a Plasticorder. The same effect was found also for polystyrene/polyamide blends prepared in a twin-screw extruder. It was shown that neglecting nonuniformity of the phase structure can lead to considerable error in evaluation of the effect of system parameters on the blend morphology. The reasons for the effect were discussed and it was found that inhomogeneous flow field in mixers is a plausible explanation of the nonuniform phase structure. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers [source] | ||||||||||