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Various Biochemical Parameters (various + biochemical_parameter)
Selected AbstractsProtective effect of quercetin against ICV colchicine-induced cognitive dysfunctions and oxidative damage in ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 12 2008Anil Kumar Abstract Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of colchicine, a microtubule-disrupting agent, causes cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of quercetin against colchicine-induced memory impairment and oxidative damage in rats. An i.c.v. cannula was implanted in the lateral ventricle of male Wistar rats. Colchicine was administered at dose of 15 µg/rat. Morris water maze and plus-maze performance tests were used to assess memory tasks. Various biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, nitrite level, acetylcholinesterase and proteins were also assessed. Central administration of colchicine (15 µg/rat) showed poor retention of memory. Chronic treatment with quercetin (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily for a period of 25 days beginning 4 days prior to colchicine injection significantly improved the colchicine-induced cognitive impairment. Biochemical analysis revealed that i.c.v. colchicine injection significantly increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite and depleted reduced glutathione activity in the brains of rats. Chronic administration of quercetin significantly attenuated elevated lipid peroxidation and restored the depleted reduced glutathione, acetylcholinesterase activity and nitrite activity. The results of the present study clearly indicated that quercetin has a neuroprotective effect against colchicine-induced cognitive dysfunctions and oxidative damage. This article was published online on 3 November 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print version to indicate that both have been corrected. [24 November 2008] Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Bone turnover markers and sex hormones in men with idiopathic osteoporosisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 5 2001P. Pietschmann Background In contrast to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, osteoporosis in men has received much less attention. Patients and We determined various biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and sex hormones in 31 men with idiopathic osteoporosis and 35 age matched control subjects. Results In the men with osteoporosis, a significantly increased urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (5·3 ± 0·2 vs. 4·6 ± 0·2 nmol mmol,1 creatinine; P = 0·033) in addition to increased serum levels of the c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (2677 ± 230 vs. 2058 ± 153 pmol; P = 0·037) were found. While parameters of bone formation were not significantly different in the patients and controls, serum bone sialoprotein levels were significantly decreased in the patients (3·7 ± 0·8 vs. 12·4 ± 4·0 ng mL,1; P = 0·021). Moreover, in men with idiopathic osteoporosis, lower levels of estradiol (91·3 ± 5·8 vs. 114·6 ± 7·8 pmol L,1; P = 0·044), higher levels of sex hormone binding globulin (31·5 ± 3·1 vs. 24·2 ± 1·4 nmol L,1; P = 0·034) and a decreased free androgen index (42·6 ± 5·2 vs. 56·4 ± 5·9; P = 0·016) were seen. Serum estradiol levels correlated negatively with several parameters of bone resorption. Conclusions In men with idiopathic osteoporosis, bone resorption is increased and exceeds bone formation. The excessive bone resorption seen in idiopathic male osteoporosis may be due to decreased estradiol levels and low levels of bioavailable testosterone. [source] Effect of textile waste water on the spermatogenesis of male albino ratsJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 3 2003R. S. Gupta Abstract Textile waste water released from dyeing and printing industries situated in Sanganer, Jaipur (India), brought about inhibition of spermatogenesis in male rats. Water analysis showed the presence of heavy metals at more than permissible limits. Oral administration of waste water to the rats at the dose level of 26.6 ml kg,1 body wt. significantly reduced the weights of testes, epididymides and seminal vesicle. Treated animals showed a notable depression of various stages of spermatogenesis. The production of spermatids was inhibited by 70.8% in waste-water-treated rats. The populations of spermatogonia, preleptotene spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes were decreased by 67.2, 71.1 and 73.2%, respectively. The total number of Sertoli cells was affected after waste water treatment. Reduced sperm count and motility resulted in treated groups. A significant fall in the content of various biochemical parameters of reproductive tissues was observed after water treatment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Proteome mapping of overexpressed membrane-enriched and cytosolic proteins in sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) resistant clinical isolate of Leishmania donovaniBRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Awanish Kumar WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Over 60% of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India and Sudan have become unresponsive to treatment with pentavalent antimonials, the first line of drugs for over 60 years. The drug resistance mechanism, studied so far in in vitro selected laboratory strains, has been attributed to various biochemical parameters. The resistance to Sb (V) in Leishmania field isolates is still unexplored. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS In order to elucidate for the first time the mechanism of drug resistance in field isolates, this study was done in those clinically relevant field isolates which were either responsive or non responsive to SAG. A comparison of proteome profiles of membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic protein fractions of these isolates has pinpointed the multiple overexpressed proteins in resistant isolates. This study has indicated their possible essential role in antimony resistance of the parasite and provides a vast field to be exploited to find much needed novel treatment strategies against VL. AIMS This study aimed to identify differentially overexpressed membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic proteins in SAG sensitive and resistant clinical strains of L. donovani isolated from VL patients which are involved in the drug resistance mechanism. METHODS The proteins in the membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic fractions of drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant clinical isolates were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and overexpressed identified protein spots of interest were excised and analysed using MALDI-TOF/TOF. RESULTS Six out of 12 overexpressed proteins were identified in the membrane-enriched fraction of the SAG resistant strain of L. donovani whereas 14 out of 18 spots were identified in the cytosolic fraction as compared with the SAG sensitive strain. The major proteins in the membrane-enriched fraction were ABC transporter, HSP-83, GPI protein transamidase, cysteine,leucine rich protein and 60S ribosomal protein L23a whereas in the cytosolic fraction proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proteasome alpha 5 subunit, carboxypeptidase, HSP-70, enolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, tubulin-beta chain have been identified. Most of these proteins have been reported as potential drug targets, except 60S ribosomal protein L23a and PCNA which have not been reported to date for their possible involvement in drug resistance against VL. CONCLUSION This study for the first time provided a cumulative proteomic analysis of proteins overexpressed in drug resistant clinical isolates of L. donovani indicating their possible role in antimony resistance of the parasite. Identified proteins provide a vast field to be exploited for novel treatment strategies against VL such as cloning and overexpression of these targets to produce recombinant therapeutic/prophylactic proteins. [source] | ||||||||||