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Various Autoimmune Diseases (various + autoimmune_diseases)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Dermatology28%

Selected Abstracts

Neutrophil recruitment in immunized mice depends on MIP-2 inducing the sequential release of MIP-1,, TNF-, and LTB4

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 8 2006
Cleber
Abstract Neutrophils are thought to play an important role in the tissue damage observed in various autoimmune diseases. Chemokines, cytokines and leukotrienes have recognized roles in the orchestration of neutrophil migration. We have recently shown that antigen-induced neutrophil migration into the peritoneum of immunized mice is mediated by macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1, which interacts with CCR1 and induces the sequential release of TNF-, and leukotriene,B4 (LTB4). The present study investigates the role of MIP-2 and CXCR2 in the cascade of events leading to mediator generation and neutrophil influx. Antigen challenge of immunized mice induced the expression of CXCR2 and the production of KC and MIP-2 proteins. Antigen-induced neutrophil migration was inhibited by a CXCR2 receptor antagonist (repertaxin) or an anti-MIP-2 antibody, but not by an anti-KC antibody. Administration of MIP-2 promoted a dose-dependent neutrophil migration in naive mice which was inhibited by repertaxin, anti-TNF-,, anti-MIP-1, antibodies or by MK886 (leukotriene synthesis inhibitor). MIP-2 administration induced the release of MIP-1,, TNF-, and LTB4, and the release of the latter two was inhibited by anti-MIP-1, antibody treatment. Our studies highlight the intricate balance between mediator production and action during an immune-mediated inflammatory response and suggest a mediator cascade leading to neutrophil influx following antigen challenge of immunized mice: MIP-2 , MIP-1, , TNF-, , LTB4. [source]

Henoch,Schonlein purpura as a complication of a myelodysplastic syndrome

GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2006
Jacob Feldman
Henoch,Schonlein purpura (HSP) is considered as a small blood vessel systemic vasculitis. We describe a 78-year-old female, known to suffer from a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), who developed HSP with renal involvement. The ensuing decline in kidney function progressed to the point where the patient required dialysis. Surprisingly, renal biopsy did not show crescentic glomerulonephritis. MDS, essentially a hematological disorder of the elderly, has been associated with various autoimmune diseases including vasculitis, predominantly cutaneous. Our patient, however, is only the third reported in whom the combination of MDS with HSP was found. The occurrence of HSP in our patient with underlying MDS may represent a paraneoplastic phenomenon. [source]

Extended indications for anti-tumor necrosis factor-, therapy

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES, Issue 2 2006
Chong-Hyeon YOON
Abstract Tumour necrosis factor-, is a pleiotropic cytokine which has a broad range of actions in inflammation, infection and immunity. TNF-, is supposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. TNF-, blocking agents have been demonstrated to be highly effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. TNF-, inhibitors also have been tried with other rheumatic diseases and have emerged as promising treatments. We here review the current evidences of effectiveness of the anti-TNF-, therapy in various autoimmune diseases. [source]

Association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism with oral submucous fibrosis in Taiwan

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 4 2004
Yi-Ning Shin
Background:, Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious, pre-cancerous, chronic disease that may affect the entire oral cavity and sometimes extend to the pharynx. It has been reported to be associated with immune function. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4; CD (cluster of differentiation) 152) is a negative regulator of T-lymphocyte activation. Particular genotypes of the locus encoding the CTLA-4 glycoprotein have been associated with susceptibility to various autoimmune diseases. This study was designed to investigate the role of CTLA-4 polymorphism in susceptibility to OSF. Methods:, We genotyped 62 patients with OSF and 147 healthy controls for allelic determinants at the exon 1 +49 polymorphism site by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Genotype and phenotype frequencies were evaluated with Chi-squared test. Results:, The G allele at position +49 of exon 1 was significantly associated with OSF. The frequency of A/A homozygotes was higher in controls than in patients (17.0% vs. 3.2%; ,2 = 7.65, P = 0.02); the G phenotype was more frequent in patients than in controls (96.8% vs. 83.0%; ,2 = 9.31, P = 0.002). Compared with controls, the G allele genotype and phenotype frequencies were increased in patients with OSF. Conclusion:, This is the first report that the CTLA-4 +49 G allele confers an increased risk of OSF in Taiwan. [source]

Immunopathogenesis of psoriasis: focus on natural killer T cells

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 10 2009
S Peternel
Abstract Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease triggered by dysregulated immune response and characterized by hyperproliferation and altered differentiation of keratinocytes. Formation of psoriatic lesions is thought to be elicited by the complex cellular and cytokine network arising from the pathogenic interactions between keratinocytes and components of innate and acquired immune system. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogenous T-cell lineage that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases including psoriasis. Due to the numerous functions of NKT cells that link innate and adaptive immunity, their role in psoriasis is complex and still elusive. We summarize the currently available literature data on this issue and discuss the possible role of NKT cells in the immunopathogenesis of this autoimmune disease. [source]

CTLA4/ICOS gene variants and haplotypes are associated with rheumatoid arthritis and primary biliary cirrhosis in the Canadian population

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2009
Erin J. Walker
Objective The co-occurrence of different autoimmune diseases in patients and their families suggests the presence of shared genetic risk factors. Two compelling candidate autoimmune disease susceptibility genes are those that encode CTLA4 and inducible costimulator (ICOS), immunoregulatory proteins. Associations of CTLA4 polymorphisms with various autoimmune diseases have been reported, but for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), the association data are inconsistent and have largely excluded analysis of polymorphisms in the ICOS gene adjacent to CTLA4. We undertook this study to examine whether CTLA4 and ICOS influence RA and PBC susceptibility by testing CTLA4/ICOS polymorphisms for association with these diseases in Canadian subjects. Methods Caucasian RA patients (n = 1,140), PBC patients (n = 481), and controls (n = 1,248) were typed for 21 biallelic polymorphisms across the CTLA4/ ICOS genes using a multiplex genotyping array, and the results were analyzed using a false discovery rate method to correct for multiple testing. Results Significant associations of multiple CTLA4 and ICOS gene polymorphisms with RA and PBC were observed, with the strongest association signals for both diseases coming from a CTLA4/ICOS intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs17268364 (corrected P [Pcorr] = 6.0 × 10,4 and Pcorr < 1.0 × 10,4, respectively). Significant associations, which were common to both diseases, were also observed with other alleles and haplotypes across 3 linkage disequilibrium blocks within the CTLA4 gene, the intergenic region, and the ICOS gene. Conclusion Our results provide evidence for RA and PBC association with the CTLA4/ICOS locus and suggest that the risk allele(s) within this region may be common to both diseases. [source]

Alopecia areata associated with idiopathic primary hypophysitis

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2005
C. Ajith
Summary Alopecia areata has been reported in association with various autoimmune diseases. Idiopathic primary hypophysitis is an organ specific autoimmune disease affecting the pituitary gland. We report a case of alopecia areata occurring in a patient of idiopathic primary hypophysitis. The constellation of the two diseases can be explained by autoimmunity, which is a major aetiologic factor in both diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such an association. [source]