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Various Age Groups (various + age_groups)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

THE NARROWING GENDER GAP IN ARRESTS: ASSESSING COMPETING EXPLANATIONS USING SELF-REPORT, TRAFFIC FATALITY, AND OFFICIAL DATA ON DRUNK DRIVING, 1980,2004,

CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
JENNIFER SCHWARTZ
We evaluate two alternative explanations for the converging gender gap in arrest,changes in women's behavior versus changes in mechanisms of social control. Using the offense of drunk driving and three methodologically diverse data sets, we explore trends in the DUI gender gap. We probe for change across various age groups and across measures tapping DUI prevalence and chronicity. Augmented Dickey-Fuller time-series techniques are used to assess changes in the gender gap and levels of drunk driving from 1980 to 2004. Analyses show women of all ages making arrest gains on men,a converging gender gap. In contrast, self-report and traffic data indicate little or no systematic change in the DUI gender gap. Findings support the conclusion that mechanisms of social control have shifted to target female offending patterns disproportionately. Little support exists for the contention that increased strain and liberalized gender roles have altered the gender gap or female drunk-driving patterns. [source]

Passion Does Make a Difference in People's Lives: A Look at Well-Being in Passionate and Non-Passionate Individuals

APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 1 2009
Frederick L. Philippe
The purpose of the present research was to examine the differences in well-being between passionate and non-passionate individuals of various age groups. The results of two studies (total n = 885) provided support for the hypothesis that being harmoniously passionate for an activity contributes significantly to both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, while being obsessively passionate for an activity or having no passion at all does not contribute to well-being. Furthermore, results from Study 2 showed that only harmoniously passionate people experienced an increase in subjective vitality over a 1-year period compared to obsessively passionate and non-passionate people who did not differ from each other. These results also held true after controlling for the effect of age and gender. It would thus appear that passion does make a difference in people's lives, as long as such passion is harmonious in nature. [source]

Climate and respiratory disease in Auckland, New Zealand

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 6 2009
Ashmita Gosai
Abstract Objective: Increases in the incidence of diseases are often observed during the cold winter months, particularly in cities in temperate climates. The study aim is to describe daily, monthly and seasonal trends in respiratory hospital admissions with climate in Auckland, New Zealand. Methods: Daily hospital admissions for total respiratory infections or inflammations (RII), total bronchitis and asthma (BA), and total whooping cough and acute bronchitis (TWCAB) for various age groups and ethnicities were obtained for the Auckland Region and compared with climate parameters on daily, monthly and seasonal time scales. Results: Seasonal and monthly relationships with minimum temperature were very strong (p<0.001) for RII over all age groups, for BA in the older age groups (14-64, 65+) and for TWCAB in the <1 year old age group. European, NZ M,ori and Pacific Islanders all showed increases in admissions as temperatures decreased. Pacific Islanders were particularly susceptible to RII. There was a lag in admissions of three to seven days after a temperature event. Conclusions and Implications: Results show that increases in respiratory admissions are strongly linked to minimum temperatures during winter, typical of cities with temperate climates and poorly-insulated houses. There are implications for hospital bed and staffing planning in Auckland hospitals. [source]

Paediatric pseudophakia: analysis of intraocular lens power and myopic shift

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 3 2007
William F Astle MD
Abstract Background: At the Alberta Children's Hospital, the authors have been performing paediatric cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implant for over 10 years. The authors examined the amount of myopic shift that occurs in various age groups and cataract types, in order to evaluate the success of predicting the appropriate power of IOL to implant. Methods: This study is a retrospective review children undergoing small incision posterior chamber foldable IOL implantation between age 1 month and 18 years, from 1995 to 2005. 163 eyes of 126 patients underwent surgery. All patients were followed for a minimum of 6 months postoperatively. The children were divided into four groups at time of surgery: Group A: 1,24 months, Group B: 25,48 months, Group C: 49,84 months, Group D: 85 months,18 years. Results: The mean target refraction for the groups were: Group A: +6.37 D, Group B: +4.66 D, Group C: +1.95 D, and Group D: +0.97 D. Children under 4 years experienced the most myopic shift and the largest mean rate of refractive change per year. Mean change Group A: ,5.43 D, Group B: ,4.16 D, Group C: ,1.58 D, Group D: ,0.71 D. Eighty-nine per cent of patients with unilateral cataracts had a postoperative refraction within 3.00 D of the fellow eye at last follow-up visit (mean = 3.16 years). Conclusions: The rate of myopic shift is high in children under age 4 years at time of surgery, shifting as much as ,12.00 D. The mean postoperative target refraction should probably be increased from previous literature recommendations. The patient's age at time of cataract surgery and the refractive power of fellow eye are all factors to consider when deciding what power IOL to surgically implant in a paediatric patient. [source]