Valence Effects (valence + effects)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Effects of valence and framing in decision-making: Assessing decision-makers' perceived domains of choice

JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002
Kimihiko Yamagishi
Abstract:, In comparison between choice alternatives, judgments of "How much better is a preferred option?" and "How much worse is a less preferred option?" may differ in their magnitudes. Such discrepancies are called "valence effects". Previously,Yamagishi and Miyamoto (1996) observed systematic positive valence effects ("Better" exceeding "Worse") in the domain of gains and systematic negative valence effects ("Worse" exceeding "Better") in the domain of losses. The current experiments used the directions of valence effects as a tool to assess decision-maker's interpretation of choice tasks under "framing effects" (Tversky & Kahneman, 1986). Preferences under the framing effect switch from certain options in the domain of gains to uncertain options in the domain of losses. Two experiments showed that preferences for certain options were associated with positive valence effects, whereas preferences for uncertain options were associated with negative valence effects. Moreover, conditions wherein the framing manipulations lose the effectiveness were examined. Valence effects showed that framing effects ceased to occur when decision-makers maintained consistent domain perceptions as pertaining to gains or to losses, across the domains of gains and losses. Implications are discussed. [source]


Electromagnetic brain activity evoked by affective stimuli in schizophrenia

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5 2006
Brigitte Rockstroh
Abstract Schizophrenia is typically associated with cognitive deficits, but symptoms also point to alterations in the processing of affective material, with potential impact on behavioral performance. This impact may unfold on multiple time scales, but initial processing of rapidly unfolding social cues may be particularly important. MEG-assessed regional brain activity associated with the capacity to process the emotional content of rapid visual stimuli (3/s) was examined in 12 individuals with schizophrenia and 12 matched controls. Patients showed less differentiation of emotional versus neutral stimuli 90,300 ms following picture onset. Together with group differences in the lateral topography of valence effects, these results are discussed as evidence of deficient automatic processing of emotionally potent stimuli in schizophrenia. [source]