Vaccine Delivery (vaccine + delivery)

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Terms modified by Vaccine Delivery

  • vaccine delivery system

  • Selected Abstracts


    Themed Issue: Challenges and Advances in Vaccine Delivery: Unlocking the Pharmaceutical Conundrum

    JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2006
    Professor David S. Jones
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    Radioevaluation of PAMs, CMs, and PS-Lip as an oral carrier for vaccine delivery into intestinal Peyer's patches

    DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 12 2006
    Chang-Moon Lee
    Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of pullulan acetate microparticles (PAMs), chitosan micropaticles (CMs), and dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-serine-liposomes (PS-Lip) as oral carriers for delivery to the intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs). To monitor PP delivery after oral administration, PAMs, CMs, and PS-Lip were radiolabeled with 99mTc. Radiolabeling efficiencies of the particles were 95±2.5% (PAMs), 87±4.3% (CMs), and 77.2±5.8% (PS-Lip). In delivery studies to the PPs, the percentage of PS-Lip taken up to the PPs was 3.8 × 10,3±0.3% of the administered dose with PS-Lip group showed significantly high uptake compared to the PAM and CM groups. These results suggest that PS-Lip may be used as a potential system for developing an oral delivery carrier. Drug Dev. Res. 67:884,889, 2006. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


    Epicutaneous immunization converts subsequent and established antigen-specific T helper type 1 (Th1) to Th2-type responses

    IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
    Jessica Strid
    Summary Epicutaneous immunization is a potential novel technique for topical vaccine delivery. It targets the immunologically rich milieu of the skin while having the advantage of being a non-invasive immunization procedure. By disrupting the stratum corneum of the epidermis a natural adjuvant effect can be achieved through activation of resident Langerhans cells. This negates the normal need for co-application of noxious adjuvants. Epicutaneous immunization on barrier-disrupted skin induces potent antigen-specific systemic immunity with a strong T helper type 2 (Th2) bias. We show here that epicutaneous immunization enhances the vigour of a subsequent T-cell response to the same antigen. The induced systemic Th2 response prevents the development of Th1 responses induced through injection of antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Prior epicutaneous immunization results in reduced production of antigen-specific interferon-, and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and enhanced interleukin-4, IgG1 and IgE responses to immunization with CFA. Moreover, epicutaneous immunization converts an established Th1 response to a Th2 response, as demonstrated by the specific reduction of interferon-, and IgG2a and the enhancement of interleukin-4 and IgE. This Th2 dominance of epicutaneous immunization may have direct therapeutic application as an immune-modulating procedure in Th1-dominant diseases such as autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and multiple sclerosis. [source]


    Transcutaneous delivery and thermostability of a dry trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine patch

    INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES, Issue 2 2008
    Vladimir G. Frolov
    A patch containing a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) was prepared in a dried, stabilized formulation for transcutaneous delivery. When used in a guinea pig immunogenicity model, the dry patch was as effective as a wet TIV patch in inducing serum anti-influenza IgG antibodies. When the dry TIV patch was administered with LT as an adjuvant, a robust immune response was obtained that was comparable with or better than an injected TIV vaccine. When stored sealed in a nitrogen-purged foil, the dry TIV patch was stable for 12 months, as measured by HA content, under both refrigerated and room temperature conditions. Moreover, the immunological potency of the vaccine product was not affected by long-term storage. The dry TIV patch was also thermostable against three cycles of alternating low-to-high temperatures of ,20/25 and ,20/40°C, and under short-term temperature stress conditions. These studies indicate that the dry TIV patch product can tolerate unexpected environmental stresses that may be encountered during shipping and distribution. Because of its effectiveness in vaccine delivery and its superior thermostable characteristics, the dry TIV patch represents a major advance for needle-free influenza vaccination. [source]


    Ultrasonic immunization of sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), with a mixed vaccine against Vibrio alginolyticus and V. anguillarum

    JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 6 2002
    Y-C Zhou
    In order to clarify the effectiveness of ultrasonication on vaccine delivery, juvenile sea bream, Pagrus major, were treated with eight different ultrasonic methods. A mixed vaccine against Vibrio alginolyticus and V. anguillarum was used to immunize the fish. The intensity and frequency of the ultrasound were 280 mW cm,2 and 35 kHz, respectively. The ultrasonic methods included continuous or pulsed ultrasound for 3 min, and continuous or pulsed ultrasound for 3 min before and/or after immersion for 3 min. Of all the eight ultrasonic methods tested, `pulsed ultrasound followed by immersion' and `immersion, pulsed ultrasound, and followed by immersion again' provided the best protection, which were comparable with protection of fish immunized by intraperitoneal injection. Moreover, the convenience of applying these two ultrasonic methods for immunization was comparable with the immersion method and was much better than intraperitoneal injection. If 2 × 108 CFU mL,1 of this mixed vaccine was used for vaccination repeatedly five times by ultrasonic methods, it could still produce good protection for the immunized sea bream. Therefore, the ultrasonic method is an effective and practical approach for fish vaccination on a large scale. [source]


    A practical approach to the use of nanoparticles for vaccine delivery

    JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 12 2006
    Janet Wendorf
    Abstract The objective of this work was to obtain a nanoparticle formulation that could be sterile filtered, lyophilized, and resuspended to the initial size with excipients appropriate for use as a vaccine formulation. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) polymers were used to create nanoparticles ranging in size from 110 to 230 nm. Protein antigens were adsorbed to the particles; the protein-nanoparticles were then lyophilized with the excipients. Vaccine compatible excipient combinations of sugars alone, surfactants alone, and sugars and surfactants were tested to find conditions where initial particle size was recovered. Sterile filtration of smaller nanoparticles led to minimal PLG losses and allowed the particle preparation to be a nonaseptic process. We found that the smaller nanoparticles of size ,,120 nm, required higher surfactant concentration to resuspend postlyophilization than slightly larger (,220 nm) particles. To resuspend 120 nm nanoparticles formulations of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with sucrose/mannitol or dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) with trehalose/mannitol were sufficient. The protein-nanoparticles resuspension with the same excipients was dependent on the protein and protein loading level. The nanoparticle formulations in vivo were either similar or had enhanced immunogenicity compared to aluminum hydroxide formulations. A lyophilized nanoparticle formulation with adsorbed protein antigen and minimal excipients is an effective vaccine delivery system. Copyright © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 95:2738,2750, 2006 [source]


    Latest news and product developments

    PRESCRIBER, Issue 18 2008
    Article first published online: 3 OCT 200
    Inhaled steroids for all children with asthma? Some children with mild well-controlled asthma may not need a daily inhaled steroid, a Scandinavian study suggests (Arch Dis Child 2008;93:654-9). A total of 176 children aged 5-10 years were randomised to treatment with cromoglicate (Intal) or budesonide. Initially high doses of budesonide (400,g twice daily) were reduced after one month to 200,g twice daily for four months; subsequent treatment for a further year was 100,g twice daily as required for exacerbations or 100,g twice daily regularly. Budesonide was associated with greater improvement in lung function and fewer exacerbations compared with cromoglicate, but after 18 months lung function improvements did not differ. Regular budesonide was associated with fewer exacerbations than as-required administration (0.97 vs 1.69 per patient in months 7-18) but no difference in asthma-free days or use of rescue medication. Growth suppression was slightly greater with continuous budesonide. Interventions to reduce atypicals weight gain A systematic review has found that techniques such as cognitive behaviour therapy and nutritional counselling can reduce weight gain associated with atypical antipsychotics (Br J Psychiatry 2008;193:101-7). Analysis of 10 randomised trials lasting eight weeks to six months found that nonpharmacological intervention increased mean weight loss by about 2.5kg compared with usual care. Check flu vaccine delivery Production of flu vaccine is proceeding according to plan, the Director of Immunisation has told GPs. Practices should now contact their suppliers to confirm a delivery schedule so that clinics can be arranged. New BNF for Children The fourth BNF for Children has been published, containing new sections on HPV vaccination, contraception, treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease and the use of continuous iv infusions in neonates. BNFC 2008 is available online at bnfc.org/bnfc. MMR catch-up ,urgent' The DoH has called for urgent action to reduce the risk of a measles epidemic. Following years of relatively low uptake of MMR vaccine, the pool of unprotected children is now large enough to raise the prospect of 30 000-100 000 measles cases in England. A catch-up campaign will now target children and young people who have never been vaccinated, followed by those who have not completed their course of immunisation. Resource materials are available at www.immunisation.nhs.uk. , A new brand of MMR vaccine is now available. Sanofi Pasteur MSD has replaced MMRII with a new formulation and presentation, MMRvaxPro. The new vaccine is equivalent to its predecessor and interchangeable with Priorix. Early primary prevention with low-dose aspirin? GPs should consider prescribing low-dose aspirin for primary prevention for men aged 48 and women aged 57, say UK researchers (Heart 2008; published online 15 August 2008. doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.150698). Using data from the THIN network of electronic patient records, they modelled the age at which 10-year coronary risk changed from <10 per cent to >10 per cent in men and women without diabetes, not taking lipid-lowering therapy and with no history of cardiovascular disease. Does COPD therapy slow progression? Treatment with an inhaled steroid and long-acting beta-agonist may slow progression of COPD, according to a new analysis of the TORCH study (Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;178:332-8). TORCH was designed to determine the effects of COPD treatment on mortality; the primary analysis found no significant difference between fluticasone/salmeterol (Seretide) and placebo (N Engl J Med 2007;356:775-89). This analysis found that the rate of decline in FEV1 (a marker of disease progression) was significantly greater with placebo (55ml per year) than with salmeterol or fluticasone monotherapy (both 42ml per year) or their combination (39ml per year). Faster decline in FEV1 was associated with current smoking, lower BMI and more frequent exacerbations. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd [source]


    Challenges, lessons learned and results following the implementation of a human papilloma virus school vaccination program in South Australia

    AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 4 2009
    Maureen Watson
    Abstract Objective: To describe the process and challenges in the roll out of a large cervical cancer vaccination program to protect against human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Methods: This article describes the process of planning and implementing a HPV vaccination program using the existing state-wide framework that supports vaccine delivery to all 219 high schools in South Australia. The decision was made to offer three doses of HPV vaccine to 50,191 female students in Years 8-12 during the 2007 school year. Results: By November 2007, despite many challenges, the school vaccination program had delivered 107,541 doses of HPV vaccine. Coverage of dose 1 was highest in Years 8 (83%) and 10 (70%), but was reduced for doses 2 and 3 in all year levels, with dose 3 coverage ranging from 55% (Year 11) to 77% (Year 8). Conclusions: The introduction of a large school-based vaccination program at short notice posed new challenges for the co-ordination and implementation. Not all schools supported the introduction of HPV vaccine, resulting in reduced access for some students. Negative media messages provided a strong platform for individuals who opposed vaccination. These factors may have contributed to the less-than-expected uptake of HPV vaccine. Implications: Historically, there has been high uptake of other vaccines given to adolescents. However, the introduction of HPV vaccine may have adversely affected the uptake of Hepatitis B vaccine, given concurrently in the school program. Further studies are needed to determine if this is likely to have a negative effect on the public perception of the value of vaccine programs in general. [source]


    Modeling of protein and phenolic compound removal from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation

    BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 1 2010
    Goran Robi
    Abstract Electrocoagulation is a technique basically applied in water and wastewater treatment, but which has a number of potential applications in polymer, protein, drug, and vaccine delivery. In this work, we correlate the current applied between the electrodes to the removal of phenolic compounds or protein from aqueous solutions, but the principle can also be applied to other biological compounds such as plant pigments and sugars. Simple and time-dependent models were developed based on the complex formation between these biological substances and the aluminium hydroxide gel phase. The models developed represent a good agreement with experimental data (R2 as high as 0.992). Besides construction of the models, the effect of pH on the efficiency of removal of proteins and phenolic compounds was evaluated. It was found that this parameter has significant effect on the efficiency of the electrocoagulation and the maximal removal efficiency for bovine serum albumin and phenolic compound catechin was observed at pH 8.0. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010 [source]