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Utilisation Efficiency (utilisation + efficiency)
Selected AbstractsComparative dry matter intake and nutrient utilisation efficiency in lactating cattle and buffaloesJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 4 2003Shyam S Paul Abstract An attempt was made to assess the comparative dry matter intake and nutrient utilisation efficiency of lactating buffaloes and cows based on results obtained from experimental feeding trials conducted in India. Data on dry matter (DM) intake, total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake, digestible crude protein (DCP) intake, body weight or metabolic body size (MBS), body weight change, milk yield or 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield, milk fat percentage and roughage/concentrate ratio in the diet of lactating buffaloes and cows were collected from published reports. The data were processed and analysed to assess the comparative dry matter intake and nutrient utilisation efficiency using suitable statistical analysis models. DM intake was significantly (P,<,0.01) lower in buffaloes (2.57,kg DM per 100,kg body weight or 119.2,g,kg,1 MBS) than in cattle (3.09,kg DM per 100,kg body weight or 132.0,g,kg,1 MBS). Mean gross energetic efficiency (30.53 versus 27.83%; P,<,0.01), gross protein efficiency (45.48 versus 37.06%; P,<,0.01), net energetic efficiency (69.16 versus 64.10%; P,<,0.05) and net protein efficiency (80.15 versus 59.59%; P,<,0.001) were significantly higher in buffaloes than in cattle. Lactating buffaloes consumed significantly less (P,<,0.001) protein (75.69,g DCP) and less (P,<,0.01) energy (695.9,g TDN) than cows (93.89,g DCP, 774.8,g TDN) for production of 1,kg of 4% fat-corrected milk. Buffaloes had higher energy and protein utilisation efficiencies as compared with cattle at similar fat-corrected milk production level, plane of energy and protein nutrition, body size and body weight change. Buffaloes (1.189,kg DM,kg,1 4% FCM) consumed a similar (P,>,0.05) amount of feed dry matter to that of cows (1.267,kg DM,kg,1 4% FCM). However, when DM intake,kg,1 FCM (4%) was compared at constant levels of metabolic body size, fat-corrected milk, body weight change, dietary energy concentration and green forage percentage in the diet, lactating buffaloes consumed significantly less DM,kg,1 FCM yield as compared with cattle. It was concluded that DM intake was lower in lactating buffaloes. Moreover, lactating buffaloes utilised dietary dry matter, energy and protein for milk production more efficiently than cattle. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Reactive CFD simulation of an FCC regeneratorASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2007M. Philip Schwarz Abstract A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model including coke combustion and heat transfer has been developed of the fluidised bed in the regenerator vessel of the fluidised bed catalytic cracker unit (FCCU) at the BP Bulwer Island Refinery. The model has been used to test various design modifications aimed at improving oxygen utilisation efficiency by reducing short-circuiting of solids through the vessel. A catalyst return distributor design has been determined that gives significantly better mixing, and hence significantly reduced breakthrough of oxygen and CO into the freeboard compared with the existing design. When the modification was implemented at the plant, excess O2 was reduced significantly Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||