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Useful Prognostic Indicator (useful + prognostic_indicator)
Selected AbstractsTheory of mind functioning in mentally disordered offenders detained in high security psychiatric care: its relationship to clinical outcome, need and riskCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 5 2007David Murphy Background,Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the cognitive mechanisms that allow us to infer our own mental states and those of others. Whilst ToM deficits are frequently observed among individuals with schizophrenia, little is known about their relationship to functional outcome. Aims,Among patients with schizophrenia in a high security hospital, to test whether ToM performance, in relation to other cognitive and clinical variables, is related to measures of subsequent clinical outcome. Methods,ToM was assessed using the modified advanced test (MAT) and the revised eyes task (RET). Outcome, including ongoing need and risk, was assessed using the HoNOS secure, CANFOR and HCR-20 respectively three years post ToM assessment. Results,Performance on the RET was the only variable to be significantly correlated with the symptom ratings of the HoNOS secure and the HCR-20 total scores. Performance on the RET also accounted for approximately half of the variance in the CANFOR ratings and a third in the risk management item ratings of the HCR-20. Age, number of years diagnosed with schizophrenia and other aspects of cognition were also significantly correlated with the HoNOS security scale. Conclusions,The results suggest that social perceptual ToM may be a useful prognostic indicator, but also that ToM impairments may represent an unmet need. Replication of the work with larger and more diverse samples of people with schizophrenia is necessary, as well as trials of therapeutic effort directed at improvement of ToM impairments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Assessment of corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase as a prognostic indicator in canine lymphomaJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 4 2005A. L. Wiedemann Objectives: To examine the incidence of elevated corticosteroidinduced alkaline phosphatase (sALP) in dogs with lymphoma and to determine if sALP is a reliable prognostic indicator in canine lymphoma. Methods: The medical records of 62 canine lymphoma patients treated with a combination chemotherapy protocol from 1994 to 2003 at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital were examined. Variables assessed with respect to response rate and remission duration included age, bodyweight, sex, breed, World Health Organization stage (I to V), substage (a or b), pretreatment administration of corticosteroid, and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, sALP and alanine aminotransferase. Results: sALP was not statistically significant with respect to response rate or duration of remission, nor was preinduction glucocorticoid administration. Stage was significant with respect to achieving remission. Clinical Significance: It was found that sALP is not a useful prognostic indicator for response rate and remission duration in dogs with lymphoma. [source] Sequential Plasma Lactate Concentrations as Prognostic Indicators in Adult Equine EmergenciesJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010B.S. Tennent-Brown Background: Sequential lactate concentration ([LAC]) measurements have prognostic value in that hospitalized humans and neonatal foals that have a delayed return to normolactatemia have greater morbidity and case fatality rate. Hypothesis: Prognosis for survival is decreased in horses with a delayed return to normal [LAC]. Animals: Two hundred and fifty adult horses presented for emergency evaluation excepting horses evaluated because of only ophthalmologic conditions, superficial wounds, and septic synovitis without systemic involvement. Methods: Prospective observational study. [LAC] was measured at admission and then at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after admission. The change in [LAC] over time ([LAC],T) was calculated from changes in [LAC] between sampling points. Results: Median [LAC] was significantly (P < .001) higher at admission in nonsurvivors (4.10 mmol/L [range, 0.60,18.20 mmol/L]) when compared with survivors (1.30 mmol/L [range, 0.30,13.90 mmol/L]) and this difference remained at all subsequent time points. The odds ratio for nonsurvival increased from 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.17,1.43) at admission to 49.90 (6.47,384) at 72 hours after admission for every 1 mmol/L increase in [LAC]. [LAC],T was initially positive in all horses but became negative and significantly lower in nonsurvivors for the time periods between 24,72 hours (, 0.47, P= .001) and 48,72 hours (, 0.07, P= .032) when compared with survivors (0.00 at both time periods) consistent with lactate accumulation in nonsurvivors. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results indicate that lactate metabolism is impaired in critically ill horses and [LAC],T can be a useful prognostic indicator in horses. [source] Apoptosis as an independent prognostic indicator in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagusPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 7 2001Hiroshi Shibata Apoptosis plays a crucial role in determining net cell proliferation and cell turnover in various tumors. The rate of apoptosis in tumor cells has been reported to be a useful prognostic indicator in colorectal carcinoma. We examined apoptosis in 72 specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) digoxigenin,nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. We examined correlation of apoptosis with outcome, clinicopathological features, and expression of the apoptosis-related proteins p53 and Bcl-2. The percentage of apoptotic cells, or apoptotic index (AI), ranged from 0.8 to 9.4 (mean: 3.47; SD: 2.02). Overall, 5-year survival of patients with high AI (AI , 5.0; n= 18) tumors was significantly higher than that of patients with low AI tumors (AI < 5.0; n= 58; 76.9% versus 44.9%; P= 0.042). AI did not correlate significantly with the clinicopathological features of patient age and sex, depth of tumor and histological differentiation, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, or venous invasion. In p53-negative tumors, the AI was significantly higher than in p53-positive tumors. We concluded that AI may be a useful prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following curative surgery, and that apoptosis in this tumor is related to relative underexpression of p53 protein. [source] | ||||||||||