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Used Substances (used + substance)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Dermatology40%

Selected Abstracts

Nonanoic acid , an experimental irritant

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2003
Jan E. Wahlberg
Irritant contact dermatitis is defined as a non-immunological skin reaction following exposure to various chemical, mechanical and physical factors. It is known that the skin response to irritants depends on the irritant applied and differs between chemically different irritants. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic detergent and the most frequently used substance in experimental irritant contact dermatitis. In 1980, it was suggested that nonanoic acid (NNA) could be used as a positive control when patch testing. Since then, NNA has been used as an experimental irritant in several studies and has been used as a chemically different substance compared to SLS. The present article presents a review of the application of NNA in studies on skin irritancy and experimental irritant contact dermatitis. [source]

Motives for substance use among young people seeking mental health treatment

EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2008
Leanne Hides
Abstract Aims: To explore substance use motives among young people seeking mental health treatment. Methods: Participants consisted of 103 young people seeking mental health treatment, who had used drugs or alcohol in the past year. The young people completed a 42-item substance use motives measure based on the Drinking Motives Measure for their most frequently used substance in the past year. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the substance use motives scale indicated the young people reported using substances for positive and negative drug effects, to socialize with their peers, and to cope with a negative affect. They did not report using substances for enhancement or conformity motives. Coping motives predicted the presence of a current substance use disorder. Conclusions: The findings support the need for integrated treatment approaches within mental health settings, particularly targeted at young people with co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. [source]

Contact allergy and medicinal herbs

JOURNAL DER DEUTSCHEN DERMATOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT, Issue 1 2008
Werner Aberer
Summary Herbal treatments are becoming increasingly popular, and are often used for internal as well as dermatological conditions, both externally as well as orally. The prevalence of contact sensitization against several plants especially of the Compositae family is quite high in Europe. Sensitization seems to occur relatively frequent with a few species such as arnica, elecampane and tea tree (oil), and occurs rarely with the majority. Testing for plant allergy is problematic because of the limited number of commercially available standardized patch test substances and the danger of active sensitization when testing with plants, parts thereof, or individual extracts. Knowledge about the allergic potential of plants is limited. Although plants are regarded as critical allergens by dermatologists, the number of reported cases of contact dermatitis is relatively small.Many widely used substances are not licensed as drugs or cosmet-ics. While the positive effects are frequently questionable or limited, the side effects are often more evident. Adverse effects of herbal medicines are an important albeit neglected subject in dermatology, which deserves further systematic investigation. [source]

The Longitudinal Impact of HIV+ Parents' Drug Use on Their Adolescent Children

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2009
Patricia E. Lester MD
The impact of parental substance use on the emotional and behavioral adjustment of their adolescent children was examined over 5 years. A representative sample of 220 parents with HIV (PWH) and 330 adolescent children in New York City were repeatedly assessed. Some parents never used marijuana or hard drugs over the 5 years (nonusers). Among those who were users, substance use varied over time. PWH who used substances during a specific 3-month period were classified as active users and those who abstained from substance use were classified as inactive users. Longitudinal regression analyses were used to analyze the impact of variations in patterns of substance use over time on their adolescent children's emotional adjustment and behavioral problems. PWH relapse exacerbated adolescent substance use, trouble with peers, and adolescent emotional distress. Even time-limited reductions in parents' substance abuse can have a significant positive impact on their adolescent children's emotional and behavioral adjustment. Interventions that address parental substance use among PWH should be developed to ameliorate the impact of substance use relapse on their adolescents. [source]

Clinical characteristics and patterns of referral to a primary mental health team: A retrospective study

ASIA-PACIFIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2009
Sean Jespersen MB CHB FC Psych SA MMed Psych FRANZCP
Abstract Introduction: The Primary Mental Health Team (PMHT) initiative in Victoria began almost 10 years ago, but there has been little evaluation of this important strategy to improve integration between mental health services and primary care. The present study investigated the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients referred to a PMHT in order to guide development of the service and better meet the needs of primary care providers and their patients. Methods: The referral forms (n=153) and assessment records (n=89) of patients referred consecutively to a PMHT over a 12-month period were investigated in a retrospective file review. Results: Most referrals were from general practitioners requesting consultations. Sixty-five percent of patients were female, 41% were not in a relationship and 47% were unemployed. Fewer children and elderly people were referred. Illnesses tended to be chronic with multiple symptoms, and in half of those referred there had been a poor response to treatment in primary care. Many were victims of abuse and used substances. Medical illnesses were often present and levels of psychosocial stress and functional impairment were high. Referrers appeared to overestimate risk, over diagnose depression, and under diagnose personality disorders and mixed anxiety and depression. Psychotherapy was the most common recommendation made by the PMHT. Discussion: In spite of the limitations of this study the findings are a useful description of the PMHT experience. The review enabled the team to describe and better understand the needs of primary care providers and their patients, and had a significant impact on the subsequent development and expansion of the PMHT. [source]