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Urban Markets (urban + market)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences75%

Selected Abstracts

American Livestock Improvers and Urban Markets during the Nineteenth Century

THE JOURNAL OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Issue 4 2007
Robyn S. Metcalfe
[source]

The Rise of Supermarkets in Africa: Implications for Agrifood Systems and the Rural Poor

DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 3 2003
Dave D. Weatherspoon
The rise of supermarkets in Africa since the mid-1990s is transforming the food retail sector. Supermarkets have spread fast in Southern and Eastern Africa, already proliferating beyond middle-class big-city markets into smaller towns and poorer areas. Supplying supermarkets presents both potentially large opportunities and big challenges for producers. Supermarkets' procurement systems involve purchase consolidation, a shift to specialised wholesalers, and tough quality and safety standards. To meet these requirements, producers have to make investments and adopt new practices. This is hardest for small producers, who risk exclusion from dynamic urban markets increasingly dominated by supermarkets. There is thus an urgent need for development programmes and policies to assist them in adopting the new practices that these procurement systems demand. [source]

Managerial failure in late Victorian Britain?: Land use and English agriculture

ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 2 2001
E.H. Hunt
This article focuses upon the neglected role of agriculture in Britain's relative economic decline. Landlords and farmers stand accused of responding inadequately to the flood of American cereal imports. Land-use changes are analysed by soil type and access to urban markets, revealing a range of opportunities and restraints, and an appropriate variety of responses. Other aspects of agriculturalists' responses to depression remain to be examined, but this exercise finds no evidence of significant managerial shortcomings. Rather, the interim verdict is similar to that on the performance of those British industrialists whose once-savaged reputations have been partly redeemed by the researches of McCloskey, Sandberg, et al. [source]

Preliminary Derivation of a Nursing Home Confusion Assessment Method Based on Data from the Minimum Data Set

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 7 2007
David Dosa MD
OBJECTIVES: To develop a Nursing Home Confusion Assessment Method (NH-CAM) for diagnosing delirium using items found on the Minimum Data Set (MDS) and to compare its performance with that of the delirium Resident Assessment Protocol (RAP) trigger and to an additive score of six of the RAP items. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using MDS and Medicare claims data. SETTING: Free-standing NHs in urban markets in the 48 contiguous U.S. states. PARTICIPANTS: Long-stay residents who returned to their NHs after acute hospitalizations between April and September 2000 (N=35,721). MEASUREMENTS: Mortality and rehospitalization rates within 90 days of readmission to the NH from the hospital. RESULTS: Almost one-third (31.8%) of the residents were identified as having delirium according to the RAP; 1.4% had full delirium, 13.2% had Subsyndromal II delirium, and 17.2% had Subsyndromal I delirium. More-severe NH-CAM scores were associated with greater risks of mortality and rehospitalization. NH-CAM levels were strong independent risk factors for survival and rehospitalization in a Cox model (hazard ratios ranging from 1.5 to 1.9 for mortality and 1.1 to 1.3 for rehospitalization) adjusting for cognitive and physical function, diagnoses, inpatient care parameters, care preferences, and sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSION: The NH-CAM successfully stratified NH residents' risk of mortality and rehospitalization. If validated clinically, the NH-CAM may be useful in care planning and in further research on the determinants and consequences of delirium in the NH. [source]