Home  About us  Contact
 

Underlying Motivations (underlying + motivation)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences60%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting40%

Selected Abstracts

Motivations and forms of corporate giving behaviour: insights from Australia

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 4 2008
Gary Noble
Although corporate support for many nonprofit organisations (NPOs) represents only a relatively small component of their overall income its importance is growing. As a consequence, the need to understand corporate giving behaviour in a way that supports the development of strategically targeted and successful marketing campaigns is of growing importance to marketing managers in many NPOs around the globe. This paper presents the findings of a study into the ,why' and ,how' of corporate giving behaviour in Australia. In the seven case studies examined, there was no strong evidence that Australian corporations give for other than strategic profit maximisation or political reasons. In contrast to the literature, altruistic and managerial utility did not emerge as strong motivational factors. This study also found that corporations are likely to have a number of corporate giving programmes each with its own underlying motivation and strategic purpose which network together to form a hierarchy of corporate giving programmes. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of this research for NPO managers attempting to increase their level of corporate support. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Stereotype Threat and Race of Interviewer Effects in a Survey on Political Knowledge

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003
Darren W. Davis
Social desirability is generally thought to underlie the propensity for survey respondents to tailor their answers to what they think would satisfy or please the interviewer. While this may in fact be the underlying motivation, especially on attitudinal and opinion questions, social desirability does not seem to be an adequate explanation for interviewer effects on factual questions. Borrowing from the social psychology literature on stereotype threat, we test an alternative account of the race-of-interviewer effects. Stereotype threat maintains that the pressure to disconfirm and to avoid being judged by negative and potentially degrading stereotypes interferes with the processing of information. We argue that the survey context contains many parallels to a testing environment in which stereotype threat might alter responses to factual questions. Through a series of framing experiments in a public opinion survey and the reliance on the sensitivity to the race of the interviewer, our results are consistent with expectations based on a theory of "stereotype threat." African American respondents to a battery of questions about political knowledge get fewer answers right when interviewed by a white interviewer than when interviewed by an African American interviewer. The observed differences in performance on the political knowledge questions cannot be accounted for by differences in the educational background or gender of the respondents. [source]

Flexible Daily Work Schedules in U.S. Jobs: Formal Introductions Needed?

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 1 2009
Article first published online: 9 DEC 200, LONNIE GOLDEN
The incidence of flexible daily starting and ending times of work presumably reflects the various underlying motivations of employers to offer them either as a formal workplace program or on a more selective basis. Access to scheduling flexibility is greater for managerial and professional, long hours, private sector, salaried and nonunion jobs, and for parents and men. This advantage is gained primarily through means other than a formal flexi-time plan. Implementation of more formal programs would likely promote more equity in access. [source]

The business case for sustainability?

BUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 6 2007
An examination of small firms in the UK's construction, restaurant sectors
Abstract Studies show that despite a concerted attempt by UK policy-makers to portray ,eco-efficiency' measures as cost reducing, most owner-managers of small firms view environmental measures as expensive to undertake. As a result, owner-managers tend to be highly resistant to voluntarily improving their environmental performance. Given that SMEs are such a vast sector of the economy, this perceived discord between profits and environmental protection is clearly a major barrier to the ,greening' of industry. This ESRC-funded study has sought to unearth the underlying motivations for why SME owner-managers in the UK resist or accept the idea that there are business benefits for improving their environmental performance. The findings from 40 in-depth interviews with SME owners in the UK's construction and restaurant sectors and 12 ,key informants' from industry and government are presented, followed by a discussion of SME perspectives on the ,business case' for sustainability and its implications for policy-makers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source]

A Farm Household Conception of Pluriactivity in Canadian Agriculture: Motivation, Diversification and Livelihood*

CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 1 2006
KENNETH C. BESSANTArticle first published online: 14 JUL 200
La collecte d'information du recensement sur la pluriactivité agricole ou sur l' « agriculture à temps partiel », comme on l'appelait au début, a commencé aussi tôt que dans les années trente aux États-Unis et dans les années quarante au Canada. Depuis, les chercheurs ne se sont pas contentés de rapporter les statistiques descriptives de base, ils ont effectué des enquêtes détaillées des diverses sources non agricoles sur le revenu familial global, sur les types d'emplois à l'exterieur de la ferme et sur les motivations sous-jacentes. Quoique l'intérêt pour le sujet ait quelque peu diminué, une analyse plus approfondie des ménages pluriactifs est justifiée, particulièrement à la lumière de la restructuration et du dépeuplement ruraux et de la « crise agricole ». Les spécialistes en sciences humaines ont suivi des pistes divergentes sur la nature de la pluriactivité; cependant, plusieurs de ces travaux sont liés aux concepts des collectivités rurales durables (CRD), comme les stratégies adaptatives, la diversification et la résilience. Dans cet article, l'auteur explore l'utilité de l'analyse des CRD pour interpréter la présence, la persistance, les formes et fonctions variées de pluriactivité dans les ménages agricoles canadiens. The collection of census information about pluriactivity or "part-time farming," as it was initially termed, began as early as the 1930s in the United States and the 1940s in Canada. Researchers have since moved beyond reporting basic descriptive statistics to detailed investigations of the various non-farm sources of total family income, types of off-farm employment, and underlying motivations. Although interest in the topic has waned somewhat, further analysis of pluriactive households is warranted, particularly in light of rural restructuring, farm depopulation, and the "farm crisis." Social scientists have pursued divergent lines of inquiry into the nature of pluriactivity; however, much of this work is related to Sustainable Rural Livelihoods (SRL) concepts such as adaptive strategies, diversification and resilience. This paper explores the utility of SRL analysis for interpreting the presence, persistence, and varied forms and functions of pluriactivity among Canadian farm households. [source]