Two-part Article (two-part + article)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Formaldehyde-releasers: Relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy, Part 2: Metalworking fluids and remainder

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2010
Anton De Groot
We have reviewed formaldehyde-releasers used in metalworking fluids (MWFs) in this and a previous part of a two-part article. These biocides do not appear to be frequent or important sensitizers. Even in highly selected patient groups of metalworkers, mean prevalence rates of sensitivity are low: 0.2% for Tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, 1.6% for tris(N -hydroxyethyl)hexahydrotriazine, 1.9% for Bioban® P-1487 and Bioban® CS-1246, and 2.8% for Bioban® CS-1135. In the case of the Biobans, many reactions may have been irritant. Only N,N,-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine) has a fairly high mean score of 4.0% in metalworkers. With the exception of Bioban® P-1487, there is a clear relationship between positive patch test reactions to the releasers and formaldehyde sensitivity: 40,70% of reactions to releasers occur in patients sensitive to formaldehyde and may therefore be caused by formaldehyde allergy. There is a lack of reliable data on the clinical relevance of contact allergy to the formaldehyde releasers in MWF. In most studies, no data on relevance were provided and in those that did, relevance was often found for a (very small) minority of the reactions only. Also discussed here are the formaldehyde-releasers MDM hydantoin, methenamine, N -methylolchloracetamide, paraformaldehyde, and Preventol® D2. [source]


Recent advances in microwave active filter design.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2002
Part 1: Low-frequency techniques, noise optimization
Abstract This two-part article presents a representative sample of recent advances in microwave active filter design. In part one, we discuss design techniques based on both analog and digital low-frequency methods that have been adapted to microwaves. From circuits with analog origins, we present simulated results, with some experimental verification, for a frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR) and active-inductance MMIC bandpass filters. From circuits with digital origins, we present experimental results for recursive filters, including MMIC bandpass and bandstop structures as well as higher-order cascaded sections. Part one concludes with a discussion of the noise-wave formalism and experimental results for active-recursive and tunable ring-resonator filters with minimum noise figure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 12: 159,176, 2002. [source]


Collagenolytic (necrobiotic) granulomas: part II , the ,red' granulomas

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2004
Jane M. Lynch
The altered fibers lose their distinct boundaries and exhibit new staining patterns, becoming either more basophilic or eosinophilic. Within the area of altered collagen, there may be deposition of acellular substances such as mucin (blue) or fibrin (red), or there may be neutrophils with nuclear dust (blue), eosinophils (red), or flame figures (red). These color distinctions can be used as a simple algorithm for the diagnosis of collagenolytic granulomas, i.e. ,blue' granulomas vs. ,red' granulomas. Eight diagnoses are included within these two groupings, which are discussed in this two-part article. In the previously published first part, the clinical presentation, pathogenesis and histologic features of the ,blue' collagenolytic granulomas were discussed. These are the lesions of granuloma annulare, Wegener's granulomatosis, and rheumatoid vasculitis. In this second half of the series, the ,red' collagenolytic granulomas are discussed; these are the lesions of necrobiosis lipoidica, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, rheumatoid nodules, Churg,Strauss syndrome, and eosinophilic cellulitis (Well's Syndrome). [source]


Collagenolytic (necrobiotic) granulomas: part 1 , the ,blue' granulomas

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2004
Jane M. Lynch
A collagenolytic or necrobiotic non-infectious granuloma is one in which a granulomatous infiltrate develops around a central area of altered collagen and elastic fibers. The altered fibers lose their distinct boundaries and exhibit new staining patterns, becoming either more basophilic or eosinophilic. Within the area of altered collagen, there may be deposition of acellular substances such as mucin (blue) or fibrin (red), or there may be neutrophils with nuclear dust (blue), eosinophils (red), or flame figures (red). These color distinctions can be used as a simple algorithm for the diagnosis of collagenolytic granulomas, i.e. ,blue' granulomas vs. ,red' granulomas. Eight diagnoses are included within these two groupings, which are discussed in this two-part article. In this first part, the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and histologic features of the ,blue' collagenolytic granulomas are discussed. These are the lesions of granuloma annulare, Wegener's granulomatosis, and rheumatoid vasculitis. In the subsequent half of this two-part series, the ,red' collagenolytic granulomas will be discussed; these are the lesions of necrobiosis lipoidica, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, rheumatoid nodules, Churg,Strauss syndrome, and eosinophilic cellulitis (Well's syndrome). [source]


Twenty-five years of end-user searching, Part 1: Research findings

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 8 2007
Karen Markey
This is the first part of a two-part article that reviews 25 years of published research findings on end-user searching in online information retrieval (IR) systems. In Part 1 (Markey, 2007), the author seeks to answer the following questions: What characterizes the queries that end users submit to online IR systems? What search features do people use? What features would enable them to improve on the retrievals they have in hand? What features are hardly ever used? What do end users do in response to the system's retrievals? Are end users satisfied with their online searches? Summarizing searches of online IR systems by the search features people use everyday makes information retrieval appear to be a very simplistic one-stop event. In Part 2, the author examines current models of the information retrieval process, demonstrating that information retrieval is much more complex and involves changes in cognition, feelings, and/or events during the information seeking process. She poses a host of new research questions that will further our understanding about end-user searching of online IR systems. [source]


Toward a model of the everyday life information needs of urban teenagers, Part 2: Empirical model

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 11 2006
Denise E. Agosto
This is the second part of a two-part article that presents a theoretical and an empirical model of the everyday life information needs of urban teenagers. Part 2 focuses on the derivation of the empirical model and on its relationship to the theoretical model presented in Part 1. Part 2 also provides examples from the project data to support each of the components of the empirical model, which ties 28 information needs topics to the seven independent variables in the theoretical model. Comparison of the empirical model to the results of past youth information behavior research shows that the participants in this study tended to have the same types of information needs as previous researchers have found with more advantaged, nonminority groups of teens. This finding is significant because it suggests that teenagers have similar information needs across socioeconomic, ethnic, cultural, and geographic boundaries. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, however, additional research is necessary to confirm this possibility. [source]


Research backs survey results: Achieving rapport is the key to getting mediation parties to reach a settlement

ALTERNATIVES TO THE HIGH COST OF LITIGATION, Issue 6 2006
Stephen B. Goldberg
In the conclusion of his two-part article on mediators' view of their own successes, Stephen B. Goldberg, of Chicago, examines academic research that expands upon some of his survey impressions [source]


How neutrals can overcome the psychology of disputing: The effect of framing and reactive devaluation in mediation

ALTERNATIVES TO THE HIGH COST OF LITIGATION, Issue 5 2006
Russell Korobkin
More advice for neutrals: In the conclusion of his two-part article, Russell Korobkin, of Los Angeles, describes two more impediments to mediation settlement. He also provides interventions that mediators can deploy to offset resistance to offers and further negotiations [source]


Estimates of spatial and interchannel observation-error characteristics for current sounder radiances for numerical weather prediction.

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Issue 649 2010
I: Methods, application to ATOVS data
Abstract This is the first part of a two-part article that uses three methods to estimate observation errors and their correlations for clear-sky sounder radiances used in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) assimilation system. The analysis is based on covariances derived from pairs of first-guess and analysis departures. The methods used are the so-called Hollingsworth/Lönnberg method, a method based on subtracting a scaled version of mapped assumed background errors from first-guess departure covariances and the Desroziers diagnostic. The present article reports the results for the three Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) instruments: the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)-A, High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS). The findings suggest that all AMSU-A sounding channels show little or no interchannel or spatial observation-error correlations, except for surface-sensitive channels over land. Estimates for the observation error are mostly close to the instrument noise. In contrast, HIRS temperature-sounding channels exhibit some interchannel error correlations, and these are stronger for surface-sensitive channels. There are also indications for stronger spatial-error correlations for the HIRS short-wave channels. There is good agreement between the estimates from the three methods for temperature-sounding channels. Estimating observation errors for humidity-sounding channels of MHS and HIRS appears more difficult. A considerable proportion of the observation error for humidity-sounding channels appears correlated spatially for short separation distances, as well as between channels. Observation error estimates for humidity channels are generally considerably larger than the instrument noise. Observation error estimates from this study are consistently lower than those assumed in the ECMWF assimilation system. As error correlations are small for AMSU-A, the study suggests that the current use of AMSU-A data in the ECMWF system in terms of observation-error or thinning-scale choices is fairly conservative. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society [source]


Dental complications of head and neck radiotherapy: Part 1

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2001
Nectarios Andrews
Abstract Radiotherapy for head and neck tumours is a viable treatment modality. However, a wide range of potentially debilitating dental complications may accompany this treatment. The nature and impact of these complications are outlined in this first part of a two-part article. In Part 2, prevention and management strategies available to the dental practitioner to stave off the dental side effects of radiotherapy will be explored. [source]