Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Tuning
Kinds of Tuning Terms modified by Tuning Selected Abstracts[FeFe]-Hydrogenase Models: Overpotential Control for Electrocatalytic H2 Production by Tuning of the Ligand ,-Acceptor AbilityEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 25 2010Fengwei Huo Abstract In the search for synthetic competitive catalysts that function with hydrogenase-like capability, a series of (Pyrrol-1-yl)phosphane-substituted diiron complexes [(,-pdt)Fe2(CO)5L] [pdt = propanedithiolate, L = Ph2PPyr (2), PPyr3 (4); Pyr = pyrrolyl] and [(,-pdt)Fe2(CO)4L2] [L = Ph2PPyr (3), PPyr3 (5)] were prepared as functional models for the active site of Fe-only hydrogenase. The structures of these complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In the IR spectra the CO bands for complexes 2,5 are shifted to higher energy relative to those of complexes with "traditional" phosphane ligands, such as PPh3, PMe3, and PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), indicating that (pyrrol-1-yl)phosphanes are poor ,-donors and better ,-acceptors. The electrochemical properties of complexes 2,5 were studied by cyclic voltammetry in CH3CN in the absence and presence of the the weak acid HOAc. The reduction potentials of these complexes show an anodic shift relative to other phosphane-substituted derivatives. All of the complexes can catalyze proton reduction from HOAc to H2 in CH3CN at their respective FeIFe0 level. Complex 4 is the most effective electrocatalyst, which catalytically generates H2 from HOAc at ,1.66 V vs. Fc+/Fc with only ca. 0.2 V overpotential in CH3CN. [source] Reversible, Fine Performance Tuning of an Organometallic Molecular Wire by Addition, Ligand Replacement and Removal of Dicobalt FragmentsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 23 2010Yuya Tanaka Abstract Communication between the two iron centres in (dithienylethyne)diyl complex 1 can be finely tuned by reversible addition to, ligand replacement at and removal from the C,C moiety in 1 of dicobalt fragments Co2(CO)n(PR3)6,n. Performance analysis reveals that disparate mechanisms are in operation for the two systems. In the case of the dicobalt adducts, indirect communication via the dicobalt steppingstone can be finely tuned by controlling the electronic structure of the dicobalt unit. [source] Redox Modification of EMACs Through the Tuning of Ligands: Heptametal(II) Complexes of Pyrazine-Modulated Oligo-,-pyridylamido LigandsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 14 2009Rayyat Huseyn Ismayilov Abstract Using pyrazine-modulated oligo-,-pyridylamido ligands N2 -(pyrazin-2-yl)- N6 -[6-(pyrazin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2-yl]pyridine-2,6-diamine (H3pzpz) and N2 -(pyrazin-2-yl)- N6 -[6-(pyridin-2-ylamino)pyridin-2-yl]pyridine-2,6-diamine (H3tpz), linear heptametal(II) extended metal atom chains (EMACs) [M7(,7 -L)4X2] [L = pzpz3,, M = NiII, X = Cl, (1), NCS, (2); M = CrII, X = Cl, (3), NCS, (4); L = tpz3,, M = CrII, X = Cl, (5), NCS, (6)] were synthesized and structurally characterized. Electrochemical studies showed that heptanickel(II) complexes can undergo one reversible oxidation at +0.46 V for 1 and +0.52 V for 2. Chromium(II) species 3 exhibited two reversible, one-electron oxidation peaks at +0.61 and +0.88 V, and 5 exhibited three reversible, one-electron oxidation peaks at +0.40, +0.68 and +1.07 V. The redox peaks shifted positively when axial ligands changed from chloride to thiocyanate anions, at +0.67 and +0.92 V for 4 and +0.44, +0.73 and +1.11 V for 6. The introduction of electron-withdrawing pyrazine rings to the spacer ligand retarded oxidation of the heptametal EMACs and stabilized the complexes. In nickel(II) species 1 and 2, both terminal nickel atoms exist in spin state S = 1 whereas all the inner nickel atoms exist in spin state S = 0. Temperature-dependent magnetic research revealed an antiferromagnetic interaction between the two terminal atoms through a superexchange pathway along metal cores with a parameter of about,4 cm,1. Chromium(II) species 3,6 showed a localized structure consisting of three quadruple Cr,Cr bonds and a single terminal CrII atom. Magnetic study revealed a quintet ground state resulting from the isolated, high-spin CrII atom.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) [source] Tuning of Copper(I),Dioxygen Reactivity by Bis(guanidine) Ligands,EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 19 2005Sonja Herres-Pawlis Abstract A series of bis(guanidine) ligands designed for use in biomimetic coordination chemistry, namely bis(tetramethylguanidino)-, bis(dipiperidinoguanidino)-, and bis(dimethylpropyleno)propane (btmgp, DPipG2p and DMPG2p, respectively), has been extended to include bis(dimethylethyleneguanidino)propane (DMEG2p), which has both Namine atoms of each guanidine functionality connected by a short ethylene bridge, as a member. From this series, a family of novel bis(guanidine)copper(I) compounds , [Cu2(btmgp)2][PF6]2 (1), [Cu2(DPipG2p)2][PF6]2 (2), [Cu2(DMPG2p)2][PF6]2 (3), and [Cu2(DMEG2p)2][PF6]2·2MeCN (4) , has been synthesised. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 1,4 demonstrated that these compounds contain dinuclear complex cations that contain twelve-membered heterocyclic Cu2N4C6 rings with the Cu atoms being more than 4 Ĺ apart. Each copper atom is surrounded by a set of two N-donor functions from different ligands, resulting in linear N,Cu,N coordination sites. Depending on their individual substitution patterns, the guanidine moieties deviate from planarity by characteristic propeller-like twists of the amino groups around their N,Cimine bonds. The influence of these groups on the reactivity of the corresponding complexes 1,4 with dioxygen was investigated at low temperatures by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy. The reaction products can be classified into ,-,2:,2 -peroxodicopper(II) or bis(,-oxo)dicopper(III) complex cations that contain the {Cu2O2}2+ core portion as different isomers. The electronic properties of the specific bis(guanidine) ligands are discussed from the viewpoint of their ,-donor and ,-acceptor capabilities, and it is shown that ,-,2:,2 -peroxodicopper(II) complexes are stabilised relative to the bis(,-oxo)dicopper(III) ones if , conjugation within the guanidine moieties is optimised. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005) [source] Iron(III) Chelation: Tuning of the pH Dependence by Mixed LigandsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 14 2003Anne-Marie Albrecht-Gary Abstract The iron(III) chelating properties of two heteropodands with 8-hydroxyquinoline and catechol binding groups were examined and compared to those of the corresponding homopodal analogues, O-TRENSOX and TRENCAMS. Like the parent homopodands, the two heteropodands are based on the TREN scaffold and the chelating units are connected by amide groups, TRENSOX2CAMS having two 8-hydroxyquinoline and one catechol arms and TRENSOXCAMS2 one 8-hydroxyquinoline and two catechol moieties. The aqueous coordination chemistry of these ligands was examined by potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods in combination with 1H NMR spectroscopy. The respective pFeIII values showed a cooperative effect of the mixed chelating units. Moreover, the pFeIII dependence on pH showed that the mixed ligands exhibit a higher complexing ability than the parent ligands over the pH range 5,9 which is of biological relevance. This result could be of great interest for medical applications. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003) [source] Selective Tuning of the HOMO,LUMO Gap of Carbazole-Based Donor,Acceptor,Donor Compounds toward Different Emission ColorsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 9 2010Huaqiang Zhang Abstract Carbazole-based donor,acceptor compounds with tunable HOMO,LUMO gaps were synthesized by Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. Their optical and electrochemical properties were fully characterized. The results show that materials with different emission colors ranging from blue to green to orange could be obtained. The experimental results were also supported by theoretical calculations. [source] Towards Long-Living Metathesis Catalysts by Tuning the N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligand on Trifluoroacetamide-Activated Boomerang Ru ComplexesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 25 2009Hervé Clavier Abstract The synthesis and characterization of three novel trifluoromethylamido-containing "boomerang" precatalysts bearing various N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are reported. Comparative kinetic and stability studies show the significant effect of the NHC on the catalyst reaction profile. An investigation of the reaction scope for diverse metathesis transformations has allowed us to establish the influence of the NHC on catalyst activity, especially as a function of substrate steric bulk. The excellent stability of one of the novel precatalysts is disclosed, and allowed for its recovery at the end of catalytic reactions. Large-scale ring-closing metathesis, enyne-metathesis and cross-metathesis experiments have revealed the recoverability of the catalyst. ICP-MS analyses of the synthesized products reveal Ru contamination levels of less than 2.5 ppm.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) [source] Tuning and parameter variation effects in MRAS based speed estimator for sensorless vector controlled induction motor drivesEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 3 2002M. Wang A frequently applied method of speed-sensorless rotor flux oriented control of induction machines relies on utilisation of model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based speed estimation, where the outputs of the reference and the adjustable model are selected as rotor flux space phasors. Accuracy of the method heavily depends on correct setting of the machine parameters and adjustment of the filter and Pl controller parameters within the estimator. The paper at first describes tuning of various parameters of the estimator, using purely experimental data. The speed estimator is operated in parallel with a commercially available rotor flux oriented induction motor drive with speed sensor and sampled stator voltages and currents are used to tune induction motor parameters, various filters and the Pl controller within the estimator. The procedure is described and illustrated using a comparison between the measured actual speed response during acceleration transients and the corresponding speed estimate obtained from the speed estimator. In the second part of the paper, speed estimation error that will take place in the base speed region due to incorrect setting and/or variation of the parameters of the machine (stator resistance, rotor resistance and magnetising inductance) within the speed estimator is assessed using experimentally recorded data. The experimental results are found to be in very good agreement with previously published theoretical results. [source] Emission Color Tuning in Ambipolar Organic Single-Crystal Field-Effect Transistors by Dye-DopingADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 10 2010Hajime Nakanotani Abstract The effect of dye-doping in ambipolar light-emitting organic field-effect transistors (LE-OFETs) is investigated from the standpoint of the carrier mobilities and the electroluminescence (EL) characteristics under ambipolar operation. Dye-doping of organic crystals permits not only tuning of the emission color but also significantly increases the efficiency of ambipolar LE-OFETs. A rather high external EL quantum efficiency (,0.64%) of one order of magnitude higher than that of a pure p -distyrylbenzene (P3V2) single crystal is obtained by tetracene doping. The doping of tetracene molecules into a host P3V2 crystal has almost no effect on the electron mobility and the dominant carrier recombination process in the tetracene-doped P3V2 crystal involves direct carrier recombination on the tetracene molecules. [source] Anode Interfacial Tuning via Electron-Blocking/Hole-Transport Layers and Indium Tin Oxide Surface Treatment in Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic CellsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2010Alexander W. Hains Abstract The effects of anode/active layer interface modification in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is investigated using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and/or a hole-transporting/electron-blocking blend of 4,4,-bis[(p -trichlorosilylpropylphenyl)-phenylamino]biphenyl (TPDSi2) and poly[9,9-dioctylfluorene- co - N -[4-(3-methylpropyl)]-diphenylamine] (TFB) as interfacial layers (IFLs). Current,voltage data in the dark and AM1.5G light show that the TPDSi2:TFB IFL yields MDMO-PPV:PCBM OPVs with substantially increased open-circuit voltage (Voc), power conversion efficiency, and thermal stability versus devices having no IFL or PEDOT:PSS. Using PEDOT:PSS and TPDSi2:TFB together in the same cell greatly reduces dark current and produces the highest Voc (0.91,V) by combining the electron-blocking effects of both layers. ITO anode pre-treatment was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to understand why oxygen plasma, UV ozone, and solvent cleaning markedly affect cell response in combination with each IFL. O2 plasma and UV ozone treatment most effectively clean the ITO surface and are found most effective in preparing the surface for PEDOT:PSS deposition; UV ozone produces optimum solar cells with the TPDSi2:TFB IFL. Solvent cleaning leaves significant residual carbon contamination on the ITO and is best followed by O2 plasma or UV ozone treatment. [source] Hybrid Nanofiber Growth: One-Pot Synthesis of Functional Helicoidal Hybrid Organic,Inorganic Nanofibers with Periodically Organized Mesoporosity (Adv. Funct.ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 18 2009Mater. Luminescent nanofibers are grown with controlled alignment of twisted nanochannels, as described by K. Valle and co-workers on page 2896. Tuning of the main synthesis parameters (sol-gel conditions, temperatures, choice of surfactants and inorganic precursors) allows the fine control of morphology, porosity-architecture, and organic chemical functionalization in order to prepare useful functional nanofibers. [source] Observation of a 2D Electron Gas and the Tuning of the Electrical Conductance of ZnO Nanowires by Controllable Surface Band-BendingADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 15 2009Youfan Hu Abstract Direct experimental evidence for the existence of a 2D electron gas in devices based on ZnO nanowires (NWs) is presented. A two-channel core/shell model is proposed for the interpretation of the temperature-dependent current,voltage (I,V) characteristics of the ZnO NW, where a mixed metallic,semiconducting behavior is observed. The experimental results are quantitatively analyzed using a weak-localization theory, and suggest that the NW is composed of a "bulk" semiconducting core with a metallic surface accumulation layer, which is basically a 2D electron gas in which the electron,phonon inelastic scattering is much weaker than the electron,electron inelastic scattering. A series of I,V measurements on a single NW device are carried out by alternating the atmosphere (vacuum, H2, vacuum, O2), and a reversible change in the conductance from metallic to semiconducting is achieved, indicating the surface accumulation layer is likely hydroxide-induced. Such results strongly support the two-channel model and demonstrate the controllable tuning of the ZnO NW electrical behavior via surface band-bending. [source] Giant Electric Field Tuning of Magnetic Properties in Multiferroic Ferrite/Ferroelectric HeterostructuresADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 11 2009Ming Liu Abstract Multiferroic heterostructures of Fe3O4/PZT (lead zirconium titanate), Fe3O4/PMN-PT (lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate) and Fe3O4/PZN-PT (lead zinc niobate-lead titanate) are prepared by spin-spray depositing Fe3O4 ferrite film on ferroelectric PZT, PMN-PT and PZN-PT substrates at a low temperature of 90,°C. Strong magnetoelectric coupling (ME) and giant microwave tunability are demonstrated by a electrostatic field induced magnetic anisotropic field change in these heterostructures. A high electrostatically tunable ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field shift up to 600,Oe, corresponding to a large microwave ME coefficient of 67,Oe cm kV,1, is observed in Fe3O4/PMN-PT heterostructures. A record-high electrostatically tunable FMR field range of 860 Oe with a linewidth of 330,380,Oe is demonstrated in Fe3O4/PZN-PT heterostructure, corresponding to a ME coefficient of 108,Oe cm kV,1. Static ME interaction is also investigated and a maximum electric field induced squareness ratio change of 40% is observed in Fe3O4/PZN-PT. In addition, a new concept that the external magnetic orientation and the electric field cooperate to determine microwave magnetic tunability is brought forth to significantly enhance the microwave tunable range up to 1000,Oe. These low temperature synthesized multiferroic heterostructures exhibiting giant electrostatically induced tunable magnetic resonance field at microwave frequencies provide great opportunities for electrostatically tunable microwave multiferroic devices. [source] Tuning and Enhancing Photoluminescence of Light-Emitting Polymer Nanotubes through Electron-Beam IrradiationADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2009Young Ki Hong A new method for the tuning and enhancing photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of light emitting poly (3-methylthiopnehe) (P3MT) nanotubes through E-beam irradiation under atmospheric environments is reported. An E-beam generated from a linear electron accelerator (1 MeV, 1.6,×,1013,8.0,×,1016 electrons cm,2) is irradiated onto P3MT nanotubes including an Al2O3 template. From laser confocal microscope (LCM) PL experiments, significant enhancements in the PL intensity,up to about 90 times of an isolated single strand of the E-beam irradiated P3MT nanotubes,are observed. The luminescent color of the P3MT nanotubes changes from green to red color depending on the variation of E-beam dosage. These results might originate from the de-doping effect and the conformational modification through E-beam irradiations. Conformational changes of the E-beam irradiated P3MT nanotubes are confirmed by LCM single Raman and ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectra. From UV/Vis absorption spectra, it is observed that the ,,,* transition peak and the doping induced bipolaron peaks of the P3MT nanotubes dramatically vary with E-beam irradiating conditions. [source] Tuning and Transcription of the Supramolecular Organization of a Fluorescent Silsesquioxane Precursor into Silica-Based Materials through Direct Photochemical Hydrolysis,Polycondensation and MicropatterningADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 3 2009Xavier Sallenave Abstract A new fluorescent silsequioxane precursor with tuned optical properties and controlled aggregation properties is designed. The two cyclohexyl moieties introduced in the molecular structure allow the formation of very good quality films. The J-aggregated structure is transcribed into the solid by photoacid-catalyzed hydrolysis,polycondensation. Aggregation of the chromophores is reduced and highly fluorescent materials are obtained. The photoacid generator lies on the surface of the homogeneous layer of the sol,gel precursor. This phase separation presents several advantages, including UV protection of the chromophore and easy removal of the PAG. The first example of chemical amplification in the photolithography of the conjugated silsesquioxane precursor is demonstrated. As hydrolysis,polycondensation could be achieved in a controlled way by UV exposure, chemically amplified photolithography is achieved by irradiating a composite film (,110,nm thick) on silicon wafer by using a copper TEM grid as shadow mask. The pattern is produced uniformly on a miscroscopic scale of 3,mm, the photopatterned pixels remaining highly fluorescent. The sizes of the photolithographed pixels correspond to the sizes of the rectangular holes of the 300,×,75 mesh grid (hole: 63,<$>,<$>m,×,204,<$>,<$>m). [source] Fabrication of a Memory Chip by a Complete Self-Assembly Process Using State-of-the-Art Multilevel Cell (MLC) Technology,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 8 2008Anirban Bandyopadhyay Abstract Using a two bit molecular switch, an ultra-dense memory chip has been built following a fully automated fabrication process. Well-ordered templates are grown naturally using a well-defined protocol of temperature variation. This template is so designed that molecules are adsorbed selectively only into particular sites whenever they are bombarded on the template through an e-beam evaporator for a particular time. The technique is a generalized protocol that has been used to grow atomic-scale templates by proper tuning of basic global parameters like temperature and evaporation time. Tuning of the basic template parameters is also demonstrated here, and has been used to scale down parameter values following the same route. Tuning the junction profile should allow selective adsorption of more complicated multi-level switches in future. Therefore, a fairly simple technology has been established that addresses one of the most fundamental issues of continuous miniaturization, i.e., simultaneous automated growth of thousands of atomically precise single molecular devices. [source] Rational Color Tuning and Luminescent Properties of Functionalized Boron-Containing 2-Pyridyl Pyrrolide Complexes,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2005H.-Y. Chen Abstract Three systematically functionalized pyrrolide ligands were prepared via the coupling of methyl vinyl ketone and the respective carbaldehyde reagents, followed by treatment of the pre-formed dicarbonyl compounds with (NH4)2CO3 in order to generate the required pyrrole fragment. These ligands readily reacted with the boron reagent BPh3 to afford the complexes [(pyro)BPh2] (2a), [(noro)BPh2] (2b), and [(xaro)BPh2] (2c), where (pyro)H, (noro)H, and (xaro)H represents the 2-pyridyl, 2-quinolinyl, and 2-quinoxalinyl pyrrole groups, respectively. Complexes 2a,2c give stable solutions in air, and show strong photoluminescence with emission peak maxima located at 490,nm, 510,nm, and 575,nm, respectively. Calculations based upon time-dependent density function theory (TDDFT) show that the S1 state in these complexes is attributed to an allowed (,-symmetry),,,,* (,-symmetry) transition located at the chelating pyrrolide moieties. Electroluminescence (EL) devices based on 2c were fabricated. The EL emission from 2c as the host-emitter, with the emission peak maximum shifted to 580,nm, was observed when BCP was used as the hole blocking material. This device produces saturated red-orange light-emission at an onset voltage of 8,V and a maximum brightness of 5000,cd,m,2 at a driving voltage of 15,V; the external quantum yield is estimated to be 0.5,%. [source] Polythiophene-Fullerene Based Photodetectors: Tuning of Spectral Response and Application in Photoluminescence Based (Bio)Chemical SensorsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 37 2010Kanwar S. Nalwa A photoluminescence (PL)-based oxygen and glucose sensor utilizing inorganic or organic light emitting diode as the light source, and polythiophene:fullerene type bulk-heterojunction devices as photodetectors, for both intensity and decay-time based monitoring of the sensing element's PL. The sensing element is based on the oxygen-sensitive dye Pt-octaethylporphyrin embedded in a polystyrene matrix. [source] Dynamic Tuning of Plasmon,Exciton Coupling in Arrays of Nanodisk,J-aggregate ComplexesADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 32 2010Yue Bing Zheng Dynamic tuning of plasmon,exciton resonant coupling in arrays of nanodisk,J-aggregate complexes is demonstrated. The angle-resolved spectra of an array of bare gold nanodisks exhibit continuous shifting of localized surface plasmon resonance. This characteristic enables the production of real-time, controllable spectral overlap between molecular resonance and plasmonic resonance. The resonant interaction strength as a function of spectral overlap is explored and the coupling strength changes with the incident angle of a probe light, in accord with simulations based on coupled dipole approximation method. [source] Efficient Visible-Light Emission from Dye-Doped Mesostructured OrganosilicaADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 47 2009Norihiro Mizoshita Efficient and color-tunable visible-light emission is achieved in fluorescent dye-doped oligo(phenylenevinylene),silica mesostructured films through fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a blue-light-emitting organosilica to a yellow-light-emitting dye (see figure). Tuning of the composition realizes pseudo white-light emission with a quantum yield of 67%. Utilization of both walls and pores of the mesostructured organosilicas is effective to construct highly functional systems. [source] Giant Electric Field Tuning of Magnetism in Novel Multiferroic FeGaB/Lead Zinc Niobate,Lead Titanate (PZN-PT) HeterostructuresADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 46 2009Jing Lou A novel multiferroic heterostructure consisting of a FeGaB thin film and a PZN-PT single crystal slab shows giant tunability of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency of the heterostructure by electric field (see figure). The overall electric-field-induced FMR frequency change of 5.82 GHz is the largest reported so far. FeGaB/PZN-PT multiferroic heterostructures are promising candidates for wide-band electrostatically tunable microwave devices. [source] Dual Tuning of the Photonic Band-Gap Structure in Soft Photonic CrystalsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 18 2009Masaki Honda A dually tunable photonic crystal composed of thermosensitive gel particles confined in a pH-sensitive inverse-opal gel is reported. The position of the photonic band-gap can be thermally regulated, while its intensity is dramatically changed by pH. Reversible, independent, and extensive switching of the position and intensity of the photonic band-gap could be achieved using independent external stimuli. [source] Rough and Fine Tuning of Metal Work Function via Chemisorbed Self-Assembled MonolayersADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 10-11 2009Maria L. Sushko The sign of the monolayer-induced metal work function change is mainly determined by the relative polarizabilities of the head- and tail-groups of the molecules, while its magnitude can be finely tuned by adjusting the strength of depolarization in the SAM, which depends on the choice of length of the nonpolarizable spacer between the polar groups. [source] Template-Free Tuning of Nanopores in Carbonaceous Polymers through Ionothermal SynthesisADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 8 2009Pierre Kuhn Template-free tuning of nanopores in highly porous carbonaceous polymers can be achieved through polymerization of dicyanobiphenyl at high temperatures in a ZnCl2 melt. [source] Continuous Tuning of Organic Transistor Operation from Enhancement to Depletion ModeADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 3 2009Piero Cosseddu An organic field-effect transistor able to switch from depletion (normally on) to enhancement (normally off) mode was obtained thanks to the composition of the mixed semiconductor that forms the device channel. The threshold voltage of the device can be predictably tuned from positive to negative values by adjusting the composition of a mixture of sexithiophene derivatives that are able to achieve a perfect intercalation inside the thin film. [source] Emission Colour Tuning in Semiconducting Polymer Nanotubes by Energy Transfer to Organo- Lanthanide Dopants,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 18 2007S. Moynihan Tuning of emission chromaticity in poly(N -vinylcarbazole) nanotubes by efficient energy transfer to luminescent Eu(dbm)3(Phen) organo-lanthanide chelate dopants is demonstrated. Nanotubes are synthesized by solution assisted template wetting. Under optical excitation, undoped tubes luminesce in the blue while doped tubes exhibit red europium ion emission with good color purity at the single nanotube level. [source] Tuning of electron transport through molecular bridge systems: A study of shot noiseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2008Santanu K. Maiti Abstract We study electron transport characteristics through a single phenalenyl molecule attached with two nonsuperconducting electrodes by the use of Green's function technique. Parametric calculations are given based on the tight-binding model to characterize the electron transport through such molecular bridge system. It is observed that the electron transport properties are significantly influenced by (a) the interference effect and (b) the molecule-to-electrodes coupling strength. In this context we also describe the noise power of the current fluctuations that provides an important information about the electron correlation, which is obtained by calculating the Fano factor (F). The knowledge of this current fluctuations gives a key idea for fabrication of efficient molecular devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008 [source] Polymer-Supported Highly Enantioselective Catalyst for Nitro-Michael Addition: Tuning through Variation of the Number of H-Bond Donors and Spacer LengthADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 4 2009Lital Tuchman-Shukron Abstract Two series of polymer-bound bifunctional organocatalysts, based on chiral diamine scaffolds, were prepared by solid-phase synthesis. The series, incorporating a single hydrogen bond donor carbamate functionality, was notably more enantioselective in the Michael reaction of acetone and nitrostyrene than the series that includes a double hydrogen bond donor urea moiety, or the polymer-bound diamine that lacks sufficiently acidic protons. The best aminocarbamate catalyst promoted the addition of acetone to nitroolefins with enantioselectivity unmatched by known heterogeneous catalysts. Introduction of a short linear spacer between the support and the scaffold improves the activity but reduces the selectivity of the catalyst. Alternatively, an increase in the reaction yield could be induced by the benzoic acid additive. [source] Tuning and control of dimensional consistency in molded productsADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2004David Kazmer Abstract Design and manufacturing of molded products are subject to uncontrolled variation (noise) and unknown performance behavior and/or requirements (uncertainty). The validity of current Six Sigma approaches for tolerancing and process optimization for multiple part dimensions is explored. Response surfaces for part weight and two part dimensions are developed as a function of multiple process variables for a rectangular part molded of isotactic polypropylene, i-PP. The process capabilities with respect to dimensional consistency and part weight are assessed using standard practices and Monte Carlo analysis. With respect to tuning of manufacturing processes, multicriteria optimization is necessary to ensure the selection of process set-points resulting in an acceptable likelihood of satisfying multiple dimensional specifications. The Extensive Simplex Method is shown to provide reasonable decision support for process optimization based on a linear process model derived from a main effects design of experiments. With respect to on-line quality control of dimensional consistency, part weight was validated as a good estimator of part dimensions, though requiring validation on an application by application basis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 23: 163,175, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20007 [source] Photoluminescent Color and Polarized Light Emission Tuning of Fluorene Derivatives Using a Photoreactive H-Bonded Liquid Crystalline PolymerMACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 16 2010Nobuhiro Kawatsuki Abstract Three fluorene (FL) derivatives with pyridine end groups were synthesized to control the photoluminescence (PL) wavelength and polarized light emission using a photoreactive H-bonded polymer containing cinnamic acid side groups (P6CAM). The FL derivatives, which possessed pyridine end groups, formed H-bonds with cinnamic acid, and changed the PL behavior of the derivatives. The controllability ,max of the PL depended on the position of the N-atom at the pyridine end group and the degree of the photoreaction of the P6CAM. For F1, ,max of the PL was tuned from 470 to 518,nm. Employing P6CAM as the photoalignment layer to reorient the cinnamic acid side groups realized polarized PL up to PL||/PL,,=,3.9. Furthermore, photopatterning of the PL color and the direction of the polarized light emission using patterned P6CAM films were demonstrated. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||