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Tube Mass Spectrometry (tube + mass_spectrometry)
Kinds of Tube Mass Spectrometry Selected AbstractsSelected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for on-line trace gas analysisMASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS, Issue 5 2005David Smith Abstract Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a new analytical technique for the real-time quantification of several trace gases simultaneously in air and breath. It relies on chemical ionization of the trace gas molecules in air/breath samples introduced into helium carrier gas using H3O+, NO+, and O precursor ions. Reactions between the precursor ions and trace gas molecules proceed for an accurately defined time, the precursor and product ions being detected and counted by a downstream mass spectrometer, thus effecting quantification. Absolute concentrations of trace gases in single breath exhalation can be determined by SIFT-MS down to ppb levels, obviating sample collection and calibration. Illustrative examples of SIFT-MS studies include (i) analysis of gases from combustion engines, animals and their waste, and food; (ii) breath and urinary headspace studies of metabolites, ethanol metabolism, elevated acetone during ovulation, and exogenous compounds; and (iii) urinary infection and the presence of tumors, the influence of dialysis on breath ammonia, acetone, and isoprene, and acetaldehyde released by cancer cells in vitro. Flowing afterglow mass spectrometry (FA-MS) is briefly described, which allows on-line quantification of deuterium in breath water vapor. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 24:661,700, 2005 [source] Monitoring chloramines and bromamines in a humid environment using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 12 2010Wan-Ping Hu The selectivity and sensitivity of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for individual breath analysis of haloamines has been improved by heating the flow tube in a commercial instrument to around 106°C. Data is presented showing the marked reduction in the number density of water clusters of product ions of common breath metabolites that are isobaric with the product ions from monochloramine and monobromamine that are used to monitor the haloamine concentrations. These results have direct relevance to the real-time monitoring of chloramines in drinking water, swimming pools and food processing plants. However, once the isobaric overlaps from water cluster ions are reduced at the higher temperatures, there is no conclusive evidence showing the presence of haloamines on single breath exhalations in the mid parts per trillion range from examination of the breaths of volunteers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The quantification of carbon dioxide in humid air and exhaled breath by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 10 2009David Smith The reactions of carbon dioxide, CO2, with the precursor ions used for selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, analyses, viz. H3O+, NO+ and O, are so slow that the presence of CO2 in exhaled breath has, until recently, not had to be accounted for in SIFT-MS analyses of breath. This has, however, to be accounted for in the analysis of acetaldehyde in breath, because an overlap occurs of the monohydrate of protonated acetaldehyde and the weakly bound adduct ion, H3O+CO2, formed by the slow association reaction of the precursor ion H3O+ with CO2 molecules. The understanding of the kinetics of formation and the loss rates of the relevant ions gained from experimentation using the new generation of more sensitive SIFT-MS instruments now allows accurate quantification of CO2 in breath using the level of the H3O+CO2 adduct ion. However, this is complicated by the rapid reaction of H3O+CO2 with water vapour molecules, H2O, that are in abundance in exhaled breath. Thus, a study has been carried out of the formation of this adduct ion by the slow three-body association reaction of H3O+ with CO2 and its rapid loss in the two-body reaction with H2O molecules. It is seen that the signal level of the H3O+CO2 adduct ion is sensitively dependent on the humidity (H2O concentration) of the sample to be analysed and a functional form of this dependence has been obtained. This has resulted in an appropriate extension of the SIFT-MS software and kinetics library that allows accurate measurement of CO2 levels in air samples, ranging from very low percentage levels (0.03% typical of tropospheric air) to the 6% level that is about the upper limit in exhaled breath. Thus, the level of CO2 can be traced through single time exhalation cycles along with that of water vapour, also close to the 6% level, and of trace gas metabolites that are present at only a few parts-per-billion. This has added a further dimension to the analysis of major and trace compounds in breath using SIFT-MS. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Interference of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-containing inhalers with measurements of volatile compounds using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 3 2009Michael J. Epton Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a sensitive technique capable of measuring volatile compounds (VCs) in complex gas mixtures in real time; it is now being applied to breath analysis. We investigated the effect of inhalers containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the detection and measurement of haloamines in human breath. SIFT-MS mass scans (MS) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) scans were performed on three healthy non-smoking volunteers before and after inhalation of the following medications: CombiventÔ metered-dose inhaler (MDI) (CFC-containing); VentolinÔ MDI (CFC-free); AtroventÔ MDI (CFC-free), BeclazoneÔ MDI (CFC-containing); DuolinÔ nebuliser. In addition, the duration of the persistence of the mass/charge ratios was measured for 20,h. Inhalers containing CFCs generated large peaks at m/z 85, 87, 101, 103 and 105 in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the predicted product ions of CFCs 12, 114 and 11. No such peaks were seen with DuolinÔ via nebuliser, or CFC-free MDIs. We conclude that measurement of VCs, such as haloamines, with product ions of similar m/z values to the ions found for CFCs would be significantly affected by the presence of CFCs in inhalers. This issue needs to be accounted for prior to the measurement of VCs in breath in people using inhalers containing CFCs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] An exploratory comparative study of volatile compounds in exhaled breath and emitted by skin using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 4 2008Claire Turner Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) has been used to carry out a pilot parallel study on five volunteers to determine changes occurring in several trace compounds present in exhaled breath and emitted from skin into a collection bag surrounding part of the arm, before and after ingesting 75,g of glucose in the fasting state. SIFT-MS enabled real-time quantification of ammonia, methanol, ethanol, propanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, isoprene and acetone. Following glucose ingestion, blood glucose and trace compound levels were measured every 30,min for 2,h. All the above compounds, except formaldehyde, were detected at the expected levels in exhaled breath of all volunteers; all the above compounds, except isoprene, were detected in the collection bag. Ammonia, methanol and ethanol were present at lower levels in the bag than in the breath. The aldehydes were present at higher levels in the bag than in breath. The blood glucose increased to a peak about 1,h post-ingestion, but this change was not obviously correlated with temporal changes in any of the compounds in breath or emitted by skin, except for acetone. The decrease in breath acetone was closely mirrored by skin-emitted acetone in three volunteers. Breath and skin acetone also clearly change with blood glucose and further work may ultimately enable inferences to be drawn of the blood glucose concentration from skin or breath measurements in type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Analysis of ketones by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 23 2003David Smith A selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) study of the reactions of H3O+, NO+ and O2+. ions with the ketones (M) 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone and 2-aminoacetophenone has been conducted in preparation for studies of volatile emissions from bacteria. The H3O+ reactions all proceed rapidly via exothermic proton transfer, producing only MH+ ions that form their monohydrates when water vapour is present in the helium carrier gas. The O2+. reactions proceed rapidly via dissociative charge transfer producing parent cations M+. and some fragment ions. The NO+ reactions form the NO+M adduct ions at rates which are dependent on the pressure of the helium carrier gas. Combining the present NO+ kinetic data with those available from previous SIFT studies, the phenomenon of charge transfer complexing is clearly demonstrated. This results in adduct formation in these NO+/ketone reactions at or near the collisional rate. SIFT-MS spectra are presented to illustrate the simplicity of SIFT-MS analysis of ketones using both H3O+ and NO+ precursor ions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Quantification of acetaldehyde released by lung cancer cells in vitro using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 8 2003David Smith The production of volatile compounds from cancer cell lines in vitro has been investigated using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). This technique enables on-line quantitative analyses of the headspace above cell/medium cultures. This paper reports the discovery that acetaldehyde is released by the lung cancer cell lines SK-MES and CALU-1. The concentration of acetaldehyde in the headspace of the medium/cell culture was measured after 16,h incubation at 37°C and found to be proportional to the number of cancer cells in the medium (typically 108). From these data, the acetaldehyde production rates of the SK-MES cells and the CALU-1 cells in vitro are determined to be 1,×,106 and 1.5,3,×,106 molecules/cell/min, respectively. The potential value of this new technique in cell biology and in industrial cell biotechnology is discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] In situ analysis of solvents on breath and blood: a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometric studyRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 5 2002Paul F. Wilson We report measurements of residual vapour levels of xylenes and trimethylbenzenes, present following a floor re-surfacing procedure, using the technique of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). A subject exposed to controlled amounts of xylene and mesitylene was monitored by direct breath exhalation over a 4-hour period after exposure to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) had stopped. The headspace gases above 5-mL blood samples taken over this period were also monitored. The decays of the solvent levels with time were fitted to a two-compartment model with residence times for xylene and mesitylene of 0.37,h and 0.38,h, respectively (compartment one) and 2.5,h and 2.8,h, respectively (compartment two). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||