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Treatment Application (treatment + application)
Selected AbstractsActivity of trans -2-hexenal against Penicillium expansum in ,Conference' pearsJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2006F. Neri Abstract Aims:, To investigate the effects of trans -2-hexenal on blue mould disease, patulin content and fruit quality in ,Conference' pears. Methods and Results:, Fruits, wounded and inoculated with Penicillium expansum or non-inoculated, were exposed to trans -2-hexenal vapour treatment (12·5 ,l l,1) at 20°C. A greater reduction of decay was obtained by treatment application 24 or 48 h after inoculation, in contrast trans -2-hexenal application 2 h after inoculation was ineffective. Fruit storage temperature (,1°C) after treatment did not affect the antifungal activity. Although 2-h exposure to trans -2-hexenal was effective in reducing blue mould, an exposure of at least 8 h was required to reduce fruit patulin content. Treatments did not affect fruit physical,chemical characteristics. After 6 days at 20°C following exposure, trans -2-hexenal residue in treated fruits was less than the natural content of the compound in unripe fruits. Conclusions:,trans -2-Hexenal treatment is effective in the reduction of blue mould infections and patulin content in Conference pears when applied 24,48 h after pathogen inoculation. Significance and Impact of the Study:,trans -2-Hexenal could be a natural alternative to fungicides in the control of P. expansum infections. Further work is needed to study the methods and conditions avoiding the persistence of off-odours and off-flavours in pears after their exposure to trans -2-hexenal vapours. [source] Use of the 1-mm micro-probe for metabolic analysis on small volume biological samplesJOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Issue 8b 2009Natalie J. Serkova Abstract Endogenous metabolites are promising diagnostic end-points in cancer research. Clinical application of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy is often limited by extremely low volumes of human specimens. In the present study, the use of the Bruker 1-mm high-resolution TXI micro-probe was evaluated in the elucidation of metabolic profiles for three different clinical applications with limited sample sizes (body fluids, isolated cells and tissue biopsies). Sample preparation and 1H-NMR metabolite quantification protocols were optimized for following oncology-oriented applications: (i) to validate the absolute concentrations of citrate and spermine in human expressed prostatic specimens (EPS volumes 5 to 10 ,l: prostate cancer application); (ii) to establish the metabolic profile of isolated human lymphocytes (total cell count 4 = 106: chronic myelogenous leukaemia application); (iii) to assess the metabolic composition of human head-and-neck cancers from mouse xenografts (biopsy weights 20 to 70 mg: anti-cancer treatment application). In this study, the use of the Bruker 1-mm micro-probe provides a convenient way to measure and quantify endogenous metabolic profiles of samples with a very low volume/weight/cell count. [source] Effects of experimental acidification and alkalinization on soil and growth and health of Acer saccharum Marsh.JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2008Rock Ouimet Abstract Experimental application of eight acidifying, neutral, or alkalizer compounds (range: ,16 to 16 kmol ha,1 of acid-neutralizing capacity [ANC]) was realized in two northern hardwood stands having significantly different soil base saturation (BS) (a "poor" and a "rich" site) to assess responses of soil physico-chemical properties, and nutrition, growth, and health of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees in the short (3 y) and longer term (10 y). The treatments influenced the main indicators of acidity in the forest floor (soil exchangeable-Ca saturation [SCa], BS, exchangeable-acidity saturation [SH+Al], and the SCa/SH+Al ratio) at both sites, their values increasing (decreasing for SH+Al) along the ANC treatment gradient in both the short and longer term, except for pH. Base saturation of the upper 15,cm of the mineral B horizons of soils was influenced at the two sites 10 y after treatment application. Although ANC treatments affected nutrient concentrations of tree foliage in the short term, their effect was no longer detectable after 10 y at the two sites. Growth, however, was strongly related to ANC treatments after 10 y, but only at the poor site. From 1990 to 2000, the basal-area growth rate of trees at the poor site was (mean ± SE) ,0.62 ± 0.28,cm2 y,2 tree,1 for the most negative ANC treatment to +0.90 ± 0.20,cm2 y,2 tree,1 for the most positive ANC treatment. A climatic-stress episode occurring in 1995/96 appeared to accentuate the growth decline of trees subjected to the most negative ANC treatment at the poor site. The experimental results support the hypothesis that atmospheric acid deposition load can cause forest soil base-cation depletion, acidification, and predispose sugar maple to health and growth decline in the longer term in base-cation-poor soils, and that the phenomenon may be reversible by adding alkalizers. [source] Efficacy and safety of a new single-dose terbinafine 1% formulation in patients with tinea pedis (athlete's foot): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 10 2006JP Ortonne Abstract Background, Tinea pedis is a common dermatophyte infection with frequent recurrences. Terbinafine (presently used as a 1-week topical treatment of tinea pedis) is now available in a novel topical solution (film-forming solution , FFS), developed to allow single application. Objectives, To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of terbinafine 1% FFS in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial, and to determine relapse or re-infection rate of tinea pedis at 12 weeks. Patients/methods, Fifty-four centres (27 in France; 27 in Germany) enrolled 273 evaluable patients (2 : 1 randomization). Patients applied terbinafine 1% FFS or placebo only once between, under and over the toes, soles and sides of both feet. Efficacy assessments included direct microscopy, mycological culture, and clinical signs and symptoms at baseline, and at weeks 1, 6 and 12 after the single drug application. Results, Effective treatment (negative mycology plus absent/minimal symptoms) at week 6 in the terbinafine 1% FFS group was 63%; vehicle was 17% (P 0.0001). Mycological cure was 72% in the terbinafine group and 21% in the placebo (P 0.0001) at week 6. Clinical signs/symptoms decreased significantly in the active group compared to the placebo. The self-assessment of itching and burning sensation by the patient showed a clear reduction in symptoms starting 15 min after treatment application (this could be attributed to the cooling effect of the FFS). Recurrence (positive culture at 3 months) occurred in 12.5% of the effectively treated patients at week 6 in the terbinafine group. FFS was well tolerated. Conclusion, Terbinafine 1% FFS, single dose application is an effective, safe and convenient treatment for tinea pedis. The relapse/re-infection rate 3 months after the end of single-dose therapy is similar to that previously demonstrated in a study using terbinafine 1% cream for 7 days. [source] Vegetation Control Treatments to Favor Naturally Regenerated Betula alleghaniensis Saplings Following Seed-Tree Cut: Sapling Monitoring Two Years after TreatmentRESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Daniel Bouffard Abstract Control of competing vegetation is recommended to ensure successful Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) regeneration within juvenile stands that do not sustain high enough sapling densities of this species. Four contrasting vegetation control treatments were tested to determine their effect on the growth and vigor of eight-year-old B. alleghaniensis saplings regenerating after final cutting of a shelterwood seed cut. Vegetation control treatments were TC (total circular removal), PC (circular removal of codominant competing vegetation), TS (total semicircular removal on 180° section), and NC (no vegetation control). Two years after treatment application, diameter growth significantly improved in response to vegetation control treatments, whereas sapling height growth did not. This pattern of biomass allocation was directly related to sapling etiolation, which increased with decreasing severity of vegetation removal. As a result, application of vegetation control, especially TC and PC treatments, was valuable in reducing signs of stress in saplings. However, increasing the severity of vegetation removal also made saplings more conspicuous to herbivores, which increased browsing, especially in the TC and PC treatments. Browsing was sufficient in some plots of the TC and PC treatments to overcome the vigor and diameter growth enhancements observed when browsing was negligible. In contrast to the TC and PC treatments, the TS treatment kept browsing very low while largely removing competition. The results suggest that B. alleghaniensis saplings established after final cutting of a shelterwood seed cut do take advantage of vegetation control treatments, but the decision to apply these treatments must include consideration of local herbivore population densities. [source] Botulinum toxin in dermatology , beyond wrinkles and sweatJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Uwe Wollina Summary Botulinum toxin (BTX) types A and B have been used with success in cosmetic dermatology and hyperhidrosis treatment. The present review focuses on other uses of BTX in dermatology. Discussed in particular are the available data on BTX in inflammatory diseases, proctology, and some other indications. From studies in various types of eczema, it seems that BTX-A not only acts as a potent inhibitor of acetylcholine but also as an inhibitor of substance P and of glutamate as well. By those mechanisms, BTX-A may be antipruritic, which may help explain the benefits of BTX-A in lichen simplex and dyshidrotic hand eczema. In Hailey,Hailey disease, facial eccrine hidrocystomas, salivary fistulas, and intrinsic rhinitis, BTX-A blocks the secretion of sweat/saliva/mucus. BTX-A has important applications in proctology where it has become the most powerful nonsurgical therapy for anal fissures. In proctalgia fugax and after hemorrhoidectomy, BTX-A is analgesic. Current treatment applications of BTX-A and its limitations are reviewed in this paper. [source] Successful treatment of recurrent vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia resistant to interferon and isotretinoin with cidofovirJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 2 2001Suphannee Koonsaeng Abstract Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias are difficult to eradicate completely without extensive surgical intervention. Cidofovir, a deoxycytidine monophosphate analog, may have a therapeutic role in this disease. A 43-year-old woman with a 20-year history of genital warts presented with extensive vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III, and refused surgical resection. Topical cidofovir 1% in Beeler base completely eradicated the lesion. Successive treatment applications, however, were necessary. Cidofovir is a promising topical antiviral compound for HPV induced vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. J. Med. Virol. 64:195,198, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Advancing Alcohol Biomarkers ResearchALCOHOLISM, Issue 6 2010Cynthia F. Bearer Biomarkers to detect past alcohol use and identify alcohol-related diseases have long been pursued as important tools for research into alcohol use disorders as well as for clinical and treatment applications and other settings. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) sponsored a workshop titled "Workshop on Biomarkers for Alcohol-Induced Disorders" in June 2008. The intent of this workshop was to review and discuss recent progress in the development and implementation of biomarkers for alcohol use and alcohol-related disorders with a goal to formulate a set of recommendations to use to stimulate and advance research progress in this critical area of alcoholism research. Presentations at this workshop reviewed the current status of alcohol biomarkers, providing a summary of the history of biomarkers and the major goals of alcohol biomarker research. Moreover, presentations provided a comprehensive overview of the current status of several well-recognized biomarkers of alcohol use, a summary of recent studies to characterize novel biomarkers and their validation, along with perspectives and experiences from other NIH institutes and from other federal agencies and industry, related to regulatory issues. Following these presentations, a panel discussion focused on a set of issues presented by the organizers of this workshop. These discussion points addressed: (i) issues related to strategies to be adopted to stimulate biomarker discovery and application, (ii) the relevance of animal studies in biomarker development and the status of biomarkers in basic science studies, and (iii) issues related to the opportunities for clinical and commercial applications. This article summarizes these perspectives and highlights topics that constituted the basis for recommendations to enhance alcohol biomarker research. [source] | |||||||||||||