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Total Antioxidant Status (total + antioxidant_status)
Selected AbstractsOxidative stress parameters after combined fluoxetine and acetylsalicylic acid therapy in depressive patientsHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 4 2009Piotr Ga, ecki Abstract Objective There are numerous reports indicating disturbed equilibrium between oxidative processes and antioxidative defense in patients with depression. Moreover, depressive patients are characterized by the presence of elements of an inflammatory process, which is one of the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In view of the above, it was decided to study both the effect of fluoxetine monotherapy and that of fluoxetine co-administered with acetylsalicylic acid on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense in patients with the first depressive episode in their life. Method Seventy seven patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), divided into two groups were included in the study. The first group, consisting of 52 patients, received fluoxetine 20 mg, and the second one, in addition to fluoxetine 20 mg, received 150 mg of acetylsalicylic acid. The activity of antioxidative enzymes, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPSH-x) and the concentration of malonyldialdehyde (MDA) was determined in erythrocytes, whereas the total antioxidant status (TAS) was determined in the plasma. All parameters were measured before and after three month therapy. Results The obtained results indicate a significant decrease in the activity of SOD1, CAT and GSHP-x, as well as in MDA concentration after the combined therapy. Also a significant TAS increase was observed after the combined therapy. The study demonstrated that combined therapy with fluoxetine and ASA is characterized by the same efficacy and clinical safety as fluoxetine monotherapy, resulting additionally in improvement of oxidative stress parameters in the patients treated for depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The effect of oral folic acid upon plasma homocysteine, endothelial function and oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuriaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 4 2008F. Wotherspoon Summary Aims:, The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral folic acid supplementation upon plasma homocysteine (HCY), endothelial function and oxidative stress on patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria to test the hypothesis that oral folic acid would lower plasma HCY and thereby improve endothelial function and reduce oxidant stress in this high-risk group of patients. Methods:, We measured plasma HCY, forearm blood flow, total antioxidant status and whole blood glutathione at baseline and after 2 months treatment with oral folic acid or placebo in 16 patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria. Results:, Plasma HCY fell by 25% in the folic acid group but there was no difference in endothelial function or markers of oxidant stress in the treatment group. Conclusions:, Oral folic acid supplementation successfully lowered plasma HCY levels in patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria, however this was not associated with improvements in endothelial function or markers of oxidant stress. [source] The comparison of in vivo antigenotoxic and antioxidative capacity of two propylene glycol extracts of Calendula officinalis (marigold) and vitamin E in young growing pigsJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 6 2009T. Franki Summary The objective of the study was to evaluate the protective effect of Calendula officinalis propylene glycol extracts against oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake in young growing pigs. Forty young growing pigs were assigned to five treatment groups: control; oil (linseed oil supplementation); C. officinalis 1 and 2 groups (linseed oil plus 3 ml/day of C. officinalis propylene glycol extracts); and vitamin E group (linseed oil plus 100 mg/kg of vitamin E). Lymphocyte DNA fragmentation and 24-h urinary 8-hydroxy-2,-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) excretion were measured to determine DNA damage. Lipid peroxidation was studied by analysing plasma and urine malondialdehyde (MDA), and urine isoprostane concentrations (iPF2,-VI), total antioxidant status of plasma and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) assays. C. officinalis 1 (extract from petals) effectively protected DNA from oxidative damage. It indicated a numerical trend towards the reduction of plasma MDA and urinary iPF2,-VI excretion. Its effect was comparable with that of vitamin E. C. officinalis 2 (extract from flower tops) showed less antioxidant potential than the extract from petals. We can conclude that the amount of C. officinalis extracts proposed for internal use by traditional medicine protects the organism against DNA damage induced by high PUFA intake. [source] Effect of garlic consumption on total antioxidant status and some biochemical and haematological parameters in blood of ratsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 8 2009Alireza Zamani Abstract BACKGROUND: The effect of diet garlic supplementation on total antioxidant status (TAS), nitric oxide (NO) and routine biochemical and haematological parameters was investigated in blood of rats. A total of 30 male rats were divided equally into two groups. Each of 15 rats of treatment group was fed 600 mg kg,1 garlic solution in distilled water by gavage and controls only received distilled water. After garlic consumption for 1 month, blood serum total antioxidant, nitrate and some biochemical and haematological tests including serum lipids parameters, blood sugar, complete blood count (CBC), and haemoglobin were measured. RESULTS: The garlic treatment group showed significantly increase in the mean level of TAS from 0.77 ± 0.10 mol L,1 to 1.18 ± 0.11 mol L,1 (P < 0.01) and nitrate (a NO metabolite) from 0.78 ± 0.06 µmol L,1 to 1.44 ± 0.27 µmol L,1 (P < 0.05) in the blood sera of rats compared with the controls. There were no significant differences between the routine biochemical and haematological parameters. CONCLUSION: Garlic consumption should have antioxidant properties and may not affect the lipids profile and total blood cell counts. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry [source] DNA damage in children with asthma bronchiale and its association with oxidative and antioxidative measurementsPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Dost Zeyrek Increased production of reactive oxygen species leading to an imbalance between the oxidative forces and the antioxidant defense systems favoring an oxidative injury has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of the study was to investigate the peripheral DNA damage, and its association with oxidative and antioxidative measurements in children with asthma bronchiale. The study population contained 42 children with asthma bronchiale and 32 healthy controls. DNA damage was assessed by alkaline comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes. Plasma levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), total peroxide concentration (LOOHs), and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined. In asthma bronchiale patients, DNA damage was significantly higher than in controls (17.9 ± 11.8 AU vs. 1.2 ± 2.0 AU, p < 0.001). Plasma TOS and LOOHs were higher in patients than in healthy controls (13.4 ± 7.0 vs. 9.0 ± 3.5, p = 0.002; 9.9 ± 3.4 vs. 4.4 ± 1.5, p < 0.001, respectively). Plasma TAS level in patients was higher than in healthy controls (5.5 ± 2.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.6, p < 0.001). DNA damage was correlated with TOS (r = 0,616, p < 0.001). The findings indicated that lymphocyte DNA damage level increases in children with asthma bronchiale. Elevated DNA damage may be related to increased oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of this association, and whether it is direct or indirect, remains to be explored. [source] Effects of Nigella orientalis and N. segetalis fixed oils on blood biochemistry in ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006G. Kökdil Abstract Nigella orientalis and N. segetalis fixed oils were administered orally (1 mL/kg/day) to Wistar Kyoto rats for 4 weeks. The effects of the oils on biochemical parameters were compared with a control group that received distilled water under identical conditions. LDL-cholesterol level was decreased significantly in both oil groups while serum total cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were decreased significantly following administration of only N. orientalis fixed oil when compared with the control group. The HDL-cholesterol levels were increased significantly in both oil groups. N. orientalis fixed oil significantly reduced Aspartateaminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and urea levels in rats. There was an increase in the albumin, uric acid and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) concentrations, while the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and RDW (red cell distribution width) levels decreased significantly. In N. segetalis fixed oil treated rats, the levels of ALP, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), MCHC, RDW were decreased significantly, whereas a significant increase was found in albumin, fibrinogen, Hematocrit (HCT) and MCV levels. The effects of 4 weeks oral intake of N. orientalis and N. segetalis fixed oils on blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TOS) were also investigated in rats. The study showed that the oils had no significant effect on MDA production. N. orientalis and N. segetalis fixed oils caused a significant increase in the total antioxidant status in rats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The antioxidant capacity response to hypoxia stress during transportation of characins (Hyphessobrycon callistus Boulenger) fed diets supplemented with carotenoidsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 7 2010Chih-Hung Pan Abstract This study aimed to determine whether dietary carotenoid (CD) supplements could affect the antioxidant capacity of characins Hyphessobrycon callistus upon hypoxia stress at live transportation. Two types of CD [astaxanthin (AX), ,-carotene (BC)] and their 1:1 combination (MX) at three concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg kg,1) were supplemented, resulting in nine CD diets. After 8 weeks' rearing, the resulting fish were divided into two subgroups and exposed to hypoxia or normoxia. Hypoxia involved a gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) from 6.5 to <1.0 mg L,1. Normoxia was DO kept in saturation. Hypoxia led to an increase in the total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of blood serum in fish, but had no effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Under hypoxia, fish fed CD diets had lower SOD, GPx and ALT activity than control fish, showing that dietary CD could increase the antioxidant capacity and protection of the liver. Dietary AX was more effective for antioxidant capacity than BC and MX when under hypoxia stress, because GPx, ALT and AST were lower in AX-fed fish. Except TAS, the other four enzyme activities showed decreasing trends with increasing dietary CD concentrations. [source] Cyclosporine A-Induced Changes to Erythrocyte Redox Balance is Time Course-DependentBASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Louise A. Lexis These experiments investigated the time-course of cyclosporine A-induced changes to redox balance in plasma and erythrocytes. Rats were randomly assigned to either a control or cyclosporine A-treated group. Treatment animals received 25 mg/kg of cyclosporine A via intraperitoneal injection for either 7 days or a single dose. Control rats were injected with the same volume of the vehicle. Three hours after the final injections, plasma was analysed for total antioxidant status, ,-tocopherol, malondialdehyde, and creatinine. Erythrocytes were analysed for reduced glutathione (GSH), ,-tocopherol, methaemoglobin, malondialdehyde, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Cyclosporine A administration for 7 days resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in plasma malondialdehyde, methaemoglobin, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in erythrocyte GSH concentration and G6PD activity in cyclosporine A animals. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between groups following a single dose of cyclosporine A in any of the measures. In summary, cyclosporine A alters erythrocyte redox balance after 7 days administration, but not after a single dose. [source] Improvement of age-related endothelial dysfunction by simvastatin: effect on NO and COX pathwaysBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 8 2005Maria Álvarez De Sotomayor The effects of oral administration of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin (SV), on age-related endothelial dysfunction were investigated in the aorta of male Wistar rats. Adult (12,14 weeks) and old (60,80 weeks) rats were treated daily for 12 weeks with either vehicle or SV (1 mg kg,1). In old rats, SV treatment did not significantly affect systolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol, but it reduced plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and oxidised LDL though it did not affect total antioxidant status. SV improved endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine and A-23187 in vessels from aged, but not adult, rats. This effect was linked to a greater NO vasodilatation via an increased expression of endothelial NO-synthase. A mechanism sensitive to superoxide dismutase and catalase also accounts for enhanced endothelial vasodilatation. Finally, SV did not affect the release of prostacyclin, but it inhibited the generation of thromboxane (TX) A2 from COX-2 isoform. The effect of the latter was sensitive to the Tp receptor antagonist, ICI-192,605. The present study provides evidence that oral administration of SV improves endothelial dysfunction in the aorta from aged rats by mechanisms associated with enhanced NO vasodilatation, reduced release of TXA2 from cyclo-oxygenase, and increased antioxidant properties of the vessel wall. These data underscore a new therapeutic perspective for SV in age-related endothelial dysfunction. British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 146, 1130,1138. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706420 [source] Lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in patients with breast cancerCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 4 2007Derya Erten, ener Abstract Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of all cancers. The aim of this study is to examine oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with breast cancer by evaluation of the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation products as malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxide and to investigate the relationship between these parameters, oxidative stress and serum lipids and lipoproteins. In our study, serum TAC, MDA, lipid hydroperoxide, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), albumin and uric acid levels of 56-breast cancer patients in different clinical stages and 18 healthy women were determined. Significantly lower-levels of TAC were detected in patients with breast cancer in comparison to controls (2.01,±,0.01,mmol/l and 2.07,±,0.03,mmol/l, respectively, p,<,0.05). Serum MDA levels of the patients were higher compared to the controls (3.64,±,0.25,µM and 2.72,±,0.22,µM, respectively, p,<,0.05). No significant difference between lipid hydroperoxide levels of patients and controls was found (0.33,±,0.05,µM and 0.32,±,0.01,µM, respectively, p,>,0.05). These data show that lower TAC and higher MDA levels i.e. increased oxidative stress may be related to breast cancer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] 3353: Response of the human eye against oxidative stress at high altitudesACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2010S KARAKUCUK Purpose To evaluate the response of the anterior segment of the eye against oxidative stress during acute exposure to high altitudes. Methods Forty volunteers were examined and measurements performed at Erciyes University Medical Faculty,Ophthalmology Clinic, Kayseri,Turkey(1080m). On the following day, participants were transported to Mt. Erciyes Ski Center by bus(2200m); thereafter they climbed to an altitude of 2800m.with a moderate pace. Central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure,spheric equivalent of refraction, arterial oxygen pressure,blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature were measured at both altitudes. Venous blood samples were taken from volunteers at both altitudes;total oxidant status (TOS),total antioxidant status(TAS),advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), xanthine oxidase (XO), thiol, adenosine deaminase(ADA)levels were investigated at 1080m and 2800m. Results TOS(7.02µmol H2O2 equiv/L, range:0.49-22.07) and AOPP(220.74µmol/L,range:103.81-667.35)significantly increased at high altitude, compared to low altitude levels (3.32µmol H2O2 equiv/L range:0.92-18.41,and 195.58µmol/L,range:84.77-663.16, resp; p<0.05).IOP significantly elevated at high altitude (14.45±3.54mmHg vs 13.22±2.74mmHg; p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between IOP and TAS levels(p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between spherical equivalent or central corneal thickness with the investigated oxidation parameters at both altitudes Conclusion We conclude that oxidative stress markers, TOS and AOPP are increased along with IOP during acute exposure to hypoxic environment at high altitudes and that antioxidant system may have a limited capacity to counter balance this effect because of acute unacclimatized ascent. [source] The effect of diet on total antioxidant status, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and ferritin serum levels in phenylketonuric childrenACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2010Kleopatra H Schulpis Abstract Objectives:, To investigate the effect of diet on total antioxidative status (TAS), transferrin, ferritin and ceruloplasmin serum levels in phenylketonuric (PKU) children. Patients and methods:, Seventeen poorly controlled PKU children underwent clinical and laboratory examinations before, ,off diet', and 60 days after adhering to their special diet ,on diet', whereas controls (N = 24) were examined once. Blood chemistry was performed with the appropriate methodologies. Results:, Phenylalanine levels differed significantly among the examined groups. Lipids and lipoproteins were higher in ,off diet' than in ,on diet' group, except of high density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein AI that remained unaffected. Total antioxidative status (386 ± 30 vs 204 ± 23 ,mol/L, p < 0.001), ferritin (48.2 ± 2.3 vs 33.0 ± 2.8 ,g/L, p < 0.001) and ceruloplasmin (40.02 ± 2.5 vs 25.5 ± 2.8 mg/dL, p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in ,on diet' patients' group compared to ,off diet' one. The low lipoprotein and the high TAS and ferritin levels in patients with PKU ,on diet' may be related to the vegetarian diet and the rich in iron formula supplementation. Conclusions:, The low ferritin levels found in ,off diet' patients with PKU may be attributed to a decreased liver production of ceruloplasmin, which evaluation may be a useful tool for the follow-up of patients with PKU. [source] Early prediction of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicityACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2007Bedirhan Erkus Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate echocardiographically determined cardiac functions with serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and total antioxidant status (TAOS) in childhood leukemia treated with chemotherapeutics containing anthracyclines. Methods: A study group of 29 patients who have been followed for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and administered a treatment protocol containing chemotherapy of anthracyclines were included in the analysis. Levels of BNP, cTnI and TAOS were studied in serum samples of the patients. Results: We demonstrated that as the drug dosage increased, systolic ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (FS) values decreased (EF r2= 0.2327, FS r2= 0.251). On the other hand, increased dosage of anthracycline therapy was associated with significant raise in plasma BNP levels (r2= 0.246) and significant decrease in serum TAOS levels (r2= 0.317) without any change in serum cTnI levels. Conclusion: Our study suggest that serum TAOS and BNP levels may be useful as an early and sensitive indicator of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. [source] | |||||||||||||