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Total Antioxidant Capacity (total + antioxidant_capacity)
Selected AbstractsRelationship Between Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and Thoracic Aortic Intima-Media ThicknessECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2006Recep Demirbag M.D. It is known that antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). Low total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. However, no data are available concerning the relationship between TAC and severity of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. This study using multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examined the relationship between atherosclerotic thoracic aortic intima-media thickness (TAIMT) and TAC. Twenty-nine patients (17 male, 12 female; mean age 36 ± 8 years) without a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease referred for TEE were included. The patients with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and CAD were excluded. The TAC was measured for each patient using a more recently developed method. TAIMT and grade of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis were evaluated in each patient by using TEE. Mean TAC level was 1.91 ± 0.53 mmol Trolox equiv/l. There was a negative and significant correlation between the TAC levels and TAIMT and grade of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis (r =,0.799, P < 0.001 versus r =,0.827, P < 0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TAIMT was independently associated with TAC (,=,0.734, P < 0.001). The mean values of TAC in grade I, II, and III were 2.23 ± 0.31, 1.58 ± 0.31, and 1.04 ± 0.27 mmol Trolox equiv/l, respectively (ANOVA P < 0.001). This study indicates that the TAC is an independent variable for TAIMT and it has a potential for an independent variable for atherosclerotic lesions in the major arterial locations. [source] Effects of a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on oxidative stress parameters in acute dichlorvos poisoning in ratsCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 7 2008N. Gunay Abstract This study examined the effects of Y-27632, a selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, on organophosphate-induced acute toxicity in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (corn oil), dichlorvos (30,mg,kg,1 i.p.), 1 and 10,mg,kg,1 Y-27632,+,dichlorvos groups. Cholinergic signs (fatigue, tremor, cyanosis, hyper-secretion, fasciculations) were observed in all the rats in the dichlorvos group and the mortality rate was 50%. No cholinergic findings and deaths were observed in the control and Y-27632 groups. Plasma cholinesterase activities were suppressed with dichlorvos and these reductions were attenuated with Y-27632 pretreatment. There was a marked increase in plasma malondialdehyde level in the dichlorvos group, but Y-27632 pretreatment abolished this elevation. Dichlorvos markedly depressed cardiac paraoxonase activity, but these changes were not markedly modified with Y-27632. Total antioxidant capacities, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, total free sulfhydryl groups and catalase activities in plasma and cardiac tissues were not markedly different between the groups. No significant changes were observed with cardiac myeloperoxidase activities or plasma arylesterase and ceruloplasmin activities. In conclusion, our results suggest that Rho-kinase pathway is involved in organophosphate intoxication, and a decrease in cardiac paraoxonase activities may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute organophosphate poisoning in rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Adenosine deaminase activity, trypsin inhibitory capacity and total antioxidant capacity in psoriasisJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2010M Hashemi Abstract Background, Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pathological skin lesions because of various exogenous and endogenous factors and associated with a number of biochemical and immunological disturbances. Objective, The aim of the present study was to determine the level of adenosine deaminase activity, serum trypsin inhibitory capacity and total antioxidant capacity of plasma in psoriatic patients. Subjects and methods, The study was performed in controls (n = 46) and in psoriatic patients (n = 40). The patients were scored with PASI (psoriasis area and severity index). The serum ADA activity was determined using Aguisti and Galanti method and serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (sTIC) were measured by enzymatic assay. Besides, serum total antioxidant capacity was measured using ferric reducing ability of plasma. Results, The serum ADA activity of the psoriatic patients was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of the healthy control. We also found that the trypsin inhibitory capacity was significantly higher in patients than in control group (P < 0.001). Total antioxidant capacity of plasma was significantly lower in psoriatic patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.025). There were no significant correlations among ADA, TAC and TIC. Conclusion, Serum ADA activity and sTIC were increased in psoriatic patients. In parallel, serum total anti-oxidant activity was decreased in these patients. [source] Lipids and antioxidants in groats and hulls of Swedish oats (Avena sativa L)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 6 2002Susanne Bryngelsson Abstract Concentrations and compositions of total lipids (TL), fatty acids, tocopherols and tocotrienols, avenanthramides and free hydroxycinnamic acids were determined in groats and hulls from single samples of seven Swedish oat cultivars. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl as substrate. Results were evaluated by principal component analysis. Consistent differences in value of the variables analysed in groats and hulls were found, groats having higher concentrations of all compounds analysed except free cinnamic acids. Concentrations of E-vitamers (especially tocotrienols) were high in both groat and hull samples with high TL. Avenanthramides were high in hull samples with high TL, but this was not found in groats. Free cinnamic acids did not follow TL in either groats or hulls. TAC was generally higher in groats than in hulls. The within-group variation in TAC was less pronounced than that in chemical composition, especially in groats. The results did not suggest any strong relationship between TAC and individual antioxidants. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Total antioxidant capacity and content of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule): An Andean pseudocerealMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 6 2008J. Mauricio Peńarrieta Abstract Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic compounds (TPH), total flavonoids (TF) and individual phenolic compounds were determined in canihua collected at approx. 3850 m altitude. The TAC values varied among samples from 2.7 to 44.7 by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method and from 1.8 to 41 by the 2,2,-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) method expressed as ,mol of Trolox equivalents/g dw. The content of TPH was 12.4,71.2 ,mol gallic acid equivalents/g dw and that of the TF ranged between 2.2 and 11.4 ,mol of catechin equivalents/g dw. The data obtained by the four methods showed several significant correlations. Prior to analysis by HPLC, the samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis and in the water-soluble extracts this led to an up to 20-fold increase in the TAC values in comparison with the values of the nonhydrolysed samples. HPLC analysis showed the presence of eight major compounds identified as catechin gallate, catechin, vanillic acid, kaempferol, ferulic acid, quercetin, resorcinol and 4-methylresorcinol. Their estimated contribution to the TAC value (FRAP method) indicated that resorcinols contributed most of the antioxidant capacity of the water-soluble extract. The results show that canihua is a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds and other bioactive compounds which can be important for human health. [source] Short-term antioxidant supplementation reduces oxidative stress in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,a pilot studyPRACTICAL DIABETES INTERNATIONAL (INCORPORATING CARDIABETES), Issue 7 2002SL Nuttall PhD Research Fellow Abstract Aims The aim of this pilot study was to determine what dose of which antioxidants might be studied in clinical trials by assessing the impact of vitamin (C and E) supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and LDL subfractions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Nine elderly patients with type 2 diabetes took a moderate dose combination of vitamins C (500 mg) and E (400 IU) for 4 weeks. Following a 4 week washout, the patients had a further 4 weeks of supplementation with a higher dose combination of vitamins C (1000 mg) and E (800 IU). Blood was sampled pre- and post-supplementation for vitamin E by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total antioxidant capacity by enhanced chemiluminescence, total cholesterol and lipid hydroperoxides by colour spectrophotometry and LDL subfraction profile by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Vitamin E was increased, after the moderate dose combination (59.8 ± 6 versus 36.4 ± 4 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and increased further by the higher dose (72.7 ± 11 versus 30.8 ± 5 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased above baseline after both doses (508.2 ± 33 versus 436.4 ± 31, p < 0.01 (moderate); 519.3 ± 48 versus 440.8 ± 34 µmol/L trolox eq., p < 0.01 (high)). Lipid hydroperoxides were reduced more after the moderate dose combination than after the high dose (6.1 ± 1 versus 12.1 ± 2, p < 0.01; 8.0 ± 1 versus 11.6 ± 1 µmol/L, p < 0.05). LDL subfraction score showed a non-significant reduction after both periods of supplementation. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that supplementation with modest doses of the antioxidant vitamins C and E can significantly increase antioxidant defences and reduce oxidative damage in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Relationship Between Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity and Thoracic Aortic Intima-Media ThicknessECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2006Recep Demirbag M.D. It is known that antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). Low total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. However, no data are available concerning the relationship between TAC and severity of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. This study using multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examined the relationship between atherosclerotic thoracic aortic intima-media thickness (TAIMT) and TAC. Twenty-nine patients (17 male, 12 female; mean age 36 ± 8 years) without a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease referred for TEE were included. The patients with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and CAD were excluded. The TAC was measured for each patient using a more recently developed method. TAIMT and grade of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis were evaluated in each patient by using TEE. Mean TAC level was 1.91 ± 0.53 mmol Trolox equiv/l. There was a negative and significant correlation between the TAC levels and TAIMT and grade of thoracic aortic atherosclerosis (r =,0.799, P < 0.001 versus r =,0.827, P < 0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TAIMT was independently associated with TAC (,=,0.734, P < 0.001). The mean values of TAC in grade I, II, and III were 2.23 ± 0.31, 1.58 ± 0.31, and 1.04 ± 0.27 mmol Trolox equiv/l, respectively (ANOVA P < 0.001). This study indicates that the TAC is an independent variable for TAIMT and it has a potential for an independent variable for atherosclerotic lesions in the major arterial locations. [source] Relationship between seminal ascorbic acid and sperm DNA integrity in infertile menINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY, Issue 6 2006Gyun Jee Song Summary Ascorbic acid has recently been reported to protect sperm DNA from the damage induced by exogenous oxidative stress in vitro. But, there is no report on seminal ascorbic acid and sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men. In this study, we asked whether sperm DNA damage correlates with seminal ascorbic acid levels. Sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was analysed in 75 men by flow cytometry after acridine orange staining. We also measured the levels of seminal plasma ascorbic acid and total antioxidant capacity. Abnormal sperm DNA integrity (DFI , 30%) was observed in 12% of the patients with normal semen parameters and in 52% of the patients with abnormal semen parameters. There were significant correlations between the level of DFI and conventional semen parameters including sperm count, motility and morphology (r = ,0.29, ,0.55 and ,0.53 respectively; p < 0.05). Seminal ascorbic acid level was significantly lower in the patients with leucospermia than the patient with normal semen parameters. Interestingly, a significantly greater percentage of men with abnormal DFI were observed in the patients with low levels of seminal ascorbic acid compared with those with normal or high levels of ascorbic acid (59% vs. 33%, p < 0.05). Men with insufficient seminal ascorbic acid frequently have sperm DNA damage. [source] DNA damage in metabolic syndrome and its association with antioxidative and oxidative measurementsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 10 2006R. DEMIRBAG Summary The purpose of this study was to assess DNA damage levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Sixty-five subjects with MetS and 65 controls were enrolled in this study. Levels of DNA damage, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total peroxide and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. We found that DNA damage levels were significantly increased [155.5 (60,264) vs. 93.2 (0,208) arbitrary units; p < 0.001] and TAC levels were significantly decreased in MetS than in control (1.34 ± 0.27 vs. 55 ± 0.33 mmol Trolox equivalent/l; p < 0.001). A significant falling trend in TAC levels and a significant rising trend in DNA damage values with the increase in the number of metabolic disturbances (anova p < 0.001 for both) were observed. Total peroxide (30.9 ± 4.9 vs. 21.3 ± 2.5 ,mol H2O2/l; p < 0.001) and OSI levels [2.4 (1.3,3.8) vs. 1.4 (0.7,2.3) arbitrary units; p < 0.001] were significantly higher in the subjects with MetS than in controls. We found significant negative correlation between DNA damage and TAC levels in MetS (r = ,0.656, p < 0.001) and in control (r = ,0.546, p < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, age, body mass index, presence of MetS and number of the componens of MetS were independent predictors of log-transformed DNA damage (p < 0.05, for all). DNA damage is increased in patients with MetS. The increase in DNA damage might be occur because of the increase in the imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidant defences in subjects with MetS. [source] Evaluation of antioxidant properties of dermocosmetic creams by direct electrochemical measurementsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 5 2005C. Guitton Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were preliminarily used in order to evaluate the global antioxidant properties of dermocosmetic creams. Experiments were performed by introducing electrodes directly into the creams without any pretreatment of the samples. Current,potential curves showed significant anodic current depending on the antioxidant-containing cream studied. In comparison, little amperometric response was recorded with an antioxidant-free cream base. Aqueous solutions of the corresponding antioxidants showed analogous anodic waves and similar peak potentials. A correlation between the global anodic peak and the presence of the antioxidant species in the cream was made with eleven skin creams, attesting to the reliability of the method. Among the tested electrode materials, platinum gave the best results in terms of electrochemical kinetics and measurement precision (current peak standard deviation <5%). Exposure of a depilatory cream to oxidizing agents (e.g. hydrogen peroxide, air, or light) caused a decrease in peak current as expected. This methodology enabled us to evaluate the evolution of the total antioxidant capacity under oxidative stress and gives encouragement to further development of a voltammetric method to quantify cream antioxidant power. [source] Oxidative status in iron-deficiency anemiaJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 5 2009Jong-Ha Yoo Abstract Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant molecules that can play an important role in the pathogenesis of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). The aim of this study was to investigate oxidative status in patients with IDA and alteration of oxidative status after iron treatment. Thirty-three female patients with IDA and 25 healthy controls were included in this study. Oxidant and total antioxidant capacity were determined using free oxygen radicals test and free oxygen radicals defence (Form CR 3000, Callegari, Parma, Italy). Catalase activity was measured by spectrophotometer using a commercially available kit (Bioxytech Catalase-520, OxisResearch, Portland, OR). Oxidant activity in patients with IDA was significantly higher than controls (P<0.05), while total antioxidant and catalase activity were significantly lower (P<0.05). After treatment, oxidant, antioxidant, and catalase activity reached the levels of the control group, and no significant differences were observed among groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, our data indicate that blood reactive oxygen species was lower and total antioxidant and catalase activity were higher after rather than before treatment in patients with IDA. The results of our study support the higher oxidative stress hypothesis in IDA; however, due to the limited number of cases included, more studies may be required to confirm the results. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 23:319,323, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Is skeletal muscle damaged by the oxidative stress following anaerobic exercise?JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 5 2001Hiroshi Ihara Abstract We investigated whether the injury of skeletal muscle owing to the action of free radicals and the subsequent oxidative damage to tissues occurred during anaerobic exercise. To estimate injury to skeletal muscle, we determined certain indices of oxidative damage to skeletal muscle; i.e., leukocyte counts, concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine, urate, tissue- and serum-type CK-M isoforms, myoglobin, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum. Blood for these tests was collected at 3 min post-exercise. Post-anaerobic exercise concentrations of lactate were significantly increased from pre-exercise. The neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and alanine concentration were significantly increased by anaerobic exercise, even when the results were corrected for plasma volume changes; the plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine, urate, and TAC of serum were also significantly increased. The plasma concentration of xanthine was negatively correlated with TAC of serum. The activities of tissue- and serum-type CK-M were significantly increased post-exercise. When the hypoxanthine, urate, TAC of serum, myoglobin, and tissue- and serum-type CK-M were corrected for plasma volume changes, the post-exercise increases were no longer significantly different from the pre-exercise results. We suggest that these latter test results following anaerobic exercise exclude the presence of oxidative damage to skeletal muscle. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:239,243, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Compromised GCF total antioxidant capacity in periodontitis: cause or effect?JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2007I. L. C. Chapple Abstract Background: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) of gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) and plasma appears compromised in periodontitis, but it is unclear whether this predisposes to, or results from the inflammatory process. Aim: To investigate longitudinal changes in GCF and plasma TAOC following reductions in periodontal inflammation with successful non-surgical therapy. Materials and Methods: Two longitudinal studies were run in series on non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP). Study-1 (n=17) assessed index sites with mild disease; Study-2 (n=18) investigated deep sites. GCF sampling and clinical measures were performed at baseline and 3 months post-therapy. Plasma and GCF TAOC was determined by enhanced chemiluminescence and 32 age/sex-matched periodontally healthy controls were used. Results: Therapy improved clinical outcomes consistent with the literature. There were no differences in plasma TAOC between periodontitis patients (507±92 ,MTeq) and controls (520±100 ,MTeq; p=0.57) at baseline, but GCF TAOC was lower (p<0.0001) in CP patients (680±371 ,MTeq) than controls (1129±722 ,MTeq). Successful periodontal therapy did not alter plasma TAOC (p=0.56), but GCF TAOC increased (by 449±722 ,MTeq, p<0.001) to control subject levels (p=0.47) Conclusions: Local total antioxidant capacity in CP appears to reflect increased oxygen radical activity during periodontal inflammation and can be restored to control subject levels by successful non-surgical therapy. [source] Effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidant capacityJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Nurcan Buduneli Abstract Aim: This study evaluated possible effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidants in gingivitis patients. Methods: Twenty otherwise healthy gingivitis patients (10 self-reported smokers) and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteer subjects were enrolled in the study. Whole saliva samples and full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained at baseline and one month following initial phase of treatment in gingivitis patients. Salivary cotinine, glutathione and ascorbic acid concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were determined, and the data generated were tested by non-parametric tests. Results: Salivary cotinine measurements resulted in re-classification of three self-reported non-smokers as smokers. Smoker patients revealed significantly higher probing depths but lower bleeding values than non-smoker patients (p=0.044 and 0.001, respectively). Significant reductions in clinical recordings were obtained in non-smoker (all p<0.05) and smoker (all p<0.01) patients following periodontal treatment. Salivary total glutathione concentrations were reduced following therapy in gingivitis patients who smoke (p<0.01). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in biochemical parameters at baseline or following treatment (p>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, neither smoking nor gingival inflammation compromised the antioxidant capacity of saliva in systemically healthy gingivitis patients. [source] Open-labeled pilot study of cysteine-rich whey protein isolate supplementation for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patientsJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Taned Chitapanarux Abstract Background and Aims:, Glutathione (GSH) depletion contributes to liver injury and development of steatohepatitis. Undenatured cysteine-rich whey protein isolate has been clinically proven to raise GSH in several patient groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with whey protein on patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods:, In an open-labeled clinical trial, 38 patients (18 male, 20 female; mean age 48 ± 14 years) with NASH confirmed by computed tomography measurements and liver biochemistries were given with a daily dose of 20 g whey protein isolate for 12 weeks. Results:, A significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (64 ± 72 vs 46 ± 36, P = 0.016) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (45 ± 49 vs 33 ± 18, P = 0.047) were observed. Plasma glutathione and total antioxidant capacity increased significantly at the end of study (53 ± 11 vs 68 ± 11, P < 0.05 and 1.26 ± 0.10 vs 2.03 ± 0.10, P < 0.05). Liver attenuation index improved from ,13.4 ± 11.1 to ,9.7 ± 13.1 (P = 0.048). Hepatic macrovesicular steatosis decreased significantly after 12 weeks of supplementation (33.82 ± 12.82 vs 30.66 ± 15.96, P = 0.046). Whey protein isolate was well tolerated. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions:, The results indicate that oral supplementation of cysteine-rich whey protein isolate leads to improvements in liver biochemistries, increased plasma GSH, total antioxidant capacity and reduced hepatic macrovesicular steatosis in NASH patients. The results support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of this disease. [source] Melatonin protects against endosulfan-induced oxidative tissue damage in ratsJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2008Gülden Z. Omurtag Abstract:, Endosulfan is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide which induces oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effect of melatonin, an antioxidant agent, against endosulfan (Endo)-induced toxicity in rats. Wistar albino rats (n = 8) were administered endosulfan (22 mg/kg/day orally) followed by either saline (Endo group) or melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, Endo + Mel group) for 5 days. In other rats, saline (control group) or melatonin (10 mg/kg/day, Mel group) was injected for 5 days, following corn oil administration (vehicle of endosulfan). Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and collagen content were performed in liver and kidney. Furthermore, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured in the serum samples, while tumor necrosis factor-, (TNF-,), interleukin-, (IL-,) and total antioxidant capacity (AOC) were assayed in plasma samples. Endosulfan administration caused a significant decrease in tissue GSH and plasma AOC, which was accompanied with significant rises in tissue MDA and collagen levels and MPO activity. Moreover, the proinflammatory mediators (TNF-, and IL-,), LDH activity, AST, ALT, creatinine and BUN levels were significantly elevated in the endosulfan-treated rats. On the other hand, melatonin treatment reversed all these biochemical alterations induced by endosulfan. Our results suggest that oxidative mechanisms play an important role in endosulfan-induced tissue damage and melatonin, by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration, balancing oxidant,antioxidant status and regulating the generation of inflammatory mediators, ameliorates oxidative organ injury as a result of endosulfan toxicity. [source] Adenosine deaminase activity, trypsin inhibitory capacity and total antioxidant capacity in psoriasisJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2010M Hashemi Abstract Background, Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pathological skin lesions because of various exogenous and endogenous factors and associated with a number of biochemical and immunological disturbances. Objective, The aim of the present study was to determine the level of adenosine deaminase activity, serum trypsin inhibitory capacity and total antioxidant capacity of plasma in psoriatic patients. Subjects and methods, The study was performed in controls (n = 46) and in psoriatic patients (n = 40). The patients were scored with PASI (psoriasis area and severity index). The serum ADA activity was determined using Aguisti and Galanti method and serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (sTIC) were measured by enzymatic assay. Besides, serum total antioxidant capacity was measured using ferric reducing ability of plasma. Results, The serum ADA activity of the psoriatic patients was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of the healthy control. We also found that the trypsin inhibitory capacity was significantly higher in patients than in control group (P < 0.001). Total antioxidant capacity of plasma was significantly lower in psoriatic patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.025). There were no significant correlations among ADA, TAC and TIC. Conclusion, Serum ADA activity and sTIC were increased in psoriatic patients. In parallel, serum total anti-oxidant activity was decreased in these patients. [source] 1-Methylcyclopropene affects the antioxidant system of apricots (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Búlida) during storage at low temperatureJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 4 2010Isabel Egea Abstract BACKGROUND: Apricots (Prunus armeniaca cv. Búlida) were treated with 1 mL L,1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) immediately after harvest and stored in air at 2 °C for 21 days. Antioxidant levels (ascorbic acid and carotenoids), enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and unspecific peroxidase (POX)) and total antioxidant capacity (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)) were determined. The level of oxidative stress was also established by measuring ion leakage during storage. The changes in the antioxidant potential of apricots were related to the capacity of 1-MCP to increase their commercial life. RESULTS: 1-MCP-treated fruits exhibited higher SOD activity, whereas POX activity was significantly higher only after 21 days at 2 °C. Treated fruits also exhibited better retention of ascorbate and carotenoids and higher TEAC during storage. In accordance with these observations, lower ion leakage values were detected in 1-MCP-treated apricots. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that 1-MCP conferred a greater resistance to oxidative stress. This, along with the reduction in ethylene production, could contribute to the increase in commercial life and nutritional value observed in 1-MCP-treated apricots. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Antioxidant properties of polar and non-polar extracts of some tropical green leafy vegetablesJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 14 2008Ganiyu Oboh Abstract BACKGROUND: The higher consumption of vegetables and fruits could be a practical approach to the management of oxidative stress. The present study sought to compare the antioxidant properties of polar and non-polar constituents of some tropical green leafy vegetables (Struchium sparganophora, Amaranthus cruentus, Telfairia occidentalis, Ocimum gratissimum, Talinium triangulare, Cnidoscolous aconitifolius and Vernonia amygdalina). RESULTS: The polar antioxidant constituents (total phenol (3330,17 572 mg kg,1), total flavonoid (1668,4306 mg kg,1) and vitamin C (224,642 mg kg,1)) were higher than the non-polar antioxidant constituents (total phenol (703,3115 mg kg,1), total flavonoid (130,1303 mg kg,1) and carotenoids (132,1303 mg kg,1)). Furthermore, the polar extracts had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability (except T. triangulare), total antioxidant capacity, reducing power (except T. triangulare and A. cruentus) and Fe(II) chelating ability (except C. aconitifolius and S. sparganophora). However, the polar and non-polar extract of O. gratissimum had the highest antioxidant properties while that of T. triangulare had the least antioxidant properties. CONCLUSION: The polar extract of most of the vegetables had higher antioxidant properties than the non-polar extract, with O. gratissimum extracts having the highest antioxidant properties. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Comparative study of six pear cultivars in terms of their phenolic and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacityJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 10 2003Andrea C Galvis Sánchez Abstract The main phenolic compounds in six pear cultivars were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESIMS). Major quantitative differences were found in the phenolic profiles. The peel contained higher concentrations of chlorogenic acid, flavonols and arbutin than the flesh, where only chlorogenic acid was detected. Total phenolics ranged from 1235 to 2005 mg kg,1 in the peel and from 28 to 81 mg k g,1 in the flesh. Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid were detected in the peel, whereas only dehydroascorbic acid was present in the flesh. The ranges of vitamin C content were from 116 to 228 mg kg,1 in the peel and from 28 to 53 mg kg,1 in the flesh. The antioxidant capacity was correlated with the content of chlorogenic acid (r = 0.46), while ascorbic acid made only a small contribution to the total antioxidant capacity of the fruit. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Characterization of antioxidant compounds of red and white rice and changes in total antioxidant capacity during processingMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 8 2007Franca Finocchiaro Abstract Although most rice cultivars have whitish kernel, some varieties have a red testa. Aim of this work was to compare the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the antioxidant chemical composition (namely tocols, ,-oryzanols, and polyphenols) of red and white rices. In addition, the effect of milling and cooking on antioxidants was investigated in both rices. Dehulled red rice showed a TAC more than three times greater than dehulled white rice and its high TAC was essentially characterized by the presence of proanthocyanidins (PA) and associated phenolics. Milling caused a significant loss of TAC, even if red rice maintained a higher TAC. Cooking caused a further loss of antioxidants, but when there was a full uptake of cooking water by the grains ("risotto") this loss was limited. Thus, the consumption of whole or partially milled rice cooked as risotto would be preferred to preserve its nutritional properties. [source] Adverse effects associated with persistent stimulation of Leydig cells with hCG in vitroMOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 11 2009Archana Aggarwal The detrimental effects of persistent stimulation with hCG were investigated in rat Leydig cells in vitro. Significant rise in lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with concomitant attenuation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione- S -transferase was observed. Transcripts for catalase and superoxide dismutase were also depleted. Subsequent to each hCG challenge, the total antioxidant capacity in the target cells also declined significantly (P,<,0.05). There was an increase in cell apoptosis (23%), which was associated with a rise in caspase-3 activity, PARP cleavage, and Fas, FasL, caspase-8 expression. While Bax and Caspase-9 expression remained unchanged, Bcl-2 demonstrated a marked decline. Taken together, the above data indicate that persistent hCG stimulation of Leydig cells induced adverse effects leading to oxidative stress and apoptosis which was channeled primarily through the extrinsic pathway. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 1076,1083, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Antioxidative effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate in CCl4-Induced liver injury in low-protein fed ratsPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 11 2006C. Z. Nkosi Abstract The effects of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate on the plasma activity levels of catalase (CA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) in liver homogenates and lipid peroxidation (LPO-malondialdehyde-MDA) levels in liver homogenates and liver microsomal fractions against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in low-protein fed Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) were investigated. A group of male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on a low-protein diet for 5 days were divided into three subgroups. Two subgroups were injected with carbon tetrachloride and the other group with an equivalent amount of olive oil. Two hours after CCl4 intoxication one of the two subgroups was administered with pumpkin seed protein isolate and thereafter switched onto a 20% pumpkin seed protein isolate diet. The other two groups of rats were maintained on the low-protein diet for the duration of the investigation. Groups of rats from the different subgroups were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h after their respective treatments. After 5 days on the low-protein diet the activity levels of all the enzymes as well as antioxidant levels were significantly lower than their counterparts on a normal balanced diet. However, a low-protein diet resulted in significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation. The CCl4 intoxicated rats responded in a similar way, regarding all the variables investigated, to their counterparts on a low-protein diet. The administration of pumpkin seed protein isolate after CCl4 intoxication resulted in significantly increased levels of all the variables investigated, with the exception of the lipid peroxidation levels which were significantly decreased. From the results of the present study it is concluded that pumpkin seed protein isolate administration was effective in alleviating the detrimental effects associated with protein malnutrition and CCl4 intoxication. It is therefore apparent that pumpkin seed protein isolate has components that have antiperoxidative properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Short-term antioxidant supplementation reduces oxidative stress in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,a pilot studyPRACTICAL DIABETES INTERNATIONAL (INCORPORATING CARDIABETES), Issue 7 2002SL Nuttall PhD Research Fellow Abstract Aims The aim of this pilot study was to determine what dose of which antioxidants might be studied in clinical trials by assessing the impact of vitamin (C and E) supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and LDL subfractions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Nine elderly patients with type 2 diabetes took a moderate dose combination of vitamins C (500 mg) and E (400 IU) for 4 weeks. Following a 4 week washout, the patients had a further 4 weeks of supplementation with a higher dose combination of vitamins C (1000 mg) and E (800 IU). Blood was sampled pre- and post-supplementation for vitamin E by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total antioxidant capacity by enhanced chemiluminescence, total cholesterol and lipid hydroperoxides by colour spectrophotometry and LDL subfraction profile by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Vitamin E was increased, after the moderate dose combination (59.8 ± 6 versus 36.4 ± 4 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and increased further by the higher dose (72.7 ± 11 versus 30.8 ± 5 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased above baseline after both doses (508.2 ± 33 versus 436.4 ± 31, p < 0.01 (moderate); 519.3 ± 48 versus 440.8 ± 34 µmol/L trolox eq., p < 0.01 (high)). Lipid hydroperoxides were reduced more after the moderate dose combination than after the high dose (6.1 ± 1 versus 12.1 ± 2, p < 0.01; 8.0 ± 1 versus 11.6 ± 1 µmol/L, p < 0.05). LDL subfraction score showed a non-significant reduction after both periods of supplementation. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that supplementation with modest doses of the antioxidant vitamins C and E can significantly increase antioxidant defences and reduce oxidative damage in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Relationship Between Leptin Level and Oxidative Status Parameters in Hemodialysis PatientsARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 1 2009Mehmet Horoz Abstract Both serum leptin level and oxidative stress are increased in hemodialysis (HD) patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether there is association between oxidative status and leptin level in HD patients. Thirty-five HD patients and 25 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Serum leptin level, total peroxide (TP) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. Serum leptin level, TP level, and OSI were significantly higher in HD patients than controls (all P < 0.001) while TAC was lower (P < 0.001). In HD patients, serum leptin level was significantly correlated with TP level and OSI (r = 0.372, P < 0.001 and r = 0.409, P < 0.001, respectively). The correlation of serum leptin level with TP level and OSI remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, and body-fat percentage (r = 0.446, P < 0.001 and r = 0.463, P < 0.001, respectively). Hyperleptinemia seems to be associated with increased oxidative stress in HD patients, and this association may provide better understanding about the disorders related to either elevated serum leptin levels and/or increased oxidative stress in HD patients. [source] Heroin-Administered Mice Involved in Oxidative Stress and Exogenous Antioxidant-Alleviated Withdrawal SyndromeBASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 2 2006Bo Xu It is well known that an increase in DA oxidative metabolism leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and thus, ROS have been frequently associated with neuronal cell death due to damage to carbohydrates, amino acids, phospholipids, and nucleic acids. This study investigated whether there are oxidative stress and effects of exogenous antioxidants in heroin-administered mice. The heroin-dependent mice model was made via intraperitoneal injection. Oxidative damage of DNA, protein, and lipid was measured by analysis of single cell electrophoresis, the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method, and thiobarbituric acid method respectively. The activities of antioxidative enzymes and total antioxidant capacity were assayed by spectrophotometry. After administration with heroin, the mice not only showed decrease of total antioxidant capacity in serum and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase in brain, but also exhibited the oxidative damages of DNA, protein and lipid. On the other hand, exogenous antioxidants could restrain the oxidative stress, even alleviate withdrawal syndrome in heroin-administered mice. Our results also imply a possibility that ROS may participate in the whole process of dependence and withdrawal of heroin. Therefore, strategies of blocking oxidative stress may be useful in the development of therapy for opiate abuse. [source] The role of transforming growth factor-,1 and oxidative stress in podoconiosis pathogenesisBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2010S. Addisu Summary Background, Podoconiosis (endemic nonfilarial elephantiasis) occurs in susceptible individuals who go barefoot in regions of irritant volcanic soil. Silicate particles absorbed via the skin are thought to induce an inflammatory process and a consequent endolymphangitis of the lower leg lymphatics. Objectives, To establish which oxidative stress biomarkers play a part in the inflammatory process, and to test whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-,1 also has a pathogenetic role. Patients and methods, We enrolled 50 patients with early clinical stage disease, 43 patients with advanced stage disease and 35 local healthy controls. Oxidative stress biomarkers included serum total peroxides (TP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total nitrate plus nitrite (TN), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was also determined. Serum total TGF-,1 was assayed using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results, Compared with healthy controls, patients with early stage disease showed significantly higher mean levels of TP (P < 0·001), MDA (P < 0·05) and OSI (P < 0·01); and significantly lower mean concentrations of SOD (P < 0·001) and TGF-,1 (P < 0·001). Mean levels of TGF-,1 were even lower among patients with advanced stage disease (P < 0·001). Mean TAC levels were significantly lower among patients with advanced disease than either other group (P < 0·001). Conclusions, This is the first study, to our knowledge, to attempt to elucidate the molecular pathogenetic events in podoconiosis. We conclude that TGF-,1 may have a pathogenetic role, with oxidative stress playing a minor role in the early stages of disease. [source] Randomized controlled trial of acute normovolaemic haemodilution in aortic aneurysm repairBRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 4 2001L. Wolowczyk Background: Previous studies have suggested that acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH) reduces the need for heterologous blood transfusion in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery and may thus improve postoperative outcome by reducing the systemic inflammatory response. Controlled studies are lacking. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of ANH on the systemic inflammatory response, clinical outcome and use of bank blood after AAA repair. Methods: Patients undergoing elective AAA repair were randomized to ANH (n = 16) or control (n = 18) groups. Intraoperative cell salvage and heterologous blood were used in both groups according to predetermined transfusion triggers. Inflammatory markers in serum and urine were measured to assess the acute-phase response. Clinical outcome was determined using mortality, morbidity and the incidence of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Results: There was no difference between the ANH and control group in serial measurements of median (range) white cell count (maximum at 2 days after operation: 11·9 (7·7,21·4) versus 10·3 (7·8,20·6) × 109 l,1; P = 0·25), serum C-reactive protein level (maximum at 3 days: 150 (1,274) versus 169 (7,238) mg ml,1; P = 0·76), interleukin 6 level (maximum at 6 h: 142 (32,793) versus 105 (29,509) pg ml,1; P = 0·89), total antioxidant capacity (lowest at 1 h: 0·83 (0·67,1·22) versus 0·83 (0·68,1·23) mmol l,1; P = 0·45) or urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (maximum at 30 min after clamp release: 41 (2,923) versus 124 (4,376) mg ml,1; P = 0·10). SIRS was observed in ten of 16 patients having ANH and in 11 of 18 control patients (P = 0·99). There was no significant difference in mortality and morbidity between the groups. Similarly, there was no difference in median (range) blood loss (ANH 1800 (400,12 000) ml versus control 1600 (500,7500) ml; P = 0·55), use of cell salvage (600 (0,4740) versus 520 (0,2420) ml; P = 0·60) or heterologous blood transfusion (2 (0,32) versus 2 (0,9) units; P = 0·68). Conclusion: In the setting of a randomized controlled trial ANH added no additional benefit, when used in combination with cell salvage, in reducing the requirements for heterologous blood transfusion, and made no impact on systemic inflammatory response and clinical outcome after AAA repair. © 2001 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd [source] Lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status in patients with breast cancerCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 4 2007Derya Erten, ener Abstract Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of all cancers. The aim of this study is to examine oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with breast cancer by evaluation of the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation products as malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxide and to investigate the relationship between these parameters, oxidative stress and serum lipids and lipoproteins. In our study, serum TAC, MDA, lipid hydroperoxide, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), albumin and uric acid levels of 56-breast cancer patients in different clinical stages and 18 healthy women were determined. Significantly lower-levels of TAC were detected in patients with breast cancer in comparison to controls (2.01,±,0.01,mmol/l and 2.07,±,0.03,mmol/l, respectively, p,<,0.05). Serum MDA levels of the patients were higher compared to the controls (3.64,±,0.25,µM and 2.72,±,0.22,µM, respectively, p,<,0.05). No significant difference between lipid hydroperoxide levels of patients and controls was found (0.33,±,0.05,µM and 0.32,±,0.01,µM, respectively, p,>,0.05). These data show that lower TAC and higher MDA levels i.e. increased oxidative stress may be related to breast cancer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Antioxidant capacity of human milk: effect of thermal conditions for the pasteurizationACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 8 2008Dolores Silvestre Abstract Aim: Pasteurization is the thermal treatment usually applied in milk banks to eliminate the risk of transmission of infectious agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat processing upon the antioxidant properties of human milk. Methods: Milk samples collected from 31 healthy women were subjected to two different pasteurization techniques: Holder pasteurization (63°C for 30 min) and high pasteurization (75°C for 15 sec) and oxidative stress markers (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity) were determined in comparison to fresh milk. Results: Malondialdehyde concentration was the same in all samples, while there was a decrease in glutathione concentration and total antioxidant capacity in milk samples subjected to thermal processing versus fresh milk samples. However, the drop in these parameters was seen to be significantly greater when applying Holder pasteurization. Both thermal treatments induced considerable and similar loss of glutathione peroxidase activity. Conclusion: Thermal processing of human milk implies a decrease in its antioxidant properties but, when necessary, high pasteurization should be the election method in terms of milk oxidative status. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||