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Topical Preparations (topical + preparation)
Selected AbstractsTopical vitamins, minerals and botanical ingredients as modulators of environmental and chronological skin damageBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2003A. Chiu Summary Ageing skin is characterized by fine lines, wrinkles, lentigines, dyspigmentation and increased coarseness. Topical preparations alleged to combat these changes abound in the over-the-counter market. Some of the most popular ingredients used in these products are vitamins, minerals and botanical extracts. Proposed mechanisms for antiageing effects on skin range from antioxidant properties to improved collagen synthesis or protection from collagen breakdown. Despite the media attention and consumer popularity that these ingredients have generated, there have been few scientific studies to support these claims. In this report, we review recent published studies on the most common of these ingredients for the topical photoprotection and the treatment of ageing skin. [source] Change in ultraviolet (UV) transmission following the application of vaseline to non-irradiated and UVB-exposed split skinBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2000K. Hoffmann Background ,Topical preparations such as emollients used in combination with phototherapy can interfere with such treatment. Objectives,This study was performed to investigate the impact of vaseline on the ultraviolet (UV) transmission of non-irradiated split skin and on split skin previously exposed to UVB radiation. Methods,Split-skin specimens were obtained from 20 patients. In each case, one sample was taken from an area of non-irradiated skin, while the second was taken from an area that had been previously exposed to UVB. The transmission was spectrophotometrically measured with split skin placed in specially designed quartz glass cuvettes before and after the application of two different amounts of vaseline (2·5 and 17·5 mg cm,2). Results,Application of vaseline to skin previously exposed to UVB caused significant (P < 0·0001) changes in UV transmission in certain wavelength ranges. In the UVA range, a greater increase in transmission was achieved with 2·5 mg cm,2 vaseline, whereas in the UVB range, a greater increase was achieved with 17·5 mg cm,2 vaseline. The thicker the layer of vaseline applied, the lower was the difference in transmission between non-irradiated split skin and UVB-exposed split skin. Conclusions,Application of the correct amount of vaseline can enhance transmission in either the UVA or UVB range, and would enable dose reduction during a course of phototherapy. [source] Development of patch and spray formulations for enhancing topical delivery of sinomenine hydrochlorideJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2010Xinru Li Abstract The purpose of this work was to investigate feasibility of a promising topical drug delivery system (TDDS) for sinomenine hydrochloride (SMH), extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant sinomenine acutum and currently used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It was found that SMH was a weak base (pKa, 7.98,±,0.04) with pH-dependent solubility and partition coefficient. The result of in vitro permeation studies demonstrated that the permeation enhancer azone was the most effective. In contrast, spray had higher accumulative permeated amounts of SMH than patch, but permeated duration of spray was shorter than that of patch. The efficacy on Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis suggested that there was near arthritis index for SMH spray with medium dose (i.e., 15,mg/rat) and oral solution at a dose of 12,mg/rat, indicating that topical SMH delivery system could achieve the similar anti-inflammatory efficacy with oral administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters including Cmax and AUC for both topical preparations were lower than those for oral preparation, which hinted that systemic side effect could be ignored. Therefore, the spray and patch were promising formulations for successful topical delivery of SMH through the skin instead of oral administration with side effects. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99: 1790,1799, 2010 [source] Allergy to peanut oil , clinically relevant?JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 4 2007J Ring Abstract The increasing prevalence of food allergies (especially allergy to peanuts) has led to a discussion of how safe topical preparations containing peanut oil are with respect to allergy. The major allergens from peanuts are proteins that have been characterized at a molecular level and cloned. Clinical signs of peanut allergy symptoms can be observed on the skin (urticaria), or in the gastrointestinal and/or respiratory tract culminating in cardiovascular symptoms and anaphylactic reactions. In most cases, symptoms are elicited by oral uptake; rarely, a contact urticaria has been described. In vegetable oils, the contents of protein differ depending on the production process: crude oils contain approximately 100 times more proteins than refined oils. This has clear-cut implications for allergic individuals. Quantitative data are available regarding elicitation of symptoms in allergic individuals with a threshold dose of 0.1,1 mg peanut allergen in oral provocation tests. There are anecdotal reports of adverse reactions after topical use of peanut oils. In one epidemiological trial, an association between topical use of skin care products containing peanut oil and the development of peanut allergy was observed; however, the data reflect a retrospective analysis without specifying skin care products containing peanut oil and also without analysing the quantity of topicals used. In contrast, oral tolerance was prevented and allergic sensitization was enhanced in a mouse model using high concentrations of peanut protein. So far, no reliable data are available regarding doses required to induce sensitization against peanut allergen via the epidermal route. A possible induction of sensitization against peanut proteins through contact with the skin via skin care products and the respective protein concentrations is a matter of speculation. Patients with atopic diseases, namely eczema, need appropriate skin care because of the disturbed skin barrier function. The benefit of avoiding damage to skin barrier functions of atopic individuals by the use of peanut protein-containing skin care products seems to outweigh possible risks of sensitization and/or allergy induction against substances contained in those products containing refined peanut oil. [source] How patients experience psoriasis: results from a European surveyJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 2005S Fouéré ABSTRACT Background, Most of the psoriasis that affects the European population is treated with topical preparations. Compliance rates, however, are known to be quite low. Objective, To provide an update on how psoriasis is experienced by patients and how well these patients comply with prescribed topical treatment. Methods, This was an observational and transversal survey conducted in 1281 patients with psoriasis. Patient input alone formed the basis of the study. Participants were contacted through the national psoriasis patient associations in France, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Results, The study showed that 32% of the patients suffer currently from psoriasis in the face, skin folds and genital areas , areas very sensitive to topical treatments. Most of the patients (74%) considered their psoriasis as at least moderately severe, and 73% stated not to comply with their current treatment. Lack of efficacy and messiness of the treatment were the main reasons for non-compliance, an element that is especially important for the use in sensitive areas such as the face, skin folds and genitalia. Conclusion, The present survey confirmed that cosmetic acceptability is, together with efficacy and safety, a very important aspect of a successful treatment of psoriasis. [source] Systematic review: the use of mesalazine in inflammatory bowel diseaseALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 7 2006R. BERGMAN Summary Background, Mesalazine is among the medications most commonly prescribed by gastroenterologists, having to a large extent superseded sulfasalazine (sulphasalazine). However, there are still a number of aspects regarding its use which provoke debate and controversy. Aim, To provide a systematic assessment of the evidence for the use of mesalazine in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Methods, References were identified using PubMed database. Additional references were identified with related article searches. Results, Mesalazine has a clear role in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis and management of mild to moderately active disease, although the efficacy of topical preparations or combined topical and oral is clearly superior to oral alone. Evidence that increasing the dose of oral mesalazine improves efficacy is not clear-cut. The benefits of mesalazine in the management of acute Crohn's disease and the maintenance of remission are questionable and alternative treatments are usually more appropriate. Emerging evidence suggests that maintenance mesalazine reduces the risk of neoplastic progression in chronic ulcerative colitis. Compliance with therapy is thus important, as is an understanding of individuals most likely to default on this. Conclusion, Evidence for a beneficial effect of mesalazine is largely confined to the management of ulcerative colitis. [source] Hormonal Changes in Menopause and Implications on Sexual HealthTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2007Anneliese Schwenkhagen MD ABSTRACT Introduction., The menopause is characterized by an array of changes to the female body caused by modulations which occur in the production of estrogens and androgens. The ovaries are important sites of testosterone production in the peri- and postmenopausal women, but the contribution of testosterone pro-hormones from the adrenal glands falls precipitously to the extent where the ovaries cannot correct the deficit. This results in a net decline in circulating testosterone levels. Aims., This paper gives an overview of this interesting subject area. Researchers have cogitated on the relationship between the physical effects of the menopause and the observed declines in testosterone levels, but it is now much clearer that falling testosterone levels cannot explain all of these changes. Main Outcome Measures., The cessation of follicular functioning results in a steep decline in the production of estrogens. This modulation is responsible for the physical manifestations of the menopause,hot flushes, sleep disturbances, mood changes, bleeding problems, local urogenital problems, vaginal changes, etc. Methods., A review of the pertinent literature was conducted to investigate hormonal changes around the menopause. A précis of the salient information is presented here. Results., Although the most obvious and well-known effects of the menopause are due to the decline of estrogen levels, the effects of falling testosterone levels are subtle, but by no means less significant. Reductions in sexual motivation, sexual arousal, vaginal lubrication, etc. are all associated with plummeting androgen levels. Conclusions., Today, several options exist for the treatment of the endocrinological changes associated with the menopause. Estrogen deficiency can be corrected with hormone replacement therapy and topical preparations for the genitalia. A new transdermal system for the administration of testosterone shows a great deal of potential for the treatment of androgen deficiency. Schwenkhagen A. Hormonal changes in menopause and implications on sexual health. J Sex Med 2007;4(suppl 3):220,226. [source] | ||||||||||