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Topical Drugs (topical + drug)
Selected AbstractsA11. UV-related skin hazards: allergic photodermatitisJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Paolo Pigatto Cases of dermatitis induced by exposure to ultra-violet radiation are increasingly encountered in clinical practice, with contact allergic photodermatitis accounting for about 10% of cases. Its frequency seems to be increasing, not only as a result of the increased use of cosmetic products and contact with some of the materials of working processes, but above all because of the greater exposure to both natural and artificial sources of UV radiation. Many substances have been defined ,photo-allergising' but their exact prevalence has varied over the years with the introduction and use of new substances in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. For these, and other reasons, there are few studies concerning the prevalence and incidence of contact allergic photodermatitis in Italy. A total of 2160 patients with clinical histories suggestive of photoallergic contact dermatitis were seen. All patients underwent photopatch tests with haptens proposed by the Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Dermatiti da Contatto plus other substances suggested by each patient's history. 518 patients (24%) were positive to at least one test substance of the standard series or to added substances. Typical photoallergic reactions were seen in 423 subjects, representing 19.5% of the total population. Topical drugs are the substances most frequently involved in photodermatitis. The incidence in our population was about equal for antimicrobial agents, additives to fragrances, and fragrances themselves. Other allergens frequently found were sun screening agents which were the second group of haptens with clear-cut relevance. [source] Relevance of Cosmeceuticals to the Dermatologic SurgeonDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2005Harold J. Brody MD Background. The dermatologic surgeon is the dermatologist with special expertise in the surgical care of the health and beauty of the skin. Objectives, Methods, Results. There is no better arena for the use of topical regimens to preserve skin quality than in the time interval devoted to before and after care with respect to surgical procedures. Conclusion. Many of these regimens can be tailor devised with topical drugs and cosmeceuticals together in proper balance in the patient's best interest for affordable health care. HAROLD J. BRODY, MD, HAS INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS. [source] Sensitization to petrolatum: an unusual cause of false-positive drug patch-testsALLERGY, Issue 9 2004G. Ulrich We report on an unexpected sensitization to petrolatum diagnosed with the occurrence of multiple nonrelevant and false-positive drug patch-tests performed while investigating a patient suffering from many cutaneous adverse drug reactions. All the positive drug patch-tests were prepared with GILBERT® vaseline. This petrolatum reaction is positive as it was tested with five other brands of petrolatums a few months later. As the same petrolatums, but from different batches were tested, patch-tests with GILBERT® petrolatum were doubtful, while other petrolatums were positive. White petrolatum is a mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons of the methane series. The sensitizing impurities of petrolatum are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. phenanthrene derivatives. The purity of petrolatum depends on both the petroleum stock and on the production and packaging methods. Even if rare, contact sensitization to petrolatum can disturb the interpretation of drug patch-tests. It is necessary in the interpretation of drug patch-tests to test both in petrolatum and other vehicles and with all the different petrolatums used in preparing the material for drug patch-tests. So, it is essential to advise the patients sensitized to petrolatum to remove all the topical drugs, such as all the cosmetics, which contain petrolatum in their formulation. [source] In vivo pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen after patch application in the Mexican hairless pigBIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 4 2009Masafumi Horie Abstract To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of topical drugs, in vitro permeation studies are performed using sacrificed pig skin or human tissues resected at surgery; however, these methods have their limitations in in vivo pharmacokinetics. This study examined the usefulness of Mexican hairless pigs for in vivo pharmacokinetic study, especially the drug concentration in the tissues. A ketoprofen patch was applied on the back of Mexican hairless pigs for 24,h, followed by sequential collection of blood specimens from 0 to 36,h (n=3). Also, the skin, subcutaneous fat, fascia and muscle from the center of the site of application were excised at 12,h after the application (n=4). Ketoprofen was first detected in the plasma at 8,h, the concentration increasing up to 24,h; the plasma concentration began to decrease after the removal of the ketoprofen patch. Ketoprofen concentrations in the tissues decreased with increasing depth of the tissues, but the values in the deep muscles, being the lowest among the tissues examined, were still higher than those in the plasma. While the data of drug concentration in human tissue are difficult to test, the Mexican hairless pig model appears to be attractive for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of topically applied ketoprofen. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The future of onychomycosis therapy may involve a combination of approachesBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue S60 2001R.J. Hay Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit, most commonly caused by the anthropophilic dermatophyte fungi. It is generally accepted that this disease is increasing in prevalence despite the introduction of new and efficacious antifungal drugs. Several studies have documented health-related quality-of-life issues associated with onychomycosis and it is clear that patient treatment is both necessary and desirable. The aetiology and pathogenesis of onychomycosis is coming under increasing scrutiny and work in this field has grown substantially in recent years. This is reflected by the increased assurance with which clinicians can now prescribe treatment and be confident of improvement in a majority of their patients. However, a significant proportion of patients, perhaps as many as 25,40% of those encountered in clinical practice, are classified as treatment failures. Clinical indicators for poor prognosis include the development of residual foci of subungual fungal growth, onycholysis and severe disease. These observations have led to a resurgence of interest in combination treatments for use in patients at risk of failure/relapse. Several types of combination can be considered, including the use of oral or topical drugs and the concomitant use of surgical techniques, all of which have a place in the treatment of onychomycosis. [source] Suppression of neural activity of bronchial irritant receptors by surface-active phospholipid in comparison with topical drugs commonly prescribed for asthmaCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 9 2000Hills Background Much indirect evidence has been put forward previously in support of the concept that surface-active phospholipid (SAPL) normally masks irritant receptors in the lungs and upper respiratory tract; but this physical barrier is deficient in asthmatics, imparting hyperresponsiveness of the bronchoconstrictor reflex. Objective To determine whether exogenous SAPL applied to bronchial mucosa reduces the sensitivity of irritant receptors to a standard challenge used clinically to diagnose asthma and to compare the effects with those of corticosteroids and ,-stimulation. Methods Nerve fibres in the vagi were monitored to record action potentials from irritant receptors identified in the upper airways of rat lungs in response to a methacholine challenge. SAPL in the form of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) , 7 : 3 PC:PG , was applied as a fine dry powder to enhance surface activity and, hence, chemisorption to epithelium. Comparison was also made with clinical doses of i.v. hydrocortisone and instilled salbutamol together with liquid or solid controls, as appropriate. Results Neural activity of irritant receptors was found to be significantly (P = 0.0018) decreased by topical SAPL by 35.8% in response to a methacholine challenge in contrast to an increase of 11.2% in response to a solid (lactose) control. Instilled salbutamol and i.v. hydrocortisone also decreased responses to the same challenge by 43.4% and 14.7%, respectively, in contrast to a liquid (saline) control which increased by 24.5%. Conclusions Surface-active phospholipid has an appreciable effect upon irritant receptors in rat airways, reducing neural response to a methacholine challenge by an amount comparable to that of Salbutamol. These results support the concept of SAPL masking bronchial irritant receptors and warrant placebo-controlled clinical trials of this dry powder as a means of controlling asthma without the side-effects of current medication. Other possible roles discussed for the SAPL epithelial barrier include the exclusion of viruses and allergens. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||