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Tongue Cancer (tongue + cancer)
Kinds of Tongue Cancer Selected AbstractsSIGNIFICANCE OF TUMOUR VOLUME MEASUREMENTS IN TONGUE CANCER: A NOVEL ROLE IN STAGINGANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 8 2007Min H. Chew Background: Tongue cancers are staged by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer TNM staging systems. Cancer, however, evolves in a 3-D plane. Hence, using the largest tumour diameter will not reflect total cancer volume. We aim to evaluate the use of tongue cancer tumour volume (Tv) as a prognostic predictor of disease recurrence and survival. Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of patients in Singapore General Hospital who underwent complete resection for histologically proven tongue carcinoma from 2000 to 2002. The Tv was measured on staging T2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging datasets by semiautomated methods. Results: Seventeen patients with a median follow-up duration of 57.9 months were studied. A wide range of volumes was noted in each T stage. The median time to relapse was 8.6 months for those with Tv , 13 cc but was not achieved for those with Tv < 13 cc. The hazard ratio comparing Tv ,13 cc versus <13 cc is 9.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70,47.94, P = 0.014). Of the seven deaths reported, five patients had Tv , 13 cc. The median overall survival was 15.8 months for those with Tv , 13 cc but was not achieved for those with Tv < 13 cc. The hazards of death for Tv , 13 cc was 3.91 times that of Tv < 13 cc (95%CI 0.86,17.86, P = 0.078). Conclusion: Tongue cancer Tv measurement allows a more refined and accurate assessment of tumour status. This can be a possible prognostic indicator and be used in a novel staging method for the future. [source] ANTERIOR TONGUE CANCER: AGE IS NOT A PREDICTOR OF OUTCOME AND SHOULD NOT ALTER TREATMENTANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 11 2003Michael J. Veness Background: Mucosal head and neck cancers usually occur in older males after years of smoking and alcohol abuse. Despite this, approximately 5% of cases occur in young adults. The aetiology remains unclear and the anterior tongue is a prevalent site. Prognosis has been reported as worse in young patients and some have proposed a more aggressive treatment approach. Methods: Patients diagnosed with previously untreated anterior tongue squamous cell carcinoma and treated with curative intent were identified. Retrospective and prospective data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken using Cox regression analysis. The outcome of patients treated with anterior tongue cancer using a cut-off age of 40 years was compared. Results: Between 1980 and 2000, 106 males and 58 females with anterior tongue squamous cell carcinoma were treated at Westmead Hospital. Median follow up was 47 months (6,210 months). Twenty-two patients (13.4%) were aged ,40 years. Other than age, patient demographics, TNM stage and treatment approach were similar between the two groups. Eighty-one per cent had either a T1 or T2 primary. In total, 139 patients (84.8%) had surgery or surgery and radiotherapy. A total of 56 (34%) patients experienced a recurrent event, with nodal recurrence occurring most often as the first site (n = 33, 59%). Young patients had a higher recurrence rate (45.5% vs 32.4%; P = 0.23). Relapse-free survival at 5 years was 62% versus 81% (P = 0.27). Overall survival at 5 years was 65% versus 67% (P = 0.74). Conclusions: In keeping with recently published evidence, young age at diagnosis with anterior tongue cancer did not portend worse outcome. There is therefore currently no strong evidence to support a different treatment approach in young patients. [source] The epidemiology of tongue cancer: a review of global incidenceORAL DISEASES, Issue 2 2000SR Moore The tongue (141 ICD-9) is the most common intraoral site for cancer in most countries, however its global epidemiology shows significant geographic variation. This review paper summarises the global incidence of cancer of the tongue using cancer maps and references to recent studies from various locations. Tongue cancer remains a serious health problem in many countries including India (male incidence rates up to 6.5 per 100 000 per annum) and parts of Europe (male incidence rates in France up to 8.0 per 100 000 per annum). It is noted that as with other forms of oral cancer the majority of population-based data for tongue cancer comes from the Western world with a paucity of reliable data from the so-called developing countries. The tongue remains the most common intraoral site for oral cancer worldwide and in a number of countries it is a serious public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. While the incidence of tongue cancer appears to be stable or falling in some regions of the world, in other areas it is rising, particularly among younger people. [source] Sympathectomy suppresses tumor growth and alters gene-expression profiles in rat tongue cancerEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2009Bina Raju Sympathetic nerves are known to affect carcinogenesis. Recently we found that sympathetic denervation decreases the size of rat tongue tumors. To identify genes involved in rat tongue carcinogenesis and to study the effect of sympathetic nerves on these genes, we compared gene-expression profiles in normal rat tongue (control) and in tumor-induced tongues with (SCGx) and without (Sham) bilateral sympathectomy. Significance analysis of microarrays revealed 280 genes (168 up-regulated, 112 down-regulated) that showed at least a twofold differential expression between Sham and SCGx tumors (false discovery rate < 5%). These included genes associated with cell adhesion, signaling, structure, proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, development, and immunity. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated that controls and sympathectomized tumors grouped together, while Sham tumors grouped separately. We identified 34 genes, known to be involved in carcinogenesis, that were not differentially expressed between sympathectomized tumors and control tongues, but which showed a significant change in expression in Sham tumors. Microarray results of 12 of these genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription,polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, sympathectomy significantly altered the gene-expression profile and inhibited tumor growth. The expression of several cancer genes were increased more than threefold in Sham tumors, but unaltered in the sympathectomized tumors when compared with controls, indicating that these genes may be of significance in rat tongue carcinogenesis. [source] Involved margin of tongue cancer: The impact of tumor satellites on prognosisHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 7 2008Tsung-Lin Yang MD Abstract Background Surgical margin is important to evaluate the adequacy of surgery related to tongue cancer. Despite the distances of margins, tumor components comprising the involved margins should also be investigated. Our aim was to explore the influences of tumor satellites on the clinical outcomes of involved margins. Methods Two hundred twenty-five patients with fresh tongue cancer were investigated. Nineteen patients with pathologically confirmed involved margins were enrolled. Based on the analysis of tumor components of involved margins, they were classified into 2 groups of either tumor-satellite involved margins (SMs) or main-tumor involved margins (MMs). Results The results showed that the clinical stages distribution was different: advanced stages in the MM group, and earlier in SM (p = .028). SM group had a higher incidence of neck recurrence (p = .040). Nonetheless, no difference in the disease-specific survival was noted. Conclusion Tumor-satellite involved margins should be regarded as a worse prognosticator in tongue cancer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008 [source] Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in never smoker,never drinkers: A descriptive epidemiologic studyHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 1 2008Kristina R. Dahlstrom BS Abstract Background. While the attributed risk factors for the vast majority of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) are smoking and alcohol abuse, there appears to be a rising proportion of SCCHN patients who report no significant smoking or drinking history. This study reports the demographic and potential risk factors of a large series of never smoker,never drinker (NSND) patients. Methods. All subjects were participants in a prospective epidemiologic study of incident SCCHN. We obtained demographic data, clinical characteristics, and potential etiologic factors for 172 NSND patients and 1131 ever smoker,ever drinker (ESED) patients. Results. NSND patients were more likely to be female and to present at extremes of age, but overall were significantly younger than ESED patients. NSND patients had a higher proportion of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers than ESED patients had. Eleven percent of NSND patients (17% of NSND men) reported regular use of noncigarette tobacco products or marijuana, 41% (45% of NSND women) reported regular environmental exposure to tobacco smoke, 24% (36% of NSND men) reported regular occupational exposures to carcinogens/toxins, and 30% had a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. More than half the NSND patients with an oropharyngeal primary were serologically positive for human papillomavirus type 16. Conclusion. NSND patients with SCCHN are commonly young women with oral tongue cancer, elderly women with gingival/buccal cancer, or young to middle-aged men with oropharyngeal cancer. While several exposures studied may be important to the etiology of a subset of these cancers in NSND patients, it is likely that no single known factor is responsible for a majority of SCCHN in NSNDs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008 [source] Noninvasive quantitative assessment of oral tongue cancer by intraoral ultrasonographyHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 4 2007Masashi Yamane DDS Abstract Background. To assess tissue characterization of oral tongue cancer and prediction of subclinical cervical lymph node metastasis, we investigated whether intraoral ultrasonography could be used in conjunction with a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. Methods. The study population comprised 109 patients with presurgical, clinical T1N0 or T2N0 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma who underwent partial glossectomy. All the patients were examined by preoperative intraoral and postoperative exvivo ultrasonography. To evaluate the ultrasonic imagesquantitatively, ultrasonographic parameters from tumor contour features were computed by using the proposed CAD system. The imaging results were correlated with histopathologic findings. Results. Oral tongue cancer was clearly identified in all patients by intraoral ultrasonography. Ultrasonic images of oral tongue cancer reflected the histopathologic structures. Subclinical cervical lymph node metastasis was predicted by intraoral ultrasonography. In a logistic regression analysis using the proposed CAD system, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for prediction of subclinical lymph node metastasis were 87.2%, 84.3%, and 85.3%, respectively. Conclusions. Intraoral ultrasonography in conjunction with the proposed CAD system allows tissue characterization and prediction of subclinical cervical lymph node metastasis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007. [source] The role of human papillomavirus in the increased incidence of base of tongue cancerINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 12 2010Per Attner Abstract Numerous reports have shown that the incidence for oropharyngeal cancer is increasing and that human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor. However, few studies have investigated the specific subsites of the oropharynx. Following our previous research on tonsillar cancer, we assessed the increase in the incidence of base of tongue cancer and the prevalence of HPV in this disease. Between 1998 and 2007, 109 patients were diagnosed for base of tongue cancer in Stockholm county. Ninety-five paraffin-embedded diagnostic tumor biopsies from patients were obtained and tested for HPV, both by general HPV PCR and HPV-16/HPV-33 type-specific PCR. Expression of HPV-16 RNA was analyzed to confirm E6 and/or E7 expression. Incidence data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. An overall increase in the incidence of base of tongue cancer from 0.15/100,000 person-years during 1970,1974 to 0.47/100,000 person-years during 2005,2007 was found in Sweden. The prevalence of HPV in base of tongue cancer in Stockholm county increased from 58% during 1998,2001 to 84% during 2004,2007 (p < 0.05). In the HPV-positive tumors, HPV-16 dominated (86%) but interestingly, HPV33 was detected in as many as 10%. E6 and/or E7 RNA were found in 85% of the samples tested. The incidence of base of tongue cancer, as well as the proportion of HPV-positive tumors, has increased in Sweden during the study period, suggesting that HPV may contribute to this increase. [source] The epidemiology of tongue cancer: a review of global incidenceORAL DISEASES, Issue 2 2000SR Moore The tongue (141 ICD-9) is the most common intraoral site for cancer in most countries, however its global epidemiology shows significant geographic variation. This review paper summarises the global incidence of cancer of the tongue using cancer maps and references to recent studies from various locations. Tongue cancer remains a serious health problem in many countries including India (male incidence rates up to 6.5 per 100 000 per annum) and parts of Europe (male incidence rates in France up to 8.0 per 100 000 per annum). It is noted that as with other forms of oral cancer the majority of population-based data for tongue cancer comes from the Western world with a paucity of reliable data from the so-called developing countries. The tongue remains the most common intraoral site for oral cancer worldwide and in a number of countries it is a serious public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. While the incidence of tongue cancer appears to be stable or falling in some regions of the world, in other areas it is rising, particularly among younger people. [source] Distributions of Cervical Lymph Node Metastases in Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: Therapeutic Implications for the N0 NeckTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 7 2006Young Chang Lim MD Abstract Objectives: This study sought to investigate the patterns and distributions of lymph node metastases in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and improve the rationale for elective treatment of N0 neck. Materials and Methods: One hundred four patients with oropharyngeal SCC who underwent neck dissection between 1992 and 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had curative surgery as their initial treatment for the primary tumor and neck. A total of 161 neck dissections on both sides of the neck were performed. Therapeutic dissections were done in 71 and 5 necks and elective neck dissection was done on 33 and 52 necks on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides, respectively. Surgical treatment was followed by postoperative radiotherapy for 78 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 96 months (mean, 30 months). Results: Of the 161 neck dissection specimens evaluated, 90 (56%) necks were found to have lymph node metastases found by pathologic examination. These consisted of 76 (73% of 104 necks) of the ipsilateral side and 14 (25% of 57 necks) of the contralateral side dissections. The occult metastatic rate was 24% (8 of 33) of ipsilateral neck samples and 21% (11 of 52) of contralateral neck samples. Of the 68 patients who had a therapeutic dissection on the ipsilateral side and had lymphatic metastasis, the incidence rate of level IV and level I metastasis was 37% (25 of 68) and 10% (7 of 68), respectively. Isolated metastasis to level IV occurred on the ipsilateral side in three patients. There were no cases of isolated ipsilateral level I pathologic involvement in an N-positive neck or occult metastasis to this group. The incidence rate of level IV metastasis in patients with ipsilateral nodal metastasis was significantly higher in base of tongue cancer (86% [6 of 7]) compared with tonsillar cancer (34% [20 of 59]) (P = .013). Patients with level IV metastasis had significantly worse 5-year disease-free survival rates than patients with metastasis to other neck levels (54% versus 71%; P = .04). Conclusion: These results suggest that elective N0 neck treatment in patients with oropharyngeal SCC, especially base of tongue cancer, should include neck levels II, III, and IV instead of levels I, II, and III. [source] ANTERIOR TONGUE CANCER: AGE IS NOT A PREDICTOR OF OUTCOME AND SHOULD NOT ALTER TREATMENTANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 11 2003Michael J. Veness Background: Mucosal head and neck cancers usually occur in older males after years of smoking and alcohol abuse. Despite this, approximately 5% of cases occur in young adults. The aetiology remains unclear and the anterior tongue is a prevalent site. Prognosis has been reported as worse in young patients and some have proposed a more aggressive treatment approach. Methods: Patients diagnosed with previously untreated anterior tongue squamous cell carcinoma and treated with curative intent were identified. Retrospective and prospective data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken using Cox regression analysis. The outcome of patients treated with anterior tongue cancer using a cut-off age of 40 years was compared. Results: Between 1980 and 2000, 106 males and 58 females with anterior tongue squamous cell carcinoma were treated at Westmead Hospital. Median follow up was 47 months (6,210 months). Twenty-two patients (13.4%) were aged ,40 years. Other than age, patient demographics, TNM stage and treatment approach were similar between the two groups. Eighty-one per cent had either a T1 or T2 primary. In total, 139 patients (84.8%) had surgery or surgery and radiotherapy. A total of 56 (34%) patients experienced a recurrent event, with nodal recurrence occurring most often as the first site (n = 33, 59%). Young patients had a higher recurrence rate (45.5% vs 32.4%; P = 0.23). Relapse-free survival at 5 years was 62% versus 81% (P = 0.27). Overall survival at 5 years was 65% versus 67% (P = 0.74). Conclusions: In keeping with recently published evidence, young age at diagnosis with anterior tongue cancer did not portend worse outcome. There is therefore currently no strong evidence to support a different treatment approach in young patients. [source] A case of tongue carcinoma associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantationAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2 2010K Noguchi Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can occur at various sites, including the oral mucosa, where it is associated with a high risk of head and neck cancer. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman with tongue cancer that developed following Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic GVHD, and we discuss the possible causes of cancer development. [source] Compliance with quality assurance measures in patients treated for early oral tongue cancerCANCER, Issue 14 2010Amy C. Hessel MD Abstract BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify measurable parameters that provide quality data for assessing how well cancer care adheres to accepted treatment guidelines and is delivered to any given patient with oral tongue cancer. METHODS: A retrospective chart review included 116 patients treated for T1-T2/N0-N1 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue between 1998 and 2003. A set of quality measures considered critical for outcome included: 1) accurate TNM staging at presentation, 2) documentation of margin status, 3) appropriate referral for adjuvant radiation therapy, and 4) neck dissection for depth of invasion >4 mm. In addition, 26 clinical endpoints involving pretreatment assessment, staging, treatment, surveillance, and symptom control were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients comprised 73 men and 43 women (median age, 57 years). Forty-one (35.3%) patients presented with stage I disease, 61 (52.6%) with stage II, and 14 (12.1%) with stage III. The overall 5-year survival rate for all patients was 68.6%. There was a 90.5% compliance with TNM staging at presentation, 99.1% for documentation of margin status, 98.2% for adequate referral to radiation therapy, and 88.7% for appropriate neck dissection based on depth of invasion. Compliance with clinical endpoints was variable and ranged from 100% for endpoints related to radiation therapy to <40% for endpoints related to speech pathology and rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Overall compliance with documenting the 4 parameters designated as quality measures for treatment of oral tongue SCC was acceptable, thus demonstrating that it is possible to use these data for measuring effective cancer care. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. [source] Tongue cancer patients have a high frequency of allelic loss at the von Hippel-Lindau gene and other loci on 3pCANCER, Issue 3 2008Takeshi Asakawa MD Abstract BACKGROUND. Although genetic abnormalities on 3p have been suggested to be linked to the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, to the authors' knowledge no study to date has examined such genetic abnormalities in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. In the current study, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was evaluated at several loci within 3p, including the von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL), in samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, the coding region of the intact VHL allele was screened for sequence mutations. METHODS. DNA was extracted from tumor and nontumor tissues collected from 28 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. LOH was investigated by analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms within exon 3 of VHL and by microsatellite analysis within another 10 loci. Mutation analysis of the VHL gene was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the coding region of the gene. RESULTS. LOH within VHL was found at a high frequency (45.5%) within the tumor. However, mutations of the VHL gene were not detected in all tumor samples. LOH of other microsatellite markers on 3p was observed in 27.3% to 50% of tumor samples. Eleven (58%) of 19 samples that were informative at more than 2 loci exhibited LOH of at least 1 locus; 10 of these 11 cases exhibited LOH at multiple loci. CONCLUSIONS. A wide range of deletions in 3p, including at the VHL gene, may play a role in the development of tongue cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||