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Tissue Target (tissue + target)
Selected AbstractsTranscriptional response to aging and caloric restriction in heart and adipose tissueAGING CELL, Issue 5 2007Nancy J. Linford Summary Sustained caloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan in animal models but the mechanism and primary tissue target(s) have not been identified. Gene expression changes with aging and CR were examined in both heart and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Fischer 344 (F344) male rats using Affymetrix® RAE 230 arrays and validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase,polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on 18 genes. As expected, age had a substantial effect on transcription on both tissues, although only 21% of cardiac age-associated genes were also altered in WAT. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed coordinated small magnitude changes in ribosomal, proteasomal, and mitochondrial genes with similarities in aging between heart and WAT. CR had very different effects on these two tissues at the transcriptional level. In heart, very few age-associated expression changes were affected by CR, while in WAT, CR suppressed a substantial subset of the age-associated changes. Genes unaltered by aging but altered by CR were identified in WAT but not heart. Most interestingly, we identified a gene expression signature associated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity that was down-regulated with age but preserved by CR in both WAT and heart. In addition, lipid metabolism genes, particularly those associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor , (PPAR,)-mediated adipogenesis were reduced with age but preserved with CR in WAT. These results highlight tissue-specific differences in the gene expression response to CR and support a role for CR-mediated preservation of mTOR activity and adipogenesis in aging WAT. [source] Electromagnetic Field Treatment of Nerve Crush Injury in a Rat Model: Effect of Signal Configuration on Functional RecoveryBIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 4 2007Janet L. Walker Abstract Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been demonstrated to enhance mammalian peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Using an EMF signal shown to enhance neurite outgrowth in vitro, we tested this field in vivo using three different amplitudes. The rat sciatic nerve was crushed. Whole body exposure was performed for 4 h/day for 5 days in a 96-turn solenoid coil controlled by a signal generator and power amplifier. The induced electric field at the target tissue consisted of a bipolar rectangular pulse, having 1 and 0.3 ms durations in each polarity, respectively. Pulse repetition rate was 2 per second. By varying the current, the coils produced fields consisting of sham (no current) and peak magnetic fields of 0.03 mT, 0.3 mT, and 3 mT, corresponding to peak induced electric fields of 1, 10, and 100 µV/cm, respectively, at the tissue target. Walking function was assessed over 43 days using video recording and measurement of the 1,5 toe-spread, using an imaging program. Comparing injured to uninjured hind limbs, mean responses were evaluated using a linear mixed statistical model. There was no difference found in recovery of the toe-spread function between any EMF treatments compared to sham. Bioelectromagnetics 28:256,263, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cytologic diagnosis of osseous lesions: A review with emphasis on the diagnosis of primary neoplasms of boneDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 4 2009Lester J. Layfield M.D. Abstract Fine-needle aspiration has been utilized as the initial diagnostic technique at a large number of body sites for over three quarters of a century. As early as the 1930s, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was used to investigate lesions of the musculoskeletal system. In many early reports, FNA was most frequently and successfully used for the diagnosis of metastatic disease to bone. Less emphasis was placed on its utility for the investigation of primary neoplasms of bone and soft tissue. Current utilization of FNA continues to de-emphasize its application to the diagnosis of primary lesions of the musculoskeletal system. Recent advances in imaging techniques, immunohistochemistry, and molecular diagnostics along with an increasing familiarity among pathologists with the cytologic appearance of primary osseous tumors has led to reevaluation of the technique for investigation of these tumors. The diagnostic accuracy of FNA along with its relatively low cost and high degree of safety makes it a desirable technique for the investigation of primary lesions of the musculoskeletal system. This article reviews issues of diagnostic accuracy, optimal practice procedures, and benefits of the technique including cost reduction. The article will review criteria for selection of appropriate tissue targets for FNA to reduce the number of unsatisfactory specimens. Cytomorphologic features of the more common primary neoplasms of bone will be summarized along with recommendations for the utilization of immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics in the work-up of primary neoplasms of bone. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Fractional deep dermal ablation induces tissue tightening,LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 2 2009Zakia Rahman MD Abstract Background and Objective Due to the significant risk profile associated with traditional ablative resurfacing, a safer and less invasive treatment approach known as fractional deep dermal ablation (FDDAÔ) was recently developed. We report the results of the first clinical investigation of this modality for treatment of photodamaged skin. Study Design/Materials and Methods Twenty-four subjects received treatments on the inner forearm with a prototype fractional CO2 laser device (Reliant Technologies Inc., Mountain View, CA) at settings of 5,40 mJ/MTZ and 400 MTZ/cm2. Clinical and histological effects were assessed by study investigators 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months following treatment. Thirty subjects were then enrolled in a multi-center study for treatment of photodamage using the same device. Subjects received 1,2 treatments on the face and neck, with energies ranging from 10 to 40 mJ/MTZ and densities ranging from 400 to 1,200 MTZ/cm2. Study investigators assessed severity of post-treatment responses during follow-up visits 48 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months following treatment. Using a standard quartile improvement scale (0,4), subjects and investigators assessed improvement in rhytides, pigmentation, texture, laxity and overall appearance 1 and 3 months post-treatment. Results Clinical and histologic results demonstrated that fractional delivery of a 10,600 nm CO2 laser source offers an improved safety profile with respect to traditional ablative resurfacing, while still effectively resurfacing epidermal and dermal tissue. Forearm and facial treatments were well-tolerated with no serious adverse events observed. Eighty-three percent of subjects exhibited moderate or better overall improvement (50,100%), according to study investigator quartile scoring. Conclusions FDDAÔ treatment is a safe and promising new approach for resurfacing of epidermal and deep dermal tissue targets. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:78,86, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||