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Tissue Reconstruction (tissue + reconstruction)
Selected AbstractsSquamous cell carcinoma arising in the skin of a deltopectoral flap 27 years after pharyngeal reconstruction,HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 1 2002Tim A. Iseli MBBS Abstract Background Development of a second primary squamous cell carcinoma in the skin of a flap used for pharyngeal reconstruction is rare. Methods A case of squamous cell carcinoma is presented arising in a deltopectoral flap used to reconstruct the hypopharynx 27 years after total laryngectomy. Three previous reports found on review of the literature are summarized. Results A second primary squamous cell carcinoma may arise in the skin of a myocutaneous flap in the absence of any obvious risk factors. Conclusion We suspect that long-term exposure of the skin of the flap lining the pharynx to saliva may have been a significant factor in the development of this malignancy. Long-term follow up and awareness of this complication is required for patients with soft tissue reconstruction of the oral cavity and pharynx. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 24: 87,90, 2002. [source] Scaffold Design and Manufacturing: From Concept to ClinicADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 32-33 2009Scott J. Hollister Abstract Since Robert Langer and colleagues pioneered the concept of reconstructing tissue using cells transplanted on synthetic polymer matrices in the early 1990s, research in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has exploded. This is especially true in the development of new materials and structures that serve as scaffolds for tissue reconstruction. The basic tenet of the last two decades holds scaffolds as degradable materials providing temporary function while enhancing tissue regeneration through the delivery of biologics. Although a number of new scaffolding materials and structures have been developed in research laboratories, the application of such materials practice even has been extremely limited. This paper argues that better integration of all these factors is needed to bring scaffolds from "concept to clinic". It reviews current work in all these areas and suggests where future work and funding is needed. [source] Skeletal muscle tissue engineeringJOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Issue 4 2004A. D. Bach Abstract The reconstruction of skeletal muscle tissue either lost by traumatic injury or tumor ablation or functional damage due to myopathies is hampered by the lack of availability of functional substitution of this native tissue. Until now, only few alternatives exist to provide functional restoration of damaged muscle tissues. Loss of muscle mass and their function can surgically managed in part using a variety of muscle transplantation or transposition techniques. These techniques represent a limited degree of success in attempts to restore the normal functioning, however they are not perfect solutions. A new alternative approach to addresssing difficult tissue reconstruction is to engineer new tissues. Although those tissue engineering techniques attempting regeneration of human tissues and organs have recently entered into clinical practice, the engineering of skletal muscle tissue ist still a scientific challenge. This article reviews some of the recent findings resulting from tissue engineering science related to the attempt of creation and regeneration of functional skeletal muscle tissue. [source] Ischial pressure sores: Reconstruction using the perforator-based reverse flow musculocutaneous 180° propeller flapMICROSURGERY, Issue 8 2009Rafael G. Jakubietz M.D. The treatment of pressure sores requires soft tissue reconstruction with thick tissue to provide padding of bony prominences and obliterate dead space. Fasciocutaneous flaps may not provide adequate bulk. Propeller flaps (180°) based on perforators from the gluteal artery may be harvested as a reverse flow musculocutaneous flap including a muscle plug to reconstruct deep cavities. Three patients presenting with deep pressure sores required reconstruction of large cavities. In addition to a regular 180° propeller flap, a muscle plug based on a perforator found in the blade of the propeller was used to add bulk to the flap and obliterate the cavity with well-vascularized tissue. One flap required secondary closure of the donor site due to dehiscence, one hematoma required drainage. All flaps survived completely. No recurrence of osteomyelitis or pressure sores was seen. The 180° propeller flap can be harvested as a reverse flow musculocutaneous flap including a muscle plug in the distal blade. This adds volume which is required to adequately obliterate large cavities in cases of osteomyelitis. This new technique may be useful in other areas as well. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009. [source] Selection of recipient vessels in microsurgical free tissue reconstruction of head and neck defectsMICROSURGERY, Issue 7 2007Sukru Yazar M.D. The development of microsurgical techniques has facilitated proper management of extensive head and neck defects and deformities. Bone or soft tissue can be selected to permit reconstruction with functional and aesthetic results. However, for free tissue transfer to be successful, proper selection of receipient vessels is as essential as the many other factors that affect the final result. In this article selection strategies for recipient vessels for osteocutaneous free flaps, soft tissue free flaps, previously dissected and irradiated areas, recurrent and subsequent secondary reconstructions, simultaneous double free flap transfers in reconstruction of extensive composite head and neck defects, and the selection of recipient veins are reviewed in order to provide an algorithm for the selection of recipient vessels for head and neck reconstruction. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007. [source] Regenerative approaches in the craniofacial region: manipulating cellular progenitors for oro-facial repairORAL DISEASES, Issue 5 2007PG Buxton This review aims to highlight the potential for regeneration that resides within the bony tissues of the craniofacial region. We examine the five main cues which determine osteogenic differentiation: heritage of the cell, mechanical cues, the influence of the matrix, growth factor stimulation and cell-to-cell contact. We review how successful clinical procedures, such as guided tissue regeneration and distraction osteogenesis exploit this resident ability. We explore the developmental origins of the flat bones of the skull to see how such programmes of differentiation may inform new therapies or regenerative techniques. Finally we compare and contrast existing approaches of hard tissue reconstruction with future approaches inspired by the regenerative medicine philosophy, with particular emphasis on the potential for using chondrocyte-inspired factors and replaceable scaffolds. [source] Tissue Engineering of Urethra Using Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene-Modified Bladder Urothelial CellsARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 2 2008Yong Guan Abstract:, Acquired or congenital abnormalities may lead to urethral damage or loss, often requiring surgical reconstruction. Urethrocutaneous fistula and strictures are common complications, due to inadequate blood supply. Thus, adequate blood supply is a key factor for successful urethral tissue reconstruction. In this study, urethral grafts were prepared by seeding rabbit bladder urothelial cells (UCs) modified with human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) gene in the decellularized artery matrix. A retroviral pMSCV-VEGF165 -GFP vector was cloned by insertion of VEGF open reading frame into the vector pMSCV-GFP (murine stem cell virus [MSCV]; green fluorescent protein [GFP]). Retrovirus was generated using package cell line 293T. Rabbit UCs were expanded ex vivo and modified with either MSCV-VEGF165 -GFP or control MSCV-GFP retrovirus. Transduction efficiency was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The expression of VEGF165 was examined by immunofluorescence, reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Decellularized rabbit artery matrix was seeded with genetically modified UCs and was subsequently cultured for 1 week prior to subcutaneous implantation into nude mice. Four weeks after implantation, the implants were harvested and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, and by histologic and immunohistochemical staining. Ex vivo transduction efficiency of UCs was greater than 50% when concentrated retrovirus was used. The modified cells expressed both VEGF and GFP protein. Furthermore, the VEGF-modified UCs secreted VEGF in a time-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy and histochemical analysis of cross sections of the cultured urethral grafts showed that the seeded cells were attached and proliferated on the luminal surface of the decellularized artery matrix. In the subcutaneously implanted vessels, VEGF-modified cells significantly enhanced neovascularization and the formation of a urethral layer compared to GFP-modified cells. These results indicate that VEGF gene therapy may be a suitable approach to increase the blood supply in tissue engineering for treatment of urethral damage or loss. [source] | ||||||||||