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Tick Loads (tick + load)

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Life Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Tick prevalence and species diversity on Aldabran giant tortoises (Dipsochelys dussumieri) in relation to host range and host size in a restored ecosystem, Kenya

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Sharon Okanga
Abstract Tick species density and diversity on Aldabran tortoises was investigated in relation to the habitat range and size of each tortoise. Identification of tick infestation patterns forms an important aspect of effective tick control. Ten Aldabran tortoises were de-ticked and monitored over the course of 2 months. Tick species found were Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma nuttalli, Amblyomma hebraeum and Boophilus decoloratus, with the most prevalent species found being A. sparsum. Tick loads varied considerably from 20 to 214 ticks per tortoise, with most ticks collected from the head/neck region. Tortoises ranging outside Haller Park had higher tick loads (70,214) compared with tortoises ranging within Haller Park (20,99). Tick load was not correlated with tortoise size. Results indicate that tick loads are related to the habitat range of the tortoises and may indirectly also be related to food preference and host food availability. Implications of the findings and appropriate tick control measures are discussed. Résumé On a étudié la densité et la diversité des espèces de tiques sur les tortues d'Aldabra, en relation avec la répartition et la taille de l'habitat de chaque tortue. L'identification des schémas d'infestation par les tiques est un aspect important du contrôle efficace des tiques. On a enlevé toutes les tiques de dix tortues d'Aldabra et on les a surveillées pendant deux mois. Les espèces trouvées étaient Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma nuttalli, Amblyomma hebraeum et Boophilus decoloratus, l'espèce prévalente étant A. sparsum. Le nombre de tiques variait considérablement, allant de 20 à 214 par tortue, le plus grand nombre étant récolté dans la région de la tête et du cou. Les tortues vivant en dehors du Haller Park étaient plus infestées par les tiques (70,214) que celles de l'intérieur du parc (20,99). L'infestation par les tiques n'était pas lièe à la taille des tortues. Les résultats montrent que les infestations sont liées à l'habitat des tortues et qu'elles peuvent être indirectement liées à leurs préférences alimentaires et à la disponibilité de la nourriture pour leurs hôtes. On discute des implications de ces découvertes et de mesures appropriées pour le contrôle des tiques. [source]

Seasonal and spatial dynamics of ectoparasite infestation of a threatened reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)

MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
S. S. GODFREY
Abstract The conservation of threatened vertebrate species and their threatened parasites requires an understanding of the factors influencing their distribution and dynamics. This is particularly important for species maintained in conservation reserves at high densities, where increased contact among hosts could lead to increased rates of parasitism. The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) (Reptilia: Sphenodontia) is a threatened reptile that persists at high densities in forests (, 2700 tuatara/ha) and lower densities in pastures and shrubland (< 200 tuatara/ha) on Stephens Island, New Zealand. We investigated the lifecycles and seasonal dynamics of infestation of two ectoparasites (the tuatara tick, Amblyomma sphenodonti, and trombiculid mites, Neotrombicula sp.) in a mark-recapture study in three forest study plots from November 2004 to March 2007, and compared infestation levels among habitat types in March 2006. Tick loads were lowest over summer and peaked from late autumn (May) until early spring (September). Mating and engorgement of female ticks was highest over spring, and larval tick loads subsequently increased in early autumn (March). Nymphal tick loads increased in September, and adult tick loads increased in May. Our findings suggest the tuatara tick has a 2- or 3-year lifecycle. Mite loads were highest over summer and autumn, and peaked in March. Prevalences (proportion of hosts infected) and densities (estimated number of parasites per hectare) of ticks were similar among habitats, but tick loads (parasites per host) were higher in pastures than in forests and shrub. The prevalence and density of mites was higher in forests than in pasture or shrub, but mite loads were similar among habitats. We suggest that a higher density of tuatara in forests may reduce the ectoparasite loads of individuals through a dilution effect. Understanding host,parasite dynamics will help in the conservation management of both the host and its parasites. [source]

Tick prevalence and species diversity on Aldabran giant tortoises (Dipsochelys dussumieri) in relation to host range and host size in a restored ecosystem, Kenya

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Sharon Okanga
Abstract Tick species density and diversity on Aldabran tortoises was investigated in relation to the habitat range and size of each tortoise. Identification of tick infestation patterns forms an important aspect of effective tick control. Ten Aldabran tortoises were de-ticked and monitored over the course of 2 months. Tick species found were Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma nuttalli, Amblyomma hebraeum and Boophilus decoloratus, with the most prevalent species found being A. sparsum. Tick loads varied considerably from 20 to 214 ticks per tortoise, with most ticks collected from the head/neck region. Tortoises ranging outside Haller Park had higher tick loads (70,214) compared with tortoises ranging within Haller Park (20,99). Tick load was not correlated with tortoise size. Results indicate that tick loads are related to the habitat range of the tortoises and may indirectly also be related to food preference and host food availability. Implications of the findings and appropriate tick control measures are discussed. Résumé On a étudié la densité et la diversité des espèces de tiques sur les tortues d'Aldabra, en relation avec la répartition et la taille de l'habitat de chaque tortue. L'identification des schémas d'infestation par les tiques est un aspect important du contrôle efficace des tiques. On a enlevé toutes les tiques de dix tortues d'Aldabra et on les a surveillées pendant deux mois. Les espèces trouvées étaient Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma nuttalli, Amblyomma hebraeum et Boophilus decoloratus, l'espèce prévalente étant A. sparsum. Le nombre de tiques variait considérablement, allant de 20 à 214 par tortue, le plus grand nombre étant récolté dans la région de la tête et du cou. Les tortues vivant en dehors du Haller Park étaient plus infestées par les tiques (70,214) que celles de l'intérieur du parc (20,99). L'infestation par les tiques n'était pas lièe à la taille des tortues. Les résultats montrent que les infestations sont liées à l'habitat des tortues et qu'elles peuvent être indirectement liées à leurs préférences alimentaires et à la disponibilité de la nourriture pour leurs hôtes. On discute des implications de ces découvertes et de mesures appropriées pour le contrôle des tiques. [source]

Seasonal and spatial dynamics of ectoparasite infestation of a threatened reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)

MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
S. S. GODFREY
Abstract The conservation of threatened vertebrate species and their threatened parasites requires an understanding of the factors influencing their distribution and dynamics. This is particularly important for species maintained in conservation reserves at high densities, where increased contact among hosts could lead to increased rates of parasitism. The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) (Reptilia: Sphenodontia) is a threatened reptile that persists at high densities in forests (, 2700 tuatara/ha) and lower densities in pastures and shrubland (< 200 tuatara/ha) on Stephens Island, New Zealand. We investigated the lifecycles and seasonal dynamics of infestation of two ectoparasites (the tuatara tick, Amblyomma sphenodonti, and trombiculid mites, Neotrombicula sp.) in a mark-recapture study in three forest study plots from November 2004 to March 2007, and compared infestation levels among habitat types in March 2006. Tick loads were lowest over summer and peaked from late autumn (May) until early spring (September). Mating and engorgement of female ticks was highest over spring, and larval tick loads subsequently increased in early autumn (March). Nymphal tick loads increased in September, and adult tick loads increased in May. Our findings suggest the tuatara tick has a 2- or 3-year lifecycle. Mite loads were highest over summer and autumn, and peaked in March. Prevalences (proportion of hosts infected) and densities (estimated number of parasites per hectare) of ticks were similar among habitats, but tick loads (parasites per host) were higher in pastures than in forests and shrub. The prevalence and density of mites was higher in forests than in pasture or shrub, but mite loads were similar among habitats. We suggest that a higher density of tuatara in forests may reduce the ectoparasite loads of individuals through a dilution effect. Understanding host,parasite dynamics will help in the conservation management of both the host and its parasites. [source]