			Home About us Contact

Third Millennium BC (third + millennium_bc)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	83%

Selected Abstracts

The Earliest Evidence for Metal Bridle Parts

OXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 4 2001
M.A. Littauer
Recent discoveries in different parts of the Near East have led the authors to reconsider the early history of metal driving bits. These now seem to go back into the third millennium BC, which is much earlier that the evidence previously indicated. The paper also includes a brief discussion of the links , if these existed at all , with early bridle bits made of organic materials from the southern Urals,Volga area. [source]

Early Dilmun and its rulers: new evidence of the burial mounds of the elite and the development of social complexity, c. 2200,1750 BC

ARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 2 2008
Steffen Terp Laursen
This paper deals with the social organisation of early Dilmun in Bahrain based on evidence from the burial mound record. Complete aerial photography survey and mapping have documented the extensive mound fields of Bahrain in their entirety and revealed a new and rare type of burial mound encircled by an outer ring wall. From the spatial distribution and appearance of these ,ring mounds' it is argued that they cover the time span 2200,1750 BC. It is further argued that the ring mounds reflect the entombment of a prominent segment of early Dilmun society and thus testify to the presence of a social elite as early as the late third millennium BC. The paper offers evidence supporting the view that fundamental changes in the size of the ring wall and the encircled mound occurred over time, culminating in the colossal ,royal' mounds near Aali village. The increase in size of the special mounds and the exclusive appearance of the type in the Aali cemetery after the emergence of ten concentrated cemeteries around 2050 BC are correlated with the already available evidence of increasing social complexity in Dilmun. Three clusters of ring mounds in Aali are argued to reflect the appearance of one or more ruling lineages that were ultimately to found the colony on Failaka, Kuwait, and rule not only Bahrain but also the adjacent coast of Saudi Arabia. [source]

In the beginning: Marhashi and the origins of Magan's ceramic industry in the third millennium BC

ARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 1 2005
D.T. Potts
Ceramics from the Jiroft plain in southeastern Iran are compared with material of Umm an-Nar-type dating to the mid- and late third millennium BC in the Oman Peninsula. Technological and stylistic comparisons suggest the strong possibility that potters from the Iranian side of the Straits of Hormuz may have been the instigators of Magan's earliest ceramic industry. [source]

Tepe Ghabristan: a Chalcolithic tell buried in alluvium

ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION, Issue 1 2007
Armin Schmidt
Abstract The Chalcolithic tell of Ghabristan in northwest Iran is now buried by alluvium and a magnetometer survey of the tell and its surroundings was undertaken to reveal any features under this cover. After the abandonment of the tell in the late third millennium BC it was used as an Iron Age cemetery by inhabitants of the neighbouring tell of Sagzabad. The magnetometer data show a related irregularly shaped channel that is also considered to be of Iron Age date. Its shallow burial depth, compared with the thick sedimentary layers underneath, indicates a considerable slowdown of alluviation rates in the second millennium BC, possibly related to environmental changes. The survey also found evidence for undisturbed buried building remains, most likely associated with copper workshops. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

INSIGHTS INTO NORTH MESOPOTAMIAN ,METALLIC WARE'*

ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 2 2006
T. BROEKMANS
With the aim of shedding new light on the still poorly understood North Mesopotamian metallic ware, ceramic and soil samples from Tell Beydar (northeastern Syria, third millennium bc) were investigated using a range of analytical techniques, including optical microscopy, SR,XRD and SEM,EDX. The objective of this work was to differentiate calcareous metallic ware from non-calcareous ware without the aid of chemical analyses and to find further validation of the existing hypothesis that the former group is an imitation of the latter. A third group of metallic wares from Tell Beydar is believed to be of non-local, still regional origin. [source]