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Third Edition (third + edition)
Selected AbstractsNeurology of Hereditary Metabolic Diseases of Children , Third EditionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2007K. A. Jellinger No abstract is available for this article. [source] Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Mortality: Findings from the Cache County StudyJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 6 2005Kathleen M. Hayden PhD Objectives: To evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E (apo E) ,4 and mortality, the population attributable risk for mortality with ,4, and relative contributions of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Community-based. Participants: Permanent residents of Cache County, Utah, aged 65 and older as of January 1, 1995. Measurements: Participants were genotyped at the apo E locus using buccal-swab deoxyribonucleic acid. Cardiovascular health was ascertained using self- or proxy-report interviews at participants' residences. AD was diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders criteria. Utah Department of Vital Statistics quarterly reports were reviewed to identify participants who died. Results: Crude evaluations showed nonsignificantly greater risk of death for ,2/2 (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92,2.76) and ,3/4 (HR=1.11, 95% CI=0.97,1.26) genotypes and significantly greater risk for ,4/4 (HR=1.48, 95% CI=1.09,1.96). After adjustment for age, age2, sex, and education, risks increased to 1.98 (95% CI=1.08,3.35), 1.28 (95% CI=1.12,1.46), and 2.02 (95% CI=1.47,2.71), respectively, compared with ,3/3 genotypes. Adjustment for presence of any CVD did not change the risk of death for ,3/4 and ,4/4. Adjustment for AD reduced the risk of death for ,3/4 (HR=1.13, 95% CI=0.99,1.30) and ,4/4 (HR=1.59, 95% CI=1.15,2.14). The population attributable risk of death for ,3/4 and ,4/4 genotypes combined is estimated at 9.6%. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the ,2/2, ,3/4, and ,4/4 genotypes have greater early mortality risks. Further analyses showed that AD partially mediates the association between ,3/4, ,4/4, and death. [source] Incidence of Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, and Vascular Dementia in Italy.JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 1 2002The ILSA Study OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) in older Italians and evaluate the relationship of age, gender, and education to developing dementia. DESIGN: Cohort incidence study in the context of the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. SETTING: Population sample from eight Italian municipalities. PARTICIPANTS: A dementia-free cohort of 3,208 individuals (aged 65,84), individuated after a baseline evaluation performed in 1992 / 93, aimed at detecting prevalent cases. MEASUREMENTS: The dementia-free cohort was reexamined in 1995 to identify incident cases. The Mini-Mental State Examination (cutoff 23 / 24) was employed to screen for dementia. Trained neurologists evaluated the individuals who screened positive. Final diagnoses had to meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised criteria for dementia, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for AD, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision criteria for VaD. RESULTS: Before the follow-up examination, 382 individuals had died (232 had reliable information). Of the 2,826 survivors, 2,266 completed the study. Overall, 127 new dementia cases were identified. Average incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 12.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 10.23,14.72) for dementia, 6.55 (95% CI = 4.92,8.17) for AD, and 3.30 (95% CI = 2.14,4.45) for VaD. Both AD and VaD showed age-dependent patterns. Education was protective against dementia and AD. Women carried a significantly higher risk of developing AD (hazard ratio = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.02,2.75), and men of developing VaD (hazard ratio = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.06,4.71). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of dementia in Italy paralleled that in most industrialized countries. About 150,000 new cases per year are expected. A significant gender effect was evidenced for major dementia subtypes. The burden of VaD, especially in men, offers opportunities for prevention. [source] Comparison of the WAIS-III and WISC-IV in 16-Year-Old Special Education StudentsJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 2 2010Shirley Gordon Background, Previous research with earlier versions of the WISC and WAIS has demonstrated that when administered to people who have intellectual disabilities, the WAIS produced higher IQ scores than the WISC. The aim of this study was to examine whether these differences still exist. A comparison of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale , Third Edition (WAIS-III) with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children , Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) was conducted with individuals who were 16 years old and receiving special education. Materials and Methods, All participants completed the WAIS-III (UK) and WISC-IV (UK). The order of administration was counterbalanced; the mean Full Scale IQ and Index scores on the WAIS-III and WISC-IV were compared. Results, The WAIS-III mean Full Scale IQ was 11.82 points higher than the mean Full Scale IQ score on the WISC-IV. Significant differences were also found between the Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning/Organization Index and Processing Speed Index on the WAIS-III and WISC-IV, all with the WAIS-III scoring higher. Conclusions, The findings suggest that the WAIS-III produces higher scores than the WISC-IV in people with intellectual disabilities. This has implications for definitions of intellectual disability and suggests that Psychologists should be cautious when interpreting and reporting IQ scores on the WAIS-III and WISC-IV. [source] Comparison of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,Third Edition and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,Third Edition with university studentsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Nancy L. Bell This study examined the relationship between the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,Third Edition (PPVT-III) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,Third Edition (WAIS-III) using 40 adults who ranged in age from 18 to 41 (mean age of 22 years). Participants were administered the PPVT-III and WAIS-III in counterbalanced fashion to control for order effects. Results revealed that the PPVT-III score was related to the WAIS-III Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores but unrelated to the Performance IQ (PIQ) score. In addition, analyses indicated that, while there were no significant differences between the PPVT-III score and WAIS-III mean FSIQ and PIQ scores, the PPVT-III mean score was significantly lower than the WAIS-III VIQ. Further analysis indicated that the PPVT-III adequately estimated WAIS-III FSIQ and VIQ scores for participants who were classified as Average or High Average on the WAIS-III. However, for participants in the Superior range, the PPVT-III tended to underestimate FSIQ and VIQ scores by approximately 10 points. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 417,422, 2001. [source] Emergency Medicine Q&A, Third EditionACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010Lynne McCullough MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] Sensory Processing and Adaptive Behavior Deficits of Children Across the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ContinuumALCOHOLISM, Issue 6 2010Joshua L. Carr Background:, Prenatal alcohol exposure can have detrimental effects on a child's development of adaptive behaviors necessary for success in the areas of academic achievement, socialization, and self-care. Sensory processing abilities have been found to affect a child's ability to successfully perform adaptive behaviors. The current study explored whether significant differences in sensory processing abilities, adaptive behavior, and neurocognitive functioning are observed between children diagnosed with partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pFAS), Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND), or children who were prenatally exposed to alcohol (PEA), but did not meet criteria for an FASD diagnosis. The influence of IQ on adaptive behavior as well as further exploration of the relationship between sensory processing and adaptive behavior deficits among these children was also examined. Methods:, A secondary analysis was conducted on some of the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) scores, Adaptive Behavior Assessment System,Second Edition (ABAS-II) scores, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale,Fourth Edition/Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence,Third Edition (WISC- IV/WPPSI,III) scores of 46 children between 3 and 14 years of age with pFAS, ARND, or who were PEA. Results:, Greater sensory processing deficits were found in children with a diagnosis of pFAS and ARND compared to those in the PEA group. Children with an ARND diagnosis scored significantly worse on measures of adaptive behavior than the PEA group. Children with pFAS scored significantly lower than children with ARND or PEA on perceptual/performance IQ. No correlation was found between IQ scores and adaptive behaviors across the FASD diagnostic categories. A significant positive correlation was found between SSP and ABAS-II scores. Conclusions:, Regardless of the diagnosis received under the FASD umbrella, functional difficulties that could not be observed using traditional measures of intelligence were found, supporting guidelines that a broad range of standardized assessments be included when screening children for FASD. [source] Dissemination of exposure therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder,JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 5 2006Shawn P. Cahill Since the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980), considerable research has demonstrated the efficacy of several cognitive,behavioral therapy (CBT) programs in the treatment of chronic PTSD. Among these efficacious treatments is exposure therapy. Despite all the evidence for the efficacy of exposure therapy and other CBT programs, few therapists are trained in these treatments and few patients receive them. In this article, the authors review extant evidence on the reasons that therapists do not use these treatments and recent research on the dissemination of efficacious treatments of PTSD. [source] Co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder with positive psychotic symptoms in a nationally representative sampleJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 4 2005Jitender Sareen The association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and positive psychotic symptoms was examined in the National Comorbidity Survey (N = 5877). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to make DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) diagnoses. Posttraumatic stress disorder was found to be associated with an increased likelihood of endorsing one or more psychotic symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographics, psychiatric and medical comorbidity (odds ratios (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43,2.45; p < .001). The co-occurrence of PTSD with psychotic symptoms was marked by greater levels of severity (higher total number of PTSD symptoms, greater levels of comorbidity, and high distress) compared with PTSD alone. This is the first population-based study to investigate PTSD in relation to endorsement of positive psychotic symptoms, and a strong association was obtained. [source] Preface and Acknowledgements to the Third EditionAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 5 2000Robert V. Andelson [source] Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Third Edition.PLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2001No abstract is available for this article. [source] Deterioration of intelligence in methamphetamine-induced psychosis: Comparison with alcohol dependence on WAIS-IIIPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 1 2010Shih-Ku Lin md Aims:, Long-term use of methamphetamine could induce psychosis, but consequences with regards to intelligence have seldom been investigated. Long-term use of alcohol could also result in intellectual deterioration. Methods:, The IQ of 34 methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MIP) patients (age, 28.7 ± 6.1 years) and 34 alcohol-dependent (AD) patients (age, 40.7 ± 7.3 years) was compared using the Chinese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,Third Edition (WAIS-III). Results:, The average full-scale IQ, verbal IQ, performance IQ, verbal comprehension index, working memory index, perceptual organization index, and processing speed index was 82.3 ± 10.8, 84.3 ± 11.9, 81.9 ± 12.1, 85.5 ± 11.9, 84.7 ± 12.5, 85.4 ± 13.6, and 78.5 ± 12.7 in MIP patients and 90.5 ± 12.0, 95.2 ± 11.3, 86.0 ± 13.7, 95.5 ± 11.0, 87.1 ± 14.5, 96.2 ± 13.1, and 84.5 ± 15.0 in AD patients, respectively. There were six MIP patients (17.6%) whose full-scale IQ was <70 and 13 (38.2%) whose full-scale IQ was <85 and >70, while one AD patient had a full-scale IQ <70 (2.9%) and 10 (22%) had full-scale IQ <85 and >70. Conclusions:, Long-term use of methamphetamine can result not only in psychosis, but also in mentality deterioration. Intelligence deterioration is more severe in clinical MIP patients than AD patients. Assessment of the mentality of MIP patients is suggested to help with the implementation of rehabilitative programs for these patients. [source] Assessing giftedness with the WISC-III and the SB-IVPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 5 2002Michael Simpson The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Third Edition (WISC-III) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale,Fourth Edition (SB-IV), were administered to 20 gifted children and 20 non-gifted children to examine the extent of the difference in IQ scores obtained on the two tests and whether order effects were present. Results show that the SB-IV Composite Score was significantly higher than the WISC-III Full Scale IQ for both groups. However, for the gifted group, unlike the non-gifted group, this difference achieved significance only when the SB-IV was administered first. When either IQ test was administered to the gifted students for the first time, without the confound of a learning influence, there was no significant difference in mean scores. However, when both tests were administered, it was found that the SB-IV influenced the WISC-III Full Scale IQ in a downward direction whereas the WISC-III influenced the SB-IV Composite Score in an upward direction. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Concurrent validity of the Slosson full-range intelligence test: Comparison with the Wechsler intelligence scale for children,third edition and the Woodcock Johnson tests of achievement,revisedPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 1 2002Nancy L. Bell This study examined the concurrent validity of the Slosson Full-Range Intelligence Test (S-FRIT) by comparing S-FRIT scores to the scores of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Third Edition (WISC-III) and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement,Revised (WJ-R). Data from 123 elementary students' screening and psychological testing results were examined. Results revealed that the S-FRIT scores were more related to overall intelligence, verbal, and math abilities than nonverbal intelligence, reading, or written language abilities. Further, it was found that 89% of the participants' S-FRIT Full-Range IQ scores fell within one standard deviation of their WISC-III FSIQ scores, with an average discrepancy of 7.6 points. Discrepancies between S-FRIT and WISC-III scores were also examined by educational diagnostic categories and ability levels. Limitations and suggestions for future research are provided. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] A Bibliography of the Samaritans: Third Edition: Revised, Expanded, and Annotated , By Alan David Crown and Reinhard PummerRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Craig Evan Anderson No abstract is available for this article. [source] The MTHFR 677C,T polymorphism and behaviors in children with autism: exploratory genotype,phenotype correlationsAUTISM RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Robin P. Goin-Kochel Abstract New evidence suggests that autism may be associated with (a) varied behavioral responses to folate therapy and (b) metabolic anomalies, including those in folate metabolism, that contribute to hypomethylation of DNA. We hypothesized that children with autism who are homozygous for the MTHFR 677 T allele (TT) and, to a lesser extent those with the CT variant, would exhibit more behavioral problems and/or more severe problematic behaviors than homozygous wild-type (CC) individuals because of difficulties in effectively converting 5,10-MTHF to 5-MTHF. Data from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) collection were analyzed for all children who met strict criteria for autism per the Autism Diagnostic Interview,Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and who had been genotyped for the 677 C to T MTHFR polymorphism (n=147). Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and one-way ANOVAs were used to determine whether differences existed among MTHFR genotypes for specific behaviors on the ADI-R and indices for level of functioning. Exploratory results indicated four behaviors from the ADI-R that were more common and problematic (95% CI) among those with at least one copy of the T allele as compared to homozygous wild-type individuals: direct gaze, current complex body movements, a history of self-injurious behavior, and current overactivity (ORs=2.72, 2.33, 2.12, 2.47, respectively). No differences existed among genotypes for level of functioning as measured with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test,Third Edition, Ravens Colored Progressive Matrices, or the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Findings call for further investigation of the relationship between folate metabolism and problem behaviors among children with autism. [source] Essential Cell Biology, Third EditionBIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION, Issue 1 2010Akif Uzman No abstract is available for this article. [source] Buchbesprechung: Organic Coatings , Science and Technology , Third Edition.CHEMIE-INGENIEUR-TECHNIK (CIT), Issue 1-2 2008D. A. Wicks., F. N. Jones, S. P. Pappas, Von Z. W. Wicks Jr. No abstract is available for this article. [source] Late effects of early growth hormone treatment in Down syndromeACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 5 2010Å Myrelid Abstract Objective:, Down syndrome (DS) is associated with short stature and psychomotor delay. We have previously shown that growth hormone (GH) treatment during infancy and childhood normalizes growth velocity and improves fine motor skill performance in DS. The aim of this study was to investigate late effects of early GH treatment on growth and psychomotor development in the DS subjects from the previous trial. Design:, Twelve of 15 adolescents with DS (3 F) from the GH group and 10 of 15 controls (5 F) participated in this follow-up study. Fifteen other subjects with DS (6 F) were included as controls in anthropometric analyses. Cognitive function was assessed with the Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R) and selected subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third edition (WISC-III). The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second edition (BOT-2), was used to assess general motor ability. Results:, Although early GH treatment had no effect on final height, the treated subjects had a greater head circumference standard deviation score (SDS) than the controls (,1.6 SDS vs. ,2.2 SDS). The adolescents previously treated with GH had scores above those of the controls in all subtests of Leiter-R and WISC-III, but no difference in Brief IQ-score was seen between the groups. The age-adjusted motor performance of all subjects was below ,2 SD, but the GH-treated subjects performed better than the controls in all but one subtest. Conclusion:, The combined finding of a greater head circumference SDS and better psychomotor performance indicates that DS subjects may benefit from early GH treatment. [source] Validation of the deCODE Migraine Questionnaire (DMQ3) for use in genetic studiesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 11 2006M. Kirchmann We assessed the reliability of the diagnosis of migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) based on the third edition of the deCODE Migraine Questionnaire (DMQ3) using a physician-conducted interview as an empirical index of validity. Amongst Danish migraine families recruited from specialist practice we selected 200 cases diagnosed according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd Edition in a validated physician-conducted telephone interview: 50 patients with exclusively MA, 50 with both MA and MO, 50 with exclusively MO and 50 controls. A written copy of the DMQ3 was mailed to the participant. The DMQ3-based diagnosis was compared with the interview-based diagnosis. Overall, the DMQ3 diagnosed migraine (MA, MO or both) with a sensitivity of 99% (109/110), a specificity of 86% (32/37) and a kappa statistic of 0.89. The most reliable subtype of migraine was MA (with or without co-occurring attacks of MO) which was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 92% (71/77), a specificity of 93% (65/70) and a kappa statistic of 0.85. Exclusively MO was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 91% (30/33), a specificity of 93% (106/114) and a kappa statistic of 0.80. Weakest was the diagnosis of both MO and MA which was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 63% (24/38), a specificity of 92% (100/109) and a kappa statistic of 0.57. In conclusion, the DMQ3 is a valid tool for diagnosing patients with migraine for genetic studies. [source] Neuropsychological correlates of hippocampal and rhinal cortex volumes in patients with mesial temporal sclerosisHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 8 2003Catherine E. O'Brien Abstract Considerable progress has been made toward understanding the function of the primate rhinal cortex, comprising the entorhinal (ErC) and perirhinal (PrC) cortices. However, translating animal models to human memory has been limited by the technological problems associated with characterizing neural structures in vivo. Functional correlates of hippocampal and rhinal cortex volume changes were examined in a sample of 61 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS; 33 left, 28 right). Patients were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (revised or third edition), the Wechsler Memory Scale (revised or third edition), and a spatial maze task. Neuropsychological data, together with rhinal cortex and hippocampal volumes, collected in our earlier study (O'Brien CE, Bowden SC, Whelan G, Cook MJ, unpublished observations), were analyzed using multiple regression. The only significant predictor of verbal memory function was the difference score between the volume of left hippocampus and the left PrC. Spatial maze scores were predicted by the bilateral sum of ErC volume. The difference score between the left hippocampus and left PrC volumes was the most powerful predictor of verbal episodic memory. Right hippocampal volume was not a significant predictor of nonverbal episodic memory. Verbal and nonverbal semantic memory were not significantly predicted by any combination of rhinal cortex structures. This quantitative study suggests a lateralized or material-specific memory function for the left hippocampus and left PrC, in contrast to the bilateral role of the ErC. The left hippocampus and left PrC appear to act on verbal memory function through an opposing relationship. Finally, differentiation between hippocampal and subhippocampal components in terms of episodic and semantic memory, respectively, could not be supported by the current data. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Patterns of emotional availability among young mothers and their infants: A dydaic, contextual analysisINFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005M. Ann Easterbrooks The aim of this study was to examine patterns of emotional availability among 80 young mothers (under 21 years at their child's birth) and their infants, and to identify contextual and individual factors associated with different patterns of emotional availability. To operationalize the dyadic aspect of emotional availability, cluster analysis of the Emotional Availability Scales, third edition (EAS; Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1998) was conducted on mother and infant scales simultaneously. Four distinct groups of emotional availability patterns emerged, reflecting synchrony and asynchrony between maternal and child behavior: (a) low-functioning dyads, (b) average dyads, (c) average parenting/disengaged infants, and (d) high-functioning dyads. Further analyses revealed that mothers in different clusters differed on outcomes such as depressive symptomatology, social support, and relationships with their own mothers. The clusters and the variables related to them demonstrate the various challenges in integrating the dual tasks of adolescent and parenting development among young mothers. The clinical implications of these patterns of emotional availability and live context are discussed. [source] Estimated Time and Educational Requirements to Perform NIC InterventionsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2003Gloria M. Bulechek PURPOSE To estimate the time to perform and type of personnel to deliver each of the 486 interventions listed and described in the third edition of NIC. METHODS Small groups of research team members rated selected interventions in their area of expertise on education and time needed for each intervention. Education needed was defined as the minimal educational level necessary to perform the intervention in most cases in most states. Rating categories were (a) nursing assistant (NA/LPN/LVN/technician), (b) RN (basic education whether baccalaureate, associate degree, or diploma), or (c) RN with post-basic education or certification. Time needed was defined as the average time needed to perform the intervention. Raters selected one of five possible time estimates: (a) <15 minutes, (b) 16,30 minutes, (c) 31,45 minutes, (d) 46,60 minutes, or (e) >1 hour. All ratings were reviewed across groups to ensure overall consistency. FINDINGS Results of this exercise provide beginning estimates of the time and education needed for 486 NIC interventions. Twenty percent required <15 minutes, 30% required 16,30 minutes, 17% required 31,45 minutes, 12% required 46,60 minutes, and 21% required >1 hour. More than 70% of the interventions were judged as needing basic RN education to perform. Raters judged RN post-basic education to be required to performi 16% of the interventions, and 14% were deemed appropriate for personnel with NA/LPN education to perform. A monograph, Estimated Time and Educational Requirements to Perform 486 Nursing Interventions, available from http://www.nursing@uiowa.ed/cnc, includes lists of interventions appropriate for each time and education category, as well as time and education ratings according to NIC domains and classes. DISCUSSION The estimates of time and education provided by expert ratings provide a good beginning for cost estimates, resource planning, and reimbursement. The results of this study add to the small but growing body of literature that demonstrates that estimates of time to perform interventions by nurses who are familiar with the interventions is an accurate and efficient method to determine time values. A description of how this information can be used in a costing model is in the July/August 2001 issue of Nursing Economics. CONCLUSIONS NIC has identified the interventions that nurses perform. This study of time to perform and type of personnel to deliver each of the NIC interventions can help nurse leaders make better-informed decisions about cost-effective nursing care. [source] The first biogeographical mapJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 5 2006Malte C. Ebach Abstract Unbeknownst to many historians of biology, the first biogeographical map was published in the third edition of the Flore française by Lamarck and Candolle in 1805, the same year in which Humboldt's famous Essai sur la Geographie appeared. Lamarck and Candolle's map marks the beginning of a descriptive or classificatory biogeography focusing on the study of biota rather than on the distributional pathways of taxa. The map is relevant because it heralds the beginning of the creation of biogeographical maps popularized by zoogeographers in the mid- to late nineteenth century together with the study of biogeographical regions. [source] Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Part III: Health Effects of Interpersonal Violence Among WomenPERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 3 2006K. M. Hegadoren RN TOPIC.,The aim of this three-part series is to examine the sufficiency of the posttraumatic stress (PTSD) diagnostic construct to capture the full spectrum of human responses to psychological trauma. Part I (Lasiuk & Hegadoren, 2006a) reviewed the conceptual history of PTSD from the nineteenth century to its inclusion in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1980), while Part II (Lasiuk & Hegadoren, 2006b) described subsequent refinements to the original PTSD diagnostic criteria and highlighted subsequent controversies. PURPOSE.,This paper focuses on interpersonal violence (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse/assault) and its sequelae in women. We argue in support of Judith Herman's (1992) conceptualization of the human trauma response as a spectrum, anchored at one end by an acute stress reaction that resolves on its own without treatment, and on the other by "complex" PTSD, with "classic" or "simple" PTSD somewhere between the two. SOURCES OF INFORMATION.,The existing theoretical, clinical and research literatures related to humans responses to trauma. CONCLUSION.,The paper concludes with a call for the need to increase a gendered perspective in all aspects of trauma research and clinical service delivery. [source] Handbook of Statistical Genetics (third edition) Balding DJ, Bishop M, Cannings C (2007) ISBN: 9780470058305; 1616 pages; £175.00, ,279.00, $315.00 Wiley; http://www.wiley.com/PHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS: THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY, Issue 3 2008Aruna Bansal No abstract is available for this article. [source] Concurrent validity of the Slosson full-range intelligence test: Comparison with the Wechsler intelligence scale for children,third edition and the Woodcock Johnson tests of achievement,revisedPSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 1 2002Nancy L. Bell This study examined the concurrent validity of the Slosson Full-Range Intelligence Test (S-FRIT) by comparing S-FRIT scores to the scores of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,Third Edition (WISC-III) and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement,Revised (WJ-R). Data from 123 elementary students' screening and psychological testing results were examined. Results revealed that the S-FRIT scores were more related to overall intelligence, verbal, and math abilities than nonverbal intelligence, reading, or written language abilities. Further, it was found that 89% of the participants' S-FRIT Full-Range IQ scores fell within one standard deviation of their WISC-III FSIQ scores, with an average discrepancy of 7.6 points. Discrepancies between S-FRIT and WISC-III scores were also examined by educational diagnostic categories and ability levels. Limitations and suggestions for future research are provided. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] How Much Policy Governance Is Required for It to Be Policy Governance?BOARD LEADERSHIP: POLICY GOVERNANCE IN ACTION, Issue 83 2006Article first published online: 14 MAR 200 Board Leadership is pleased to reproduce here a very slightly modified excerpt from the brand-new third edition of John Carver's Boards That Make a Difference: A New Design for Leadership in Nonprofit and Public Organizations (Jossey-Bass, 2006). The excerpt from Chapter 12, titled "But Does It Work?" appears between a response to various model criticisms and a discussion of research on governance effectiveness. [source] International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition,,CANCER, Issue 7 2005Eva Steliarova-Foucher Ph.D. Abstract BACKGROUND The third edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-3), which was published in 2000, introduced major changes in coding and classification of neoplasms, notably for leukemias and lymphomas, which are important groups of cancer types that occur in childhood. This necessitated a third revision of the 1996 International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3). METHODS The tumor categories for the ICCC-3 were designed to respect several principles: agreement with current international standards, integration of the entities defined by newly developed diagnostic techniques, continuity with previous childhood classifications, and exhaustiveness. RESULTS The ICCC-3 classifies tumors coded according to the ICD-O-3 into 12 main groups, which are split further into 47 subgroups. These 2 levels of the ICCC-3 allow standardized comparisons of the broad categories of childhood neoplasms in continuity with the previous classifications. The 16 most heterogeneous subgroups are broken down further into 2,11 divisions to allow study of important entities or homogeneous collections of tumors characterized at the cytogenetic or molecular level. Some divisions may be combined across the higher-level categories, such as the B-cell neoplasms within leukemias and lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS The ICCC-3 respects currently existing international standards and was designed for use in international, population-based, epidemiological studies and cancer registries. The use of an international classification system is especially important in the field of pediatric oncology, in which the low frequency of cases requires rigorous procedures to ensure data comparability. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||