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Thinking
Kinds of Thinking Terms modified by Thinking Selected AbstractsTHINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX: A NECESSARY COURSE FOR THE FUTURE OF ALCOHOL RESEARCHADDICTION, Issue 5 2010ROGER E. MEYER No abstract is available for this article. [source] EXPANDING RATIONALITY: THE RELATION BETWEEN EPISTEMIC VIRTUE AND CRITICAL THINKINGEDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 2 2009Ryan Bevan According to Bevan, the critical thinking strategies characteristic of instrumentalism generally work to further the vocationalization of educational discourse as well as the cultivation of unreflective moral agents. He contends that critical thinking should be expanded beyond its rationalist criteria to focus on the process of inquiry. Such a virtue epistemology approach, according to Bevan, has the potential to uncover and change fundamental misconceptions that pervade current theoretical assumptions by encouraging learners to engage in a more inclusive inquiry that draws out alternative perspectives. Bevan concludes that citizenship education in particular can benefit greatly from this more expansive theory with concrete pedagogical implications. [source] THINKING THROUGH A PEDAGOGY OF WHITENESSEDUCATIONAL THEORY, Issue 4 2001Kathy Hytten First page of article [source] 2. CROSSING CULTURAL BORDERS: HOW TO UNDERSTAND HISTORICAL THINKING IN CHINA AND THE WEST1HISTORY AND THEORY, Issue 2 2007JÖRN RÜSEN ABSTRACT Topical intercultural discourse on historical thinking is deeply determined by fundamental distinctions, mainly between the "East" and the "West." The epistemological preconditions of this discourse are normally not reflected or even criticized. this article follows Chun-Chieh Huang's attempt to give Chinese historical thinking a new voice in this intercultural discourse. It agrees with Huang's strategy of focusing the description of the peculiarity of Chinese historical thinking on fundamental criteria of historical sense-generation. Huang argues for a strict difference between the Chinese way of sense-generation in history and the Western one. against this distinction I argue that both traditions of historical thinking follow the same logic, namely that of the exemplary mode, which is known in the Western tradition by Cicero's slogan "Historia vitae magistra." Instead of claiming this mode as typical of Chinese historical thinking, I propose to clarify the difference between China and the West by looking for a modification of the same logic. Finally the question arises as to what the paradigmatic shift of historical thinking from the exemplary to the genetic mode means for the Chinese tradition Huang has presented. This shift cannot be understood as only a Western one, since it is a mode of pursuing modernity in history by a fundamental temporalization in the interpretation of the human world. [source] LEVIATHANS, CRITICAL THINKING, AND LEGAL PHILOSOPHY: A PROPOSAL FOR A GENERAL EDUCATION LEGAL STUDIES COURSEJOURNAL OF LEGAL STUDIES EDUCATION, Issue 1 2003Nim Razook [source] THE IDEA OF DEFENSE IN HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY THINKING ABOUT JUST WARJOURNAL OF RELIGIOUS ETHICS, Issue 4 2008James Turner Johnson ABSTRACT What is, or should be, the role of defense in thinking about the justification of use of armed force? Contemporary just war thinking prioritizes defense as the principal, and perhaps the only, just cause for resorting to armed force. By contrast, classic just war tradition, while recognizing defense as justification for use of force by private persons, did not reason from self-defense to the justification of the use of force on behalf of the political community, but instead rendered the idea of just cause for resort to force in terms of the sovereign's responsibility to maintain justice, vindicating those who had suffered from injustice and punishing evildoers. This paper moves through three major stages in the historical development of just war thinking, first examining a critical phase in the formation of the classical idea of just cause as the responsibility to maintain justice, then discussing the shift, characteristic of the modern period, to an idea of sovereignty as connected to the state and the prioritization of defense of the state as just cause for use of force, and lastly showing how this conception of the priority of defense became part of the recovery of just war thinking in the latter part of the twentieth century. The paper concludes by noting recent changes in thought on international law that tend to emphasize justice at the expense of the right of self-defense, suggesting that the roots of just war thinking imply the need for a similar rethinking of contemporary just war discourse. [source] PHILOSOPHY IN FRAGMENTS: CULTIVATING PHILOSOPHIC THINKING WITH THE PRESOCRATICSMETAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 5 2009DANIEL SILVERMINTZ Abstract: This article presents a strategy for introducing Presocratic thought to students in a manner that is both engaging and relevant. The first section addresses students' reactions to the claim that the Presocratics were the first philosophers. The second section considers how the fragmentary state of Presocratic thought does not hinder its comprehension. The third section proposes a classroom exercise for testing the scientific merits of each of the Presocratic theories. The final section proposes the use of a mock trial as a means of applying the materialist approach introduced by the Presocratics to contemporary debates about free will and determinism. [source] THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF AFFECTIVE PROCESSES: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO ENGAGING IN AND THINKING ABOUT INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPSPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2006Article first published online: 7 AUG 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] SYMMETRIES OF THE KINGDOM: SUGGESTIONS FROM GIRARD AND BONHOEFFER ON THINKING THE CHURCH,STATE RELATIONTHE HEYTHROP JOURNAL, Issue 4 2010KEVIN LENEHANArticle first published online: 12 MAR 2010 The work of René Girard invites us to re-imagine a ,religious,secular' interactivity within social space in a way released from the violent dualisms of the ,sacred/profane.' Earlier Dietrich Bonhoeffer considered the same task and suggested directions for a positive theology of church-state relations, even as the inherited forms of these institutions were collapsing about him. This paper explores the Girardian scenario for church and state becoming rivalrous ,doubles', whether it be secular utopic projects doubling religious narratives of redemption, or churches doubling the state as parallel yet purer societies , and suggests resources from Bonhoeffer by which a non-rivalrous church-state relationality - both mutually-constituting and mutually-limiting - may be configured. [source] THINKING THROUGH IMAGES: KASTOM AND THE COMING OF THE BAHA'IS TO NORTHERN NEW IRELAND, PAPUA NEW GUINEATHE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 4 2005Graeme Were We can learn a lot about religious ideas by studying not just the impact on them of missionization but also how religious beliefs and practices are translated into local religious forms. In this article I draw attention to the case of the Baha'i faith in the Nalik area of northern New Ireland (Papua New Guinea). In discussing how the faith became strongly associated with the ability to harness ancestral power, I argue that this relationship emerged through Nalik people's ability to think through images, in other words through transforming forms in order to create new understandings. This study not only underlines the importance of localized studies into the technology of image production but also fills a gap in anthropological studies that, up until now, have systematically ignored the Baha'i movement and its place in the contemporary Pacific. [source] THINKING ABOUT A MOBILE HEALTH UNIT TO DELIVER SERVICES?AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2000THINGS TO CONSIDER BEFORE BUYING Purchasing a mobile unit to deliver health-care services can be an expensive undertaking for anyone interested in pursuing this option. Yet, little information is found in the literature on planning or designing such vehicles. A set of guidelines could help administrators to make better decisions regarding this approach for delivering healthcare. This article focuses on mobile health units (MHU). It provides a synthesis of the literature in addition to information from written and oral correspondence with the chief executive officers (CEO) of firms that manufacture MHU. On-site visits to agencies using an MHU were made by one of the authors (DM) to glean their perspective. The combined sources led to the development of guidelines and checklists that can assist administrators in planning the function, design and operation of an MHU to deliver health-care services to remote rural sites. [source] PARENTAL VIRTUE: A NEW WAY OF THINKING ABOUT THE MORALITY OF REPRODUCTIVE ACTIONSBIOETHICS, Issue 4 2007ROSALIND MCDOUGALL ABSTRACT In this paper I explore the potential of virtue ethical ideas to generate a new way of thinking about the ethical questions surrounding the creation of children. Applying ideas from neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics to the parental sphere specifically, I develop a framework for the moral assessment of reproductive actions that centres on the concept of parental virtue. I suggest that the character traits of the good parent can be used as a basis for determining the moral permissibility of a particular reproductive action. I posit three parental virtues and argue that we can see the moral status of a reproductive action as determined by the relationship between such an action and (at least) these virtues. Using a case involving selection for deafness, I argue that thinking in terms of the question ,would a virtuous parent do this?' when morally assessing reproductive action is a viable and useful way of thinking about issues in reproductive ethics. [source] Thinking Like an Ocean Ecological Lessons from Marine BycatchCONSERVATION, Issue 4 2002Scott Norris [source] Landscape Planning and Conservation Biology: Systems Thinking RevisitedCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006JOAN IVERSON NASSAUER No abstract is available for this article. [source] Thinking about Christ with SchleiermacherCONVERSATIONS IN RELIGION & THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Article first published online: 24 APR 200 Books reviewed: Thinking about Christ with Schleiermacher, Catherine L. Kelsey Reviewed by Gayle D. Beebe Spring Arbor University, MI, USA Response to Gayle Beebe By Catherine L. Kelsey Iliff School of Theology, Denver, USA [source] God, the Mind's Desire: Reference, Reason and Christian ThinkingCONVERSATIONS IN RELIGION & THEOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Article first published online: 11 OCT 200 Books reviewed: Paul D. Janz, God, the Mind's Desire: Reference, Reason and Christian Thinking Reviewed by Louise Hickman [source] Opening up the Solution Space: The Role of Analogical Thinking for Breakthrough Product InnovationCREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2008Oliver Gassmann The purpose of this paper is to investigate the approach of analogical thinking for product innovation. We collected data on projects from four engineering firms where analogical thinking was successfully applied for the development of breakthrough innovations. Results show that abstracting the problem by in-depth technical and contextual analysis is pivotal when searching for analogical solutions. Furthermore, the chances of identifying highly novel analogous solutions are increased if the problem is abstracted to the level of its structural similarities to other settings. We also found that the identification of structural similarities is supported when firms not only rely on the cognitive abilities of the individual but also employ an active search based on abstract search terms. Based on these insights, we propose a process model for the development of product innovations by means of analogical thinking. [source] Long-term Thinking: What About the Stuff?CURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 4 2003Andrew J. Pekarik First page of article [source] Centripetal Thinking in Curriculum StudiesCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 4 2010PETER HLEBOWITSH ABSTRACT After years of generating divergent approaches to scholarship, cast mostly as reactions against a historical orthodoxy, the curriculum studies community is now looking at a new dialectic,one marked by a physics that pull ideas inward toward some centripetal center. The tension between looking for unifying ideas as they articulate with a multiplicity of incommensurate ones has, in fact, marked the nature of most scholarly thinking. Isaiah Berlin personified such a tension in his use of the Greek aphorism, "The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing." In recent years, the curriculum field has been dominated by foxes, who have resisted any attempt to even consider the role of hedgehog. But several projects have recently been launched in the field that might signal a new age for curriculum studies, as a new dialogue has been opened that considers possibilities of finding some semblance of canon or disciplinarity in the field. The search for canon or disciplinarity is less likely to yield a hard-and-fast verifiable outcome as much as an inconclusive discussion. But, as Plato reminds us, such a discussion is precisely the point because the knowing of canon is doing the knowing of canon. [source] Thinking about flagellar oscillationCYTOSKELETON, Issue 8 2009Charles J. Brokaw Abstract Bending of cilia and flagella results from sliding between the microtubular outer doublets, driven by dynein motor enzymes. This review reminds us that many questions remain to be answered before we can understand how dynein-driven sliding causes the oscillatory bending of cilia and flagella. Does oscillation require switching between two distinct, persistent modes of dynein activity? Only one mode, an active forward mode, has been characterized, but an alternative mode, either inactive or reverse, appears to be required. Does switching between modes use information from curvature, sliding direction, or both? Is there a mechanism for reciprocal inhibition? Can a localized capability for oscillatory sliding become self-organized to produce the metachronal phase differences required for bend propagation? Are interactions between adjacent dyneins important for regulation of oscillation and bend propagation? Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Design Thinking to Make Organization Change and Development More ResponsiveDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 2 2010Steve Sato There are many types of organization change and development (OC&D) approaches, from John Kotter's Leading Change methodology to Robert Schaffer's Rapid Results technique. No matter which you use, success depends on how well it can be adapted to the situation at hand. At Hewlett-Packard, design thinking turned out to be the glue that held everything together. [source] Unleashing the Power of Design ThinkingDESIGN MANAGEMENT REVIEW, Issue 3 2008Kevin Clark Program Director First page of article [source] Generalised and Particularistic Thinking in Policy Analysis and Practice: The Case of Governance Reform in South AfricaDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Olle Frödin This article is concerned with the relationship between generalised and particularistic knowledge in the context of policy-making and policy analysis. It argues that it is problematic to assume that a reform model will generate similar outcomes across a wide variety of contexts. It presents a conceptual framework, including the concepts of transaction domain and domain consensus, that enables context-sensitive analyses. The argument is exemplified by South Africa's introduction in the 1990s of an Integrated Development Planning model, based on British reform experience and various international public-management models. With a case study of such planning in Lukhanji Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, it illustrates how the conceptual framework may be used in policy research and analysis. [source] The Aid Paradigm for Poverty Reduction: Does It Make Sense?DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 4 2008John Weiss Thinking on economic policy for development has undergone many shifts in response to the perceived weak results of earlier adjustment reforms. A new donor consensus has emerged based around the central themes of economic growth, good governance and social development. This article examines the logic behind this new aid paradigm, revealing a nuanced story with country circumstances playing a critical role and particular interventions varying in impact. For example, growth does not always lead to gains for the poor that match the national average; public expenditure needs to be targeted to achieve social development, but effective targeting is difficult; governance reform may be critical but there is no simple governance blueprint, and the corruption-growth association need not always be negative. [source] Freedom for the Command of God: Thinking with JohannesDIALOG, Issue 4 2000Gilbert Meilaender holds the Richard, Phyllis Duesenberg Chair in Christian Ethics at Valparaiso University First page of article [source] Cold War Scholars and Thinking about WarfareDIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 3 2007David Mayers No abstract is available for this article. [source] Validity of High-Stakes Assessment: Are Students Engaged in Complex Thinking?EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 3 2004Suzanne Lane The validity of high-stakes assessments and accountability systems is discussed in relation to the requirements of No Child Left Behind (NCLB). The extent to which content standards and assessments are cognitively rich, the challenges in setting performance standards, and the impact of high-stakes assessments on instruction and student learning are addressed. The article argues for quality content standards, cognitively rich assessments, and a cohesive, balanced assessment system. [source] Critical Thinking and LearningEDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEORY, Issue 4 2007Mark Mason Abstract This paper introduces some of the debates in the field of critical thinking by highlighting differences among thinkers such as Siegel, Ennis, Paul, McPeck, and Martin, and poses some questions that arise from these debates. Does rationality transcend particular cultures, or are there different kinds of thinking, different styles of reasoning? What is the relationship between critical thinking and learning? In what ways does the moral domain overlap with these largely epistemic and pedagogical issues? The paper concludes by showing how Peters, Evers, Chan and Yan, Ryan and Louie, Luntley, Lam, Doddington, and Kwak, respond to these questions. [source] Thinking about the unthinkable: a de facto prohibition on smoked tobacco productsADDICTION, Issue 6 2008WAYNE HALL No abstract is available for this article. [source] Neuromagnetic Source Localization of Epileptiform Activity in Patients with Graphogenic EpilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 11 2006Naoaki Tanaka Summary:,Purpose: To clarify the source localization of epileptiform activity by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients with graphogenic epilepsy. Methods: MEG and simultaneous EEG were recorded with a 204-channel whole-head MEG system in two patients with graphogenic epilepsy. During the MEG recordings, the patients performed a set of tasks comprising mental arithmetic calculation, speaking, moving the right arm in a manner resembling writing, writing, and thinking of writing. Equivalent current dipoles (ECD) were calculated for epileptiform discharges on MEG by using a single-dipole model. The ECD were superimposed on the magnetic resonance images of the patients. Results: The task of writing provoked seizures, in which both patients jerked the right arms. Thinking of writing also induced these seizures. In both patients, EEG associated with the seizures showed bursts of spike-and-slow-wave complexes predominantly in the centroparietal region. MEG also showed epileptiform discharges corresponding to the EEG bursts. ECDs obtained from the discharges were clustered in the left centroparietal area. Conclusions: Thinking of writing was a trigger for the seizures, as well as the task of writing. The source of the epileptiform discharge associated with the seizures was localized in the unilateral centroparietal area. The findings suggest that the centroparietal region plays an important role in the pathophysiology underlying these two graphogenic epilepsy cases. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||