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Thermal Sensation (thermal + sensation)
Selected AbstractsMethodology of oral sensory testsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2002R. Jacobs Summary Different methods of oral sensory tests including light touch sensation, two-point discrimination, vibrotactile function and thermal sensation were compared. Healthy subjects were tested to assess the results obtained from two psychophysical approaches, namely the staircase and the ascending & descending method of limits for light touch sensation and two-point discrimination. Both methods appeared to be reliable for examining oral sensory function. The effect of topical anaesthesia was also evaluated but no conclusion could be drawn as too few subjects were involved. Newly developed simple testing tools for two-point discrimination and thermal sensation in a clinical situation were developed prior to this study and tested for their reproducibility. Thermal sensation could be reliably detected in repeated trials. Although the hand-held instruments have some drawbacks, the outcome of these instruments in a clinical environment is suitable for assessing oral sensory function. Three different frequencies (32, 128 and 256 Hz) were used to estimate the vibrotactile function. Different threshold levels were found at different frequencies. [source] MafA transcription factor identifies the early ret-expressing sensory neuronsDEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 7 2010Laure Lecoin Abstract Dorsal root ganglia proceed from the coalescence of cell bodies of sensory neurons, which have migrated dorsoventrally from the delaminating neural crest. They are composed of different neuronal subtypes with specific sensory functions, including nociception, thermal sensation, proprioception, and mechanosensation. In contrast to proprioceptors and thermonociceptors, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing the early commitment and later differentiation into mechanosensitive neurons. This is mainly due to the absence of specific molecular markers for this particular cell type. Using knockout mice, we identified the bZIP transcription factor MafA as the first specific marker of a subpopulation of "early c-ret" positive neurons characterized by medium-to-large diameters. This marker will allow further functional characterization of these neurons. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70:485,497, 2010 [source] Prediction of thermal sensation based on simulation of temperature distribution in a vehicle cabinHEAT TRANSFER - ASIAN RESEARCH (FORMERLY HEAT TRANSFER-JAPANESE RESEARCH), Issue 3 2001Takuya Kataoka Abstract Thermal comfort in an automobile is predicted with numerical simulation. The flow field and temperature distribution are solved with a grid system based on many small cubic elements which are generated automatically with cabin and passenger configuration. Simulation of temperature is combined with simulation of cooling cycle and calculation of heat transfer at the wall including solar radiation to treat transient and actual driving conditions of the vehicle. In order to evaluate thermal comfort, transitional effective temperature is calculated from simulated thermal conditions and physiologic values which are calculated by a simple model of a human thermal system. This system can well predict thermal sensation of passengers in a short period of time. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(3): 195,212, 2001 [source] Differences between young adults and elderly in thermal comfort, productivity, and thermal physiology in response to a moderate temperature drift and a steady-state conditionINDOOR AIR, Issue 4 2010L. Schellen Abstract, Results from naturally ventilated buildings show that allowing the indoor temperature to drift does not necessarily result in thermal discomfort and may allow for a reduction in energy use. However, for stationary conditions, several studies indicate that the thermal neutral temperature and optimum thermal condition differ between young adults and elderly. There is a lack of studies that describe the effect of aging on thermal comfort and productivity during a moderate temperature drift. In this study, the effect of a moderate temperature drift on physiological responses, thermal comfort, and productivity of eight young adults (age 22,25 year) and eight older subjects (age 67,73 year) was investigated. They were exposed to two different conditions: S1-a control condition; constant temperature of 21.5°C; duration: 8 h; and S2-a transient condition; temperature range: 17,25°C, duration: 8 h, temperature drift: first 4 h: +2 K/h, last 4 h: ,2 K/h. The results indicate that thermal sensation of the elderly was, in general, 0.5 scale units lower in comparison with their younger counterparts. Furthermore, the elderly showed more distal vasoconstriction during both conditions. Nevertheless, TS of the elderly was related to air temperature only, while TS of the younger adults also was related to skin temperature. During the constant temperature session, the elderly preferred a higher temperature in comparison with the young adults. Practical Implications ,Because the stock of fossil fuels is limited, energy savings play an important role. Thermal comfort is one of the most important performance indicators to successfully apply measures to reduce the energy need in buildings. Allowing drifts in indoor temperature is one of the options to reduce the energy demand. This study contributes to the knowledge concerning the effects of a moderate temperature drift and the age of the inhabitants on their thermal comfort. [source] Methodology of oral sensory testsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2002R. Jacobs Summary Different methods of oral sensory tests including light touch sensation, two-point discrimination, vibrotactile function and thermal sensation were compared. Healthy subjects were tested to assess the results obtained from two psychophysical approaches, namely the staircase and the ascending & descending method of limits for light touch sensation and two-point discrimination. Both methods appeared to be reliable for examining oral sensory function. The effect of topical anaesthesia was also evaluated but no conclusion could be drawn as too few subjects were involved. Newly developed simple testing tools for two-point discrimination and thermal sensation in a clinical situation were developed prior to this study and tested for their reproducibility. Thermal sensation could be reliably detected in repeated trials. Although the hand-held instruments have some drawbacks, the outcome of these instruments in a clinical environment is suitable for assessing oral sensory function. Three different frequencies (32, 128 and 256 Hz) were used to estimate the vibrotactile function. Different threshold levels were found at different frequencies. [source] Effect of pulse repetition rate on the perception of thermal sensation with pulsed shortwave diathermyPHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2000Charles Conor Murray Abstract Background and Purpose Pulsed shortwave diathermy (PSWD) is a form of therapy commonly used to enhance tissue repair and reduce pain. It is normally considered to be an athermal form of treatment; however, there is some evidence to suggest that thermal effects can arise with adequate dosage. The purpose of this study was to determine the pulse repetition rate (PRR) required to generate a ,possible' and ,definite' thermal sensation when PSWD was applied to the thigh. Method Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to placebo or treatment groups. The treatment group was exposed to PSWD at a constant setting of pulse duration (400 µs) and pulse power (190 W) while the PRR was increased from 26 Hz to 400 Hz in 10 increments. Each dose was applied for a period of two minutes. At the end of each application, subjects were asked if they felt a (1) ,possible' or (2) ,definite' thermal sensation. Skin temperature was measured immediately after each application. Placebo subjects were exposed to PSWD at its lowest settings throughout the experiment (pulse power = 5W; pulse duration = 65 µs and PRR = 26 Hz). Results The results showed a significant correlation (p<0.048) between PRR at ,definite' thermal sensation and skin temperature post-treatment and PRR at ,possible' thermal sensation (p<0.001). Mean skin temperature increased significantly as PRR was increased, from 28.69 (±0.75) °C pre-treatment to 31.14 (±1.04) °C post-treatment, a mean difference of 2.34 °C. Conclusions These results suggest that PSWD at adequate dosages can generate thermal effects, and that there is a relationship between these thermal effects and the PRR used. These results may have significant implications for the safe use of PSWD in the clinical arena. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||