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Thermal Reaction (thermal + reaction)
Selected AbstractsChemInform Abstract: CuI-Catalyzed Photochemical or Thermal Reactions of 3-(2-Azidobenzylidene)lactams.CHEMINFORM, Issue 43 2010Application to the Synthesis of Fused Indoles. Abstract A copper-catalyzed photochemical cyclization/ring expansion reaction is developed for the preparation of a variety of fused indole derivatives. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Reactions of N-Alkyl-2-benzylaniline and N-Alkyl-N,-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine: An Unusual Route to 2-Phenylindole and 2-Phenylbenzimidazole.CHEMINFORM, Issue 40 2008Evelyn Cuevas Creencia Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Selenophene Synthesis in Thermal Reactions of Dialkyl Selenides with Acetylene in the Presence of Methanol.CHEMINFORM, Issue 42 2004E. N. Deryagina Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Investigations on regio- and stereoselectivities in cycloadditions involving ,- (3-pyridyl)- N -phenylnitrone: Development of an efficient route to novel nicotine analogsJOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2005Gurpinder Singh Thermal reactions of hitherto ,-(3-pyridyl)- N -phenylnitrone (1) with mono-substituted electron-rich and electron-neutral dipolarophiles are regio-, and stereo-selective (exo -selective), controlled by LUMO - dipole - HOMO- dipolarophile interaction, and furnish syn -5-substituted-3-(3-pyridyl)-isoxazolidines (5) in high yields. With electron deficient dipolarophiles such as acrylonitrile there is observed a loss of regioselectivity as well as stereoselectivity and the regioselectivity is reversed in reactions with methyl vinyl ketone and methyl acrylate, due to intervention of HOMO-dipole - LUMO-dipolarophile interaction, affording 4-substi-tuted-3-(3-pyridyl)-isoxazolidines (7) as major products. Reactions of nitrone (1) with disubstituted dipolarophiles such as methyl methacrylate and ethyl coronate furnish methyl syn -5-methy-3-pyridyl-1-phenyl-isoxazolidine-5-carboxylate (8) and ethyl anti -5-methy-3-pyridyl-1-phenyl-isoxazolidine-4-carboxylate (10), respectively, in high yields. Reaction with N -Phenylmaleimide affords novel isoxazolidino-pyrro-lidinediones bearing a 3-pyridyl moiety (11, 12). A mechanistic rationalization of the obtained results in terms of electronic, steric and secondary interactions is proffered. [source] Simple and Generalized Synthesis of Semiconducting Metal Sulfide NanocrystalsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 10 2009Sang-Hyun Choi Uniform-sized semiconducting nanocrystals of binary metal sulfides are synthesized from the thermolysis of metal-oleate complexes in alkanethiol. The size of the Cu2S nanocrystals can be tuned from 7 to 20,nm by varying the reaction conditions. Various shaped nanocrystals of CdS, ZnS, MnS, and PbS are synthesized from the thermal reaction of metal-oleate complex in alkanethiol. [source] Ligand Effects on the Mechanisms of Thermal Bond Activation in the Gas-Phase Reactions NiX+/CH4,Ni(CH3)+/HX (X=H, CH3, OH, F).HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 12 2008Short Communication Abstract The thermal ion-molecule reactions NiX++CH4,Ni(CH3)++HX (X=H, CH3, OH, F) have been studied by mass spectrometric methods, and the experimental data are complemented by density functional theory (DFT)-based computations. With regard to mechanistic aspects, a rather coherent picture emerges such that, for none of the systems studied, oxidative addition/reductive elimination pathways are involved. Rather, the energetically most favored variant corresponds to a , -complex-assisted metathesis (, -CAM). For X=H and CH3, the ligand exchange follows a ,two-state reactivity (TSR)' scenario such that, in the course of the thermal reaction, a twofold spin inversion, i.e., triplet,singlet,triplet, is involved. This TSR feature bypasses the energetically high-lying transition state of the adiabatic ground-state triplet surface. In contrast, for X=F, the exothermic ligand exchange proceeds adiabatically on the triplet ground state, and some arguments are proposed to account for the different behavior of NiX+/Ni(CH3)+ (X=H, CH3) vs. NiF+. While the couple Ni(OH)+/CH4 does not undergo a thermal ligand switch, the DFT computations suggest a potential-energy surface that is mechanistically comparable to the NiF+/CH4 system. Obviously, the ligands X act as a mechanistic distributor to switch between single vs. two-state reactivity patterns. [source] Exothermic thermal reaction of dopamine with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acidJOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 11 2003Yoshikatsu Ito Abstract Pyrolysis of the crystalline 1,:,1 molecular complex DA,dnba, which was prepared from cocrystallization of dopamine (DA) and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (dnba), was studied. This cocrystal decomposed violently at the melting-point, leading to the formation of a black solid along with a tiny amount of 3-amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid (1). The pyrolysis reaction was followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and one large exothermic peak was observed at the decomposition temperature. In view of the DSC patterns for cocrystal DA,dnba and other compounds, it seems that both a catechol moiety and an amino group of DA in addition to a strong electron acceptor such as dnba are required for the appearance of the exothermic peak. On the basis of (a) elemental analysis of the black solid and (b) other pyrolysis experiments for cocrystals PA,dnba (PA: ,-phenylethylamine), BA,dnba (BA: benzylamine), DMDA,dnba (DMDA: O,O,-dimethyldopamine) and DHBA,dnba (DHBA: 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine), it is assumed that the black solid was formed mainly through elimination of more than one molecule of water from one molecule of DA,dnba. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Influence of the stacking order on structural features of the Cu-In-Ga-Se precursors for formation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films prepared by thermal reaction of InSe/Cu/GaSe alloys to elemental Se vapor and diethylselenide gasPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 8 2006F.B. Dejene Abstract A novel partway for the fabrication of copper-indium (gallium) diselenide has been developed. This two-stage process consists of the formation of Cu-In-(Ga)-Se precursors and subsequent selenization to form CuIn(Ga)Se2. In this work, we have investigated and compared the possible interactions in Cu-In-Ga-Se systems, using sequentially stacked precursors premixed with Se, in order to get a better understanding of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film formation. Comparison of these SEM micrographs clearly revealed that the surface morphologies and hence surface roughness of the resulting Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber films were significantly influenced by the structure of the precursor films prior to selenization. XRD analyses revealed the presence of a graded CuIn1-xGaxSe structure, irrespective of the stacking order during the precursor formation step for samples selenized using elemental Se vapor. It was established that distinct from the case of using Se vapor, a single-phase Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films were obtained by diethylselenide (DESe) selenization from Cu-In-Ga metal precursors premixed Se irrespective of the stacking order during the precursor formation step. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Efficient O - and N -(, -fluoroethylation)s with NCA [18F], -fluoroethyl tosylate under microwave-enhanced conditionsJOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 5 2004Shui-Yu Lu Abstract Reactions of no-carrier-added (NCA) [18F], -fluoroethyl tosylate with amine, phenol or carboxylic acid to form the corresponding [18F]N -(, -fluoroethyl)amine, [18F], -fluoroethyl ether or [18F], -fluoroethyl ester, were found to be rapid (2,10 min) and efficient (51,89% conversion) under microwave-enhanced conditions. These conditions allow reactants to be heated rapidly to 150°C in a low boiling point solvent, such as acetonitrile, and avoid the need to use high boiling point solvents, such as DMSO and DMF, to promote reaction. The microwave-enhanced reactions gave about 20% greater radiochemical yields than thermal reactions performed at similar temperatures and over similar reaction times. With a bi-functional molecule, such as DL-pipecolinic acid, [18F], -fluoroethyl tosylate reacts exclusively with the amino group. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Comparison of loss on ignition and thermal analysis stepwise methods for determination of sedimentary organic matterAQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 1 2009Gretel Frangipane Abstract 1.Loss on ignition (LOI) is a widely used method to estimate organic matter (OM) in the sediment of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) of organic species provides information on thermal reactions, the amount and properties of clay structural water, organic species and carbonates. 2.The accuracy of LOI compared with that of TG-DTA was evaluated in 33 sediment samples from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy). 3.In all tests conducted with TG-DTA the mass loss of OM and the loss of clay structural water (LCSW) from oxidized samples were measured. The mass loss of OM at 350°C (TG-DTA 350 OM) and the total extraction of organic matter at 567°C (TEOM) calculated from the difference between natural state samples and oxidized samples highlight the presence of both thermally labile and thermally stable substances. 4.The grain size data of sediment samples from the Lagoon shows a variable distribution between slightly muddy sand and mud. Loss of clay structural water at 350°C (LCSW 350) and total extraction of clay structural water at 567°C (TECSW) both estimated by TG-DTA on oxidized samples, were found to correspond approximately to 6% and 10%, respectively of the clay fraction (<4 µm). This percentage may be used to correct LOI measurements of OM in sediments with high clay content. 5.LOI 350 (loss on ignition at 350°C) and LOI 550 (loss on ignition at 550°C) proved to be ,80% and ,200%, respectively, of total extraction of mass loss at 350°C (TG-DTA 350 tot) and at 567°C (TEML) estimated by TG-DTA on natural samples, meaning that the LOI 550 value represents a significant overestimate. The difference between the LOI 550 and TEML values indicates that the mass loss excess (MLE) may be accounted for by losses due to breakdown of carbonates. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||